SPIRITS 16tn in NGC 3556: A Heavily Obscured and Low-luminosity Supernova at 8.8 Mpc
Abstract
Here, we present the discovery by the SPitzer InfraRed Intensive Transients Survey (SPIRITS) of a likely supernova (SN) in NGC 3556 (M108) at only 8.8 Mpc that was not detected by optical searches. A luminous infrared (IR) transient at M[4.5] = -16.7 mag (Vega), SPIRITS 16tn is coincident with a dust lane in the inclined, star-forming disk of the host. Using observations in the IR, optical, and radio, we attempt to determine the nature of this event. We estimate A V ≈ 8–9 mag of extinction, placing it among the three most highly obscured IR-discovered SNe. The [4.5] light curve declined at a rate of 0.013 mag day-1, and the [3.6]–[4.5] color increased from 0.7 to gsim1.0 mag by 184.7 days post discovery. Optical/IR spectroscopy shows a red continuum but no clearly discernible features, preventing a definitive spectroscopic classification. Radio observations constrain the radio luminosity of SPIRITS 16tn to L ν ≲ 1024 erg s-1 Hz-1 between 3 and 15 GHz, excluding many varieties of core-collapse SNe. An SN Ia is ruled out by the observed IR color and lack of spectroscopic features from Fe-peak elements. SPIRITS 16tn was fainter at [4.5] than typical stripped-envelope SNe by ≈1 mag. Comparisonmore »
- Authors:
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[1];
[1];
[2];
[3];
[5];
[1];
[6];
[7];
[8];
[9];
[10];
[1]
- California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
- Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD (United States)
- Uppsala Univ. (Sweden)
- Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel)
- Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA (United States)
- Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD (United States)
- Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
- Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
- Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark); Liverpool John Moores Univ. (United Kingdom)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1545634
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 863; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
- Publisher:
- Institute of Physics (IOP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; dust; extinction - galaxies; individual (NGC 3556) - supernovae; general - supernovae; individual (SPIRITS 16tn) - surveys
Citation Formats
Jencson, Jacob E., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Adams, Scott M., Bond, Howard E., Lau, Ryan M., Johansson, Joel, Horesh, Assaf, Mooley, Kunal P., Fender, Robert, De, Kishalay, O’Sullivan, Dónal, Masci, Frank J., Cody, Ann Marie, Blagorodnova, Nadia, Fox, Ori D., Gehrz, Robert D., Milne, Peter A., Perley, Daniel A., Smith, Nathan, and Van Dyk, Schuyler D. SPIRITS 16tn in NGC 3556: A Heavily Obscured and Low-luminosity Supernova at 8.8 Mpc. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aacf8b.
Jencson, Jacob E., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Adams, Scott M., Bond, Howard E., Lau, Ryan M., Johansson, Joel, Horesh, Assaf, Mooley, Kunal P., Fender, Robert, De, Kishalay, O’Sullivan, Dónal, Masci, Frank J., Cody, Ann Marie, Blagorodnova, Nadia, Fox, Ori D., Gehrz, Robert D., Milne, Peter A., Perley, Daniel A., Smith, Nathan, & Van Dyk, Schuyler D. SPIRITS 16tn in NGC 3556: A Heavily Obscured and Low-luminosity Supernova at 8.8 Mpc. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aacf8b
Jencson, Jacob E., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Adams, Scott M., Bond, Howard E., Lau, Ryan M., Johansson, Joel, Horesh, Assaf, Mooley, Kunal P., Fender, Robert, De, Kishalay, O’Sullivan, Dónal, Masci, Frank J., Cody, Ann Marie, Blagorodnova, Nadia, Fox, Ori D., Gehrz, Robert D., Milne, Peter A., Perley, Daniel A., Smith, Nathan, and Van Dyk, Schuyler D. Tue .
"SPIRITS 16tn in NGC 3556: A Heavily Obscured and Low-luminosity Supernova at 8.8 Mpc". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aacf8b. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1545634.
@article{osti_1545634,
title = {SPIRITS 16tn in NGC 3556: A Heavily Obscured and Low-luminosity Supernova at 8.8 Mpc},
author = {Jencson, Jacob E. and Kasliwal, Mansi M. and Adams, Scott M. and Bond, Howard E. and Lau, Ryan M. and Johansson, Joel and Horesh, Assaf and Mooley, Kunal P. and Fender, Robert and De, Kishalay and O’Sullivan, Dónal and Masci, Frank J. and Cody, Ann Marie and Blagorodnova, Nadia and Fox, Ori D. and Gehrz, Robert D. and Milne, Peter A. and Perley, Daniel A. and Smith, Nathan and Van Dyk, Schuyler D.},
abstractNote = {Here, we present the discovery by the SPitzer InfraRed Intensive Transients Survey (SPIRITS) of a likely supernova (SN) in NGC 3556 (M108) at only 8.8 Mpc that was not detected by optical searches. A luminous infrared (IR) transient at M[4.5] = -16.7 mag (Vega), SPIRITS 16tn is coincident with a dust lane in the inclined, star-forming disk of the host. Using observations in the IR, optical, and radio, we attempt to determine the nature of this event. We estimate A V ≈ 8–9 mag of extinction, placing it among the three most highly obscured IR-discovered SNe. The [4.5] light curve declined at a rate of 0.013 mag day-1, and the [3.6]–[4.5] color increased from 0.7 to gsim1.0 mag by 184.7 days post discovery. Optical/IR spectroscopy shows a red continuum but no clearly discernible features, preventing a definitive spectroscopic classification. Radio observations constrain the radio luminosity of SPIRITS 16tn to L ν ≲ 1024 erg s-1 Hz-1 between 3 and 15 GHz, excluding many varieties of core-collapse SNe. An SN Ia is ruled out by the observed IR color and lack of spectroscopic features from Fe-peak elements. SPIRITS 16tn was fainter at [4.5] than typical stripped-envelope SNe by ≈1 mag. Comparison of the spectral energy distribution to SNe II suggests that SPIRITS 16tn was both highly obscured and intrinsically dim, possibly akin to the low-luminosity SN 2005cs. We infer the presence of an IR dust echo powered by an initial peak luminosity of the transient of 5 × 1040 erg s-1 ≲ L peak ≲ 4 × 1043 erg s-1, consistent with the observed range for SNe II. This discovery illustrates the power of IR surveys to overcome the compounding effects of visible extinction and optically subluminous events in completing the inventory of nearby SNe.},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/aacf8b},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
number = 1,
volume = 863,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Aug 07 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Tue Aug 07 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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