Mass ejection in failed supernovae: variation with stellar progenitor

Fernández, Rodrigo; Quataert, Eliot; Kashiyama, Kazumi; Coughlin, Eric R.

doi:10.1093/mnras/sty306

Title: Mass ejection in failed supernovae: variation with stellar progenitor

Abstract

We study the ejection of mass during stellar core-collapse when the stalled shock does not revive and a black hole forms. Neutrino emission during the protoneutron star phase causes a decrease in the gravitational mass of the core, resulting in an outward going sound pulse that steepens into a shock as it travels out through the star. We explore the properties of this mass ejection mechanism over a range of stellar progenitors using spherically symmetric, time-dependent hydrodynamic simulations that treat neutrino mass-loss parametrically and follow the shock propagation over the entire star. We find that all types of stellar progenitor can eject mass through this mechanism. The ejected mass is a decreasing function of the surface gravity of the star, ranging from several M_⊙ for red supergiants to ~0.1 M_⊙ for blue supergiants and ~10^-3 M_⊙ for Wolf–Rayet stars. We find that the final shock energy at the surface is a decreasing function of the core-compactness, and is ≲ 10⁴⁷–10⁴⁸ erg in all cases. In progenitors with a sufficiently large envelope, high core-compactness, or a combination of both, the sound pulse fails to unbind mass. Successful mass ejection is accompanied by significant fallback accretion that can last from hours tomore »« less

Authors:

Fernández, Rodrigo ^[1]; Quataert, Eliot ^[2]; Kashiyama, Kazumi ^[3]; Coughlin, Eric R. ^[2]

Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB (Canada)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)

Publication Date:: Fri Feb 09 00:00:00 EST 2018

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Univ. of California, Oakland, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1543976

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 476; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Royal Astronomical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Astronomy & Astrophysics

Citation Formats


                    Fernández, Rodrigo, Quataert, Eliot, Kashiyama, Kazumi, and Coughlin, Eric R. Mass ejection in failed supernovae: variation with stellar progenitor.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1093/mnras/sty306.

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                    Fernández, Rodrigo, Quataert, Eliot, Kashiyama, Kazumi, & Coughlin, Eric R. Mass ejection in failed supernovae: variation with stellar progenitor.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty306

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                    Fernández, Rodrigo, Quataert, Eliot, Kashiyama, Kazumi, and Coughlin, Eric R. Fri .  
"Mass ejection in failed supernovae: variation with stellar progenitor".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty306.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1543976.

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@article{osti_1543976,

  title        = {Mass ejection in failed supernovae: variation with stellar progenitor},

  author       = {Fernández, Rodrigo and Quataert, Eliot and Kashiyama, Kazumi and Coughlin, Eric R.},

  abstractNote = {We study the ejection of mass during stellar core-collapse when the stalled shock does not revive and a black hole forms. Neutrino emission during the protoneutron star phase causes a decrease in the gravitational mass of the core, resulting in an outward going sound pulse that steepens into a shock as it travels out through the star. We explore the properties of this mass ejection mechanism over a range of stellar progenitors using spherically symmetric, time-dependent hydrodynamic simulations that treat neutrino mass-loss parametrically and follow the shock propagation over the entire star. We find that all types of stellar progenitor can eject mass through this mechanism. The ejected mass is a decreasing function of the surface gravity of the star, ranging from several M⊙ for red supergiants to ~0.1 M⊙ for blue supergiants and ~10-3 M⊙ for Wolf–Rayet stars. We find that the final shock energy at the surface is a decreasing function of the core-compactness, and is ≲ 1047–1048 erg in all cases. In progenitors with a sufficiently large envelope, high core-compactness, or a combination of both, the sound pulse fails to unbind mass. Successful mass ejection is accompanied by significant fallback accretion that can last from hours to years. We predict the properties of shock breakout and thermal plateau emission produced by the ejection of the outer envelope of blue supergiant and Wolf–Rayet progenitors in otherwise failed supernovae.},

  doi          = {10.1093/mnras/sty306},

  journal      = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 476,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Feb 09 00:00:00 EST 2018},

  month        = {Fri Feb 09 00:00:00 EST 2018}

}

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Gaussian-mixture-model-based cluster analysis of gamma-ray bursts in the BATSE catalog
journal, May 2019

Tóth, B. G.; Rácz, I. I.; Horváth, I.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 486, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1188

Black hole accretion discs and luminous transients in failed supernovae from non-rotating supergiants
journal, March 2019

Quataert, E.; Lecoanet, D.; Coughlin, E. R.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 485, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/slz031

Origin and impacts of the first cosmic rays
journal, September 2019

Ohira, Yutaka; Murase, Kohta
Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.061301

Confronting Models of Massive Star Evolution and Explosions with Remnant Mass Measurements
journal, March 2018

Raithel, Carolyn A.; Sukhbold, Tuguldur; Özel, Feryal
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 856, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aab09b

Weak Shock Propagation with Accretion. I. Self-similar Solutions and Application to Failed Supernovae
journal, August 2018

Coughlin, Eric R.; Quataert, Eliot; Ro, Stephen
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aad198

An Embedded X-Ray Source Shines through the Aspherical AT 2018cow: Revealing the Inner Workings of the Most Luminous Fast-evolving Optical Transients
journal, February 2019

Margutti, R.; Metzger, B. D.; Chornock, R.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 872, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aafa01

Weak Shock Propagation with Accretion. II. Stability of Self-similar Solutions to Radial Perturbations
journal, March 2019

Coughlin, Eric R.; Ro, Stephen; Quataert, Eliot
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 874, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab09ec

Multimessenger Implications of AT2018cow: High-energy Cosmic-Ray and Neutrino Emissions from Magnetar-powered Superluminous Transients
journal, June 2019

Fang, Ke; Metzger, Brian D.; Murase, Kohta
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 878, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab1b72

Weak Shock Propagation with Accretion. III. A Numerical Study on Shock Propagation and Stability
journal, June 2019

Ro, Stephen; Coughlin, Eric R.; Quataert, Eliot
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 878, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab1ea2

Fallback Accretion-powered Supernova Light Curves Based on a Neutrino-driven Explosion Simulation of a 40 M ⊙ Star
journal, July 2019

Moriya, Takashi J.; Müller, Bernhard; Chan, Conrad
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2643

Energy-conserving Relativistic Corrections to Strong-shock Propagation
journal, July 2019

Coughlin, Eric R.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab29e6

Mind the Gap: The Location of the Lower Edge of the Pair-instability Supernova Black Hole Mass Gap
journal, December 2019

Farmer, R.; Renzo, M.; de Mink, S. E.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab518b

Impact of the Rotation and Compactness of Progenitors on the Mass of Black Holes
journal, January 2020

Mapelli, Michela; Spera, Mario; Montanari, Enrico
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 888, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab584d

Black Hole Formation in Fallback Supernova and the Spins of LIGO Sources
journal, July 2018

Schrøder, Sophie L.; Batta, Aldo; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 862, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aacf8d

Most Black Holes Are Born Very Slowly Rotating
journal, August 2019

Fuller, Jim; Ma, Linhao
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab339b

Partial Stellar Disruption by a Supermassive Black Hole: Is the Light Curve Really Proportional to t ^−9/4?
journal, September 2019

Coughlin, Eric R.; Nixon, C. J.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab412d

Black Hole Formation in Fallback Supernova and the Spins of LIGO Sources
text, January 2018

Schrøder, Sophie L.; Batta, Aldo; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1805.01269

Weak shock propagation with accretion. I. Self-similar solutions and application to failed supernovae
text, January 2018

Coughlin, Eric R.; Quataert, Eliot; Ro, Stephen
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1805.06456

Black Hole Accretion Discs and Luminous Transients in Failed Supernovae from Non-Rotating Supergiants
text, January 2018

Quataert, Eliot; Lecoanet, Daniel; Coughlin, Eric R.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1811.12427

Multidimensional analysis of Fermi GBM gamma-ray bursts
text, January 2019

Horvath, I.; Hakkila, J.; Bagoly, Z.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1905.12998

Gaussian-mixture-model-based cluster analysis of gamma-ray bursts in the BATSE catalog
text, January 2019

Tóth, B. G.; Rácz, I. I.; Horváth, I.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1906.01362

Most Black Holes are Born Very Slowly Rotating
text, January 2019

Fuller, Jim; Ma, Linhao
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1907.03714

Mind the gap: The location of the lower edge of the pair instability supernovae black hole mass gap
text, January 2019

Farmer, R.; Renzo, M.; de Mink, S. E.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1910.12874

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