Pre-Irradiation Comparison of W-Based Alloys for the PHENIX Campaign: Microstructure, Composition, and Mechanical Properties
Abstract
Tungsten is the material of choice as the plasma-facing material in future plasma-burning fusion reactors. During operation, plasma-facing materials will be simultaneously exposed to 14-MeV neutrons, low-energy D/He particles, and high heat loads. Neutron irradiation of tungsten results in bulk material damage, including knock-on damage causing loops and voids, and transmutation reactions leading to the transmutation of tungsten to rhenium and osmium. Under irradiation to high dose, Re and Os atoms can amalgamate into precipitates that drastically alter the material properties, noticeably increasing the hardness. However, the early-stage development of Re and Os precipitates under a fast neutron spectrum has not been investigated.In this work, the microstructure and hardening behavior of W-Re alloys containing 0 to 2.2 wt% Re, TiC-doped W, and powder-injection-molded W are investigated prior to neutron irradiation at 500ºC and 800ºC to ~0.1 displacement per atom in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) to establish a baseline understanding of the starting microstructures.Transmission electron microscopy analysis indicates a dislocation-heavy microstructure, and scanning transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy shows no spatial segregation of Re and W. Similarly, surface compositional studies performed with electron backscatter diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed no presence of Re, indicating the Re did notmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[2];
[1]
- Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1560492
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Fusion Science and Technology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 75; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 1536-1055
- Publisher:
- American Nuclear Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Tungsten-rhenium alloys; neutron irradiation; microstructure analysis
Citation Formats
Lang, Eric, Reid, Nathan, Garrison, Lauren M., Parish, Chad M., and Allain, Jean Paul. Pre-Irradiation Comparison of W-Based Alloys for the PHENIX Campaign: Microstructure, Composition, and Mechanical Properties. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1080/15361055.2019.1602400.
Lang, Eric, Reid, Nathan, Garrison, Lauren M., Parish, Chad M., & Allain, Jean Paul. Pre-Irradiation Comparison of W-Based Alloys for the PHENIX Campaign: Microstructure, Composition, and Mechanical Properties. United States. https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2019.1602400
Lang, Eric, Reid, Nathan, Garrison, Lauren M., Parish, Chad M., and Allain, Jean Paul. Thu .
"Pre-Irradiation Comparison of W-Based Alloys for the PHENIX Campaign: Microstructure, Composition, and Mechanical Properties". United States. https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2019.1602400. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1560492.
@article{osti_1560492,
title = {Pre-Irradiation Comparison of W-Based Alloys for the PHENIX Campaign: Microstructure, Composition, and Mechanical Properties},
author = {Lang, Eric and Reid, Nathan and Garrison, Lauren M. and Parish, Chad M. and Allain, Jean Paul},
abstractNote = {Tungsten is the material of choice as the plasma-facing material in future plasma-burning fusion reactors. During operation, plasma-facing materials will be simultaneously exposed to 14-MeV neutrons, low-energy D/He particles, and high heat loads. Neutron irradiation of tungsten results in bulk material damage, including knock-on damage causing loops and voids, and transmutation reactions leading to the transmutation of tungsten to rhenium and osmium. Under irradiation to high dose, Re and Os atoms can amalgamate into precipitates that drastically alter the material properties, noticeably increasing the hardness. However, the early-stage development of Re and Os precipitates under a fast neutron spectrum has not been investigated.In this work, the microstructure and hardening behavior of W-Re alloys containing 0 to 2.2 wt% Re, TiC-doped W, and powder-injection-molded W are investigated prior to neutron irradiation at 500ºC and 800ºC to ~0.1 displacement per atom in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) to establish a baseline understanding of the starting microstructures.Transmission electron microscopy analysis indicates a dislocation-heavy microstructure, and scanning transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy shows no spatial segregation of Re and W. Similarly, surface compositional studies performed with electron backscatter diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed no presence of Re, indicating the Re did not segregate or form new phases during fabrication. Here, the alloys in their as-fabricated state showed no Re segregation or second-phase development, with no significant differences between their microstructures and Vickers hardness values.},
doi = {10.1080/15361055.2019.1602400},
journal = {Fusion Science and Technology},
number = 6,
volume = 75,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu May 16 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Thu May 16 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 1 work
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Microstructural development of tungsten and tungsten–rhenium alloys due to neutron irradiation in HFIR
journal, December 2014
- Fukuda, Makoto; Yabuuchi, Kiyohiro; Nogami, Shuhei
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 455, Issue 1-3
Precipitation of Solid Transmutation Elements in Irradiated Tungsten Alloys
journal, January 2008
- Tanno, Takashi; Hasegawa, Akira; Fujiwara, Mitsuhiro
- MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS, Vol. 49, Issue 10
Irradiation hardening of pure tungsten exposed to neutron irradiation
journal, November 2016
- Hu, Xunxiang; Koyanagi, Takaaki; Fukuda, Makoto
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 480
Effects of Re Content and Fabrication Process on Microstructural Changes and Hardening in Neutron Irradiated Tungsten
journal, January 2012
- Fukuda, Makoto; Tanno, Takashi; Nogami, Shuhei
- MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS, Vol. 53, Issue 12
Microstructural and compositional effects of transition metal carbide additions on dispersion-strengthened tungsten fabricated via spark plasma sintering
journal, September 2018
- Lang, Eric; Madden, Nathan; Smith, Charles
- International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, Vol. 75
LAMDA: Irradiated-Materials Microscopy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
journal, August 2015
- Parish, Chad M.; Kiran Kumar, N. A. P.; Snead, Lance L.
- Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 21, Issue S3
Neutron energy spectrum influence on irradiation hardening and microstructural development of tungsten
journal, October 2016
- Fukuda, Makoto; Kiran Kumar, N. A. P.; Koyanagi, Takaaki
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 479
Mechanical and microstructural investigations of tungsten and doped tungsten materials produced via powder injection molding
journal, July 2015
- Antusch, Steffen; Armstrong, David E. J.; Britton, T. Ben
- Nuclear Materials and Energy, Vol. 3-4
Neutron-induced transmutation effects in W and W-alloys in a fusion environment
journal, March 2011
- Gilbert, M. R.; Sublet, J. -Ch.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 4
Transmutation and induced radioactivity of W in the armor and first wall of fusion reactors
journal, October 1998
- Noda, Tetsuji; Fujita, Mitsutane; Okada, Masatoshi
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 258-263
Ion-irradiation induced clustering in W-Re-Ta, W-Re and W-Ta alloys: An atom probe tomography and nanoindentation study
journal, February 2017
- Xu, Alan; Armstrong, David E. J.; Beck, Christian
- Acta Materialia, Vol. 124
Microstructure and impact properties of ultra-fine grained tungsten alloys dispersed with TiC
journal, May 1999
- Kitsunai, Yuji; Kurishita, Hiroaki; Kayano, Hideo
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 271-272
PHENIX U.S.-Japan Collaboration Investigation of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Thermal Neutron–Shielded Irradiated Tungsten
journal, May 2019
- Garrison, Lauren M.; Katoh, Yutai; Geringer, Josina W.
- Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 75, Issue 6
An atomic resolution study of radiation-induced precipitation and solute segregation effects in a neutron-irradiated W-25 at.% Re alloy
journal, August 1984
- Herschitz, R.; Seidman, D. N.
- Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 32, Issue 8
Microstructure Development in Neutron Irradiated Tungsten Alloys
journal, January 2011
- Tanno, Takashi; Fukuda, Makoto; Nogami, Shuhei
- MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS, Vol. 52, Issue 7
Detection limits in XPS for more than 6000 binary systems using Al and Mg Kα X-rays: XPS detection limits
journal, February 2014
- Shard, Alexander G.
- Surface and Interface Analysis, Vol. 46, Issue 3
Plasma facing and high heat flux materials – needs for ITER and beyond
journal, December 2002
- Bolt, H.; Barabash, V.; Federici, G.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 307-311
An atomic resolution study of homogeneous radiation-induced precipitation in a neutron irradiated W-10at.% Re alloy
journal, August 1984
- Herschitz, R.; Seidman, D. N.
- Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 32, Issue 8
Sigma phase formation in irradiated tungsten, tantalum and molybdenum in a fusion power plant
journal, September 2004
- Cottrell, G. A.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 334, Issue 2-3
Neutron irradiation effects on the microstructural development of tungsten and tungsten alloys
journal, April 2016
- Hasegawa, Akira; Fukuda, Makoto; Yabuuchi, Kiyohiro
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 471
Tungsten as target material in fusion devices
journal, June 1996
- Naujoks, D.; Asmussen, K.; Bessenrodt-Weberpals, M.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 36, Issue 6
Ductilisation of tungsten (W): On the increase of strength AND room-temperature tensile ductility through cold-rolling
journal, April 2017
- Reiser, Jens; Hoffmann, Jan; Jäntsch, Ute
- International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, Vol. 64
Microstructural evolution of pure tungsten neutron irradiated with a mixed energy spectrum
journal, July 2017
- Koyanagi, Takaaki; Kumar, N. A. P. Kiran; Hwang, Taehyun
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 490
Transmutation of Mo, Re, W, Hf, and V in various irradiation test facilities and STARFIRE
journal, September 1994
- Greenwood, L. R.; Garner, F. A.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 212-215
Irradiation induced precipitation in tungsten based, W-Re alloys
journal, March 1983
- Williams, R. K.; Wiffen, F. W.; Bentley, J.
- Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 14, Issue 3
Properties of tungsten-rhenium alloys
journal, September 1960
- Savitskii, E. M.; Tylkina, M. A.; Ipatova, S. I.
- Metal Science and Heat Treatment, Vol. 2, Issue 9
Neutron irradiation effects on tungsten materials
journal, October 2014
- Hasegawa, Akira; Fukuda, Makoto; Nogami, Shuhei
- Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 89, Issue 7-8
Mechanical and microstructural investigations of tungsten and doped tungsten materials produced via powder injection molding
text, January 2015
- Antusch, S.; Armstrong, D. E. J.; Britton, T. B.
- Karlsruhe