TOPAS-nBio: An Extension to the TOPAS Simulation Toolkit for Cellular and Sub-cellular Radiobiology
Abstract
The TOPAS Monte Carlo (MC) system is used in radiation therapy and medical imaging research, having played a significant role in making Monte Carlo simulations widely available for proton therapy related research. While TOPAS provides detailed simulations of patient scale properties, the fundamental unit of the biological response to radiation is a cell. Thus, our goal was to develop TOPAS-nBio, an extension of TOPAS dedicated to advance understanding of radiobiological effects at the (sub-)cellular, (i.e., the cellular and sub-cellular) scale. TOPAS-nBio was designed as a set of open source classes that extends TOPAS to model radiobiological experiments. TOPAS-nBio is based on and extends Geant4-DNA, which extends the Geant4 toolkit, the basis of TOPAS, to include very low-energy interactions of particles down to vibrational energies, explicitly simulates every particle interaction (i.e., without using condensed histories) and propagates radiolysis products. To further facilitate the use of TOPAS-nBio, a graphical user interface was developed. TOPAS-nBio offers full track-structure Monte Carlo simulations, integration of chemical reactions within the first millisecond, an extensive catalogue of specialized cell geometries as well as sub-cellular structures such as DNA and mitochondria, and interfaces to mechanistic models of DNA repair kinetics. We compared TOPAS-nBio simulations to measured and publishedmore »
- Authors:
-
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (Harvard Medical School), Boston, MA (United States)
- Univ. of California, San Francisco, CA (United States)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- CNRS, IN2P3, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1503238
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Radiation Research
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 191; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0033-7587
- Publisher:
- Radiation Research Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE
Citation Formats
Schuemann, J., McNamara, A. L., Ramos-Méndez, J., Perl, J., Held, K. D., Paganetti, H., Incerti, S., and Faddegon, B. TOPAS-nBio: An Extension to the TOPAS Simulation Toolkit for Cellular and Sub-cellular Radiobiology. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1667/rr15226.1.
Schuemann, J., McNamara, A. L., Ramos-Méndez, J., Perl, J., Held, K. D., Paganetti, H., Incerti, S., & Faddegon, B. TOPAS-nBio: An Extension to the TOPAS Simulation Toolkit for Cellular and Sub-cellular Radiobiology. United States. https://doi.org/10.1667/rr15226.1
Schuemann, J., McNamara, A. L., Ramos-Méndez, J., Perl, J., Held, K. D., Paganetti, H., Incerti, S., and Faddegon, B. Thu .
"TOPAS-nBio: An Extension to the TOPAS Simulation Toolkit for Cellular and Sub-cellular Radiobiology". United States. https://doi.org/10.1667/rr15226.1. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1503238.
@article{osti_1503238,
title = {TOPAS-nBio: An Extension to the TOPAS Simulation Toolkit for Cellular and Sub-cellular Radiobiology},
author = {Schuemann, J. and McNamara, A. L. and Ramos-Méndez, J. and Perl, J. and Held, K. D. and Paganetti, H. and Incerti, S. and Faddegon, B.},
abstractNote = {The TOPAS Monte Carlo (MC) system is used in radiation therapy and medical imaging research, having played a significant role in making Monte Carlo simulations widely available for proton therapy related research. While TOPAS provides detailed simulations of patient scale properties, the fundamental unit of the biological response to radiation is a cell. Thus, our goal was to develop TOPAS-nBio, an extension of TOPAS dedicated to advance understanding of radiobiological effects at the (sub-)cellular, (i.e., the cellular and sub-cellular) scale. TOPAS-nBio was designed as a set of open source classes that extends TOPAS to model radiobiological experiments. TOPAS-nBio is based on and extends Geant4-DNA, which extends the Geant4 toolkit, the basis of TOPAS, to include very low-energy interactions of particles down to vibrational energies, explicitly simulates every particle interaction (i.e., without using condensed histories) and propagates radiolysis products. To further facilitate the use of TOPAS-nBio, a graphical user interface was developed. TOPAS-nBio offers full track-structure Monte Carlo simulations, integration of chemical reactions within the first millisecond, an extensive catalogue of specialized cell geometries as well as sub-cellular structures such as DNA and mitochondria, and interfaces to mechanistic models of DNA repair kinetics. We compared TOPAS-nBio simulations to measured and published data of energy deposition patterns and chemical reaction rates (G values). Our simulations agreed well within the experimental uncertainties. Additionally, we expanded the chemical reactions and species provided in Geant4-DNA and developed a new method based on independent reaction times (IRT), including a total of 72 reactions classified into 6 types between neutral and charged species. Chemical stage simulations using IRT were a factor of 145 faster than with step-by-step tracking. Finally, we applied the geometric/chemical modeling to obtain initial yields of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA fibers for proton irradiations of 3 and 50 MeV and compared the effect of including chemical reactions on the number and complexity of DSB induction. Over half of the DSBs were found to include chemical reactions with approximately 5% of DSBs caused only by chemical reactions. In conclusion, the TOPAS-nBio extension to the TOPAS MC application offers access to accurate and detailed multiscale simulations, from a macroscopic description of the radiation field to microscopic description of biological outcome for selected cells. TOPAS-nBio offers detailed physics and chemistry simulations of radiobiological experiments on cells simulating the initially induced damage and links to models of DNA repair kinetics.},
doi = {10.1667/rr15226.1},
journal = {Radiation Research},
number = 2,
volume = 191,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Thu Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 83 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Calculation of Initial Yields of Single- and Double-strand Breaks in Cell Nuclei from Electrons, Protons and Alpha Particles
journal, January 1989
- Charlton, D. E.; Nikjoo, H.; Humm, J. L.
- International Journal of Radiation Biology, Vol. 56, Issue 1
Track structure modeling in liquid water: A review of the Geant4-DNA very low energy extension of the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit
journal, December 2015
- Bernal, M. A.; Bordage, M. C.; Brown, J. M. C.
- Physica Medica, Vol. 31, Issue 8
A general mechanistic model enables predictions of the biological effectiveness of different qualities of radiation
journal, September 2017
- McMahon, Stephen J.; McNamara, Aimee L.; Schuemann, Jan
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
In Silico Non-Homologous End Joining Following Ion Induced DNA Double Strand Breaks Predicts That Repair Fidelity Depends on Break Density
journal, February 2018
- Henthorn, N. T.; Warmenhoven, J. W.; Sotiropoulos, M.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Mechanistic Modelling of DNA Repair and Cellular Survival Following Radiation-Induced DNA Damage
journal, September 2016
- McMahon, Stephen J.; Schuemann, Jan; Paganetti, Harald
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Geant4-DNA simulations using complex DNA geometries generated by the DnaFabric tool
journal, July 2016
- Meylan, S.; Vimont, U.; Incerti, S.
- Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 204
Influence of the geometrical detail in the description of DNA and the scoring method of ionization clustering on nanodosimetric parameters of track structure: a Monte Carlo study using Geant4-DNA
journal, October 2015
- Bueno, M.; Schulte, R.; Meylan, S.
- Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 60, Issue 21
Simulation of early DNA damage after the irradiation of a fibroblast cell nucleus using Geant4-DNA
journal, September 2017
- Meylan, Sylvain; Incerti, Sébastien; Karamitros, Mathieu
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Comprehensive track-structure based evaluation of DNA damage by light ions from radiotherapy-relevant energies down to stopping
journal, March 2017
- Friedland, W.; Schmitt, E.; Kundrát, P.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Comparison of GEANT4 very low energy cross section models with experimental data in water: Comparison of GEANT4 VLE cross sections with data
journal, August 2010
- Incerti, S.; Ivanchenko, A.; Karamitros, M.
- Medical Physics, Vol. 37, Issue 9
Validation of the radiobiology toolkit TOPAS-nBio in simple DNA geometries
journal, January 2017
- McNamara, Aimee; Geng, Changran; Turner, Robert
- Physica Medica, Vol. 33
Diffusion-controlled reactions modeling in Geant4-DNA
journal, October 2014
- Karamitros, M.; Luan, S.; Bernal, M. A.
- Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 274
Considerations for the independent reaction times and step-by-step methods for radiation chemistry simulations
journal, October 2017
- Plante, Ianik; Devroye, Luc
- Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 139
Monte Carlo simulation of chemistry following radiolysis with TOPAS-nBio
journal, May 2018
- Ramos-Méndez, J.; Perl, J.; Schuemann, J.
- Physics in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 63, Issue 10
TOPAS: An innovative proton Monte Carlo platform for research and clinical applications: TOPAS: An innovative proton Monte Carlo platform
journal, October 2012
- Perl, J.; Shin, J.; Schümann, J.
- Medical Physics, Vol. 39, Issue 11
Experimental validation of the TOPAS Monte Carlo system for passive scattering proton therapy: Experimental validation of TOPAS Monte Carlo
journal, November 2013
- Testa, M.; Schümann, J.; Lu, H. -M.
- Medical Physics, Vol. 40, Issue 12
Efficient voxel navigation for proton therapy dose calculation in TOPAS and Geant4
journal, May 2012
- Schümann, J.; Paganetti, H.; Shin, J.
- Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 57, Issue 11
A modular method to handle multiple time-dependent quantities in Monte Carlo simulations
journal, May 2012
- Shin, J.; Perl, J.; Schümann, J.
- Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 57, Issue 11
Geometrical splitting technique to improve the computational efficiency in Monte Carlo calculations for proton therapy: Geometrical splitting technique to improve the computational efficiency
journal, March 2013
- Ramos-Méndez, José; Perl, Joseph; Faddegon, Bruce
- Medical Physics, Vol. 40, Issue 4
Extension of TOPAS for the simulation of proton radiation effects considering molecular and cellular endpoints
journal, June 2015
- Polster, Lisa; Schuemann, Jan; Rinaldi, Ilaria
- Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 60, Issue 13
A framework for implementation of organ effect models in TOPAS with benchmarks extended to proton therapy
journal, June 2015
- Ramos-Méndez, J.; Perl, J.; Schümann, J.
- Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 60, Issue 13
Mathematical modeling of ovarian cancer treatments: Sequencing of surgery and chemotherapy
journal, September 2006
- Kohandel, M.; Sivaloganathan, S.; Oza, A.
- Journal of Theoretical Biology, Vol. 242, Issue 1
A method to adjust radiation dose–response relationships for clinical risk factors
journal, March 2012
- Appelt, Ane L.; Vogelius, Ivan R.
- Radiotherapy and Oncology, Vol. 102, Issue 3
A radiobiological model of reoxygenation and fractionation effects
journal, April 2017
- Guerrero, Mariana; Carlson, David J.
- Medical Physics, Vol. 44, Issue 5
Geant4-DNA example applications for track structure simulations in liquid water: A report from the Geant4-DNA Project
journal, July 2018
- Incerti, S.; Kyriakou, I.; Bernal, M. A.
- Medical Physics, Vol. 45, Issue 8
The Geant4-Dna Project
journal, June 2010
- Incerti, S.; Baldacchino, G.; Bernal, M.
- International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing, Vol. 01, Issue 02
An electron-impact cross section data set (10 eV–1 keV) of DNA constituents based on consistent experimental data: A requisite for Monte Carlo simulations
journal, January 2017
- Bug, Marion U.; Yong Baek, Woon; Rabus, Hans
- Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 130
Nanodosimetric Simulation of Direct Ion-Induced DNA Damage Using Different Chromatin Geometry Models
journal, December 2017
- Henthorn, N. T.; Warmenhoven, J. W.; Sotiropoulos, M.
- Radiation Research, Vol. 188, Issue 6
Stopping power and ranges of electrons, protons and alpha particles in liquid water using the Geant4-DNA package
journal, October 2011
- Francis, Z.; Incerti, S.; Karamitros, M.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 269, Issue 20
Implementation of new physics models for low energy electrons in liquid water in Geant4-DNA
journal, December 2016
- Bordage, M. C.; Bordes, J.; Edel, S.
- Physica Medica, Vol. 32, Issue 12
Monte Carlo simulation of energy-deposit clustering for ions of the same LET in liquid water
journal, December 2011
- Francis, Z.; Incerti, S.; Ivanchenko, V.
- Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 57, Issue 1
Technical Note: Improvements in geant 4 energy-loss model and the effect on low-energy electron transport in liquid water: Low-energy electron energy-loss model
journal, June 2015
- Kyriakou, I.; Incerti, S.; Francis, Z.
- Medical Physics, Vol. 42, Issue 7
Geant4 physics processes for silicon microdosimetry simulation: Improvements and extension of the energy-range validity up to 10 GeV/nucleon
journal, April 2014
- Raine, M.; Gaillardin, M.; Paillet, P.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 325
Inelastic cross-sections of low-energy electrons in silicon for the simulation of heavy ion tracks with the GEANT4-DNA toolkit
conference, October 2010
- Valentin, A.; Raine, M.; Sauvestre, J. E.
- IEEE Nuclear Science Symposuim & Medical Imaging Conference
Geant4 physics processes for microdosimetry simulation: Very low energy electromagnetic models for electrons in silicon
journal, October 2012
- Valentin, A.; Raine, M.; Sauvestre, J. -E.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 288
Geant4 physics processes for microdosimetry simulation: Very low energy electromagnetic models for protons and heavy ions in silicon
journal, September 2012
- Valentin, A.; Raine, M.; Gaillardin, M.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 287
An implementation of discrete electron transport models for gold in the Geant4 simulation toolkit
journal, December 2016
- Sakata, D.; Incerti, S.; Bordage, M. C.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 24
Geant4‐DNA track‐structure simulations for gold nanoparticles: The importance of electron discrete models in nanometer volumes
journal, March 2018
- Sakata, Dousatsu; Kyriakou, Ioanna; Okada, Shogo
- Medical Physics, Vol. 45, Issue 5
A New Standard DNA Damage (SDD) Data Format
journal, November 2018
- Schuemann, J.; McNamara, A. L.; Warmenhoven, J. W.
- Radiation Research, Vol. 191, Issue 1
Geometrical structures for radiation biology research as implemented in the TOPAS-nBio toolkit
journal, September 2018
- McNamara, Aimee L.; Ramos-Méndez, José; Perl, Joseph
- Physics in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 63, Issue 17
Mobilizing the base of neuroscience data: the case of neuronal morphologies
journal, April 2006
- Ascoli, Giorgio A.
- Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Vol. 7, Issue 4
NeuroMorpho.Org: A Central Resource for Neuronal Morphologies
journal, August 2007
- Ascoli, G. A.; Donohue, D. E.; Halavi, M.
- Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 27, Issue 35
Fast, accurate photon beam accelerator modeling usingBEAMnrc : A systematic investigation of efficiency enhancing methods and cross-section data
journal, November 2009
- Fragoso, Margarida; Kawrakow, Iwan; Faddegon, Bruce A.
- Medical Physics, Vol. 36, Issue 12
Large efficiency improvements in BEAMnrc using directional bremsstrahlung splitting: Directional bremsstrahlung splitting
journal, October 2004
- Kawrakow, I.; Rogers, D. W. O.; Walters, B. R. B.
- Medical Physics, Vol. 31, Issue 10
BEAM: A Monte Carlo code to simulate radiotherapy treatment units
journal, May 1995
- Rogers, D. W. O.; Faddegon, B. A.; Ding, G. X.
- Medical Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 5
Flagged uniform particle splitting for variance reduction in proton and carbon ion track-structure simulations
journal, July 2017
- Ramos-Méndez, José; Schuemann, Jan; Incerti, Sebastien
- Physics in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 62, Issue 15
Modeling Radiation Chemistry in the Geant4 Toolkit
journal, January 2011
- Karamitros, Mathieu; Mantero, Alfonso; Incerti, Sébastien
- Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 0
Effect of radiation type in water radiolysis
journal, January 1981
- Burns, William G.; Sims, Howard E.
- Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases, Vol. 77, Issue 11
Radical and molecular yields in water irradiated by .gamma.-rays and heavy ions
journal, June 1969
- Appleby, A.; Schwarz, Harold A.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 73, Issue 6
LET Dependence of Transient Yields in the Pulse Radiolysis of Aqueous Systems with Deuterons and α Particles
journal, April 1977
- Sauer, Myran C.; Schmidt, Klaus H.; Hart, Edwin J.
- Radiation Research, Vol. 70, Issue 1
Temperature dependence of g values for H2O and D2O irradiated with low linear energy transfer radiation
journal, January 1993
- Elliot, A. John; Chenier, Monique P.; Ouellette, Denis C.
- Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, Vol. 89, Issue 8
Molecular Product and Free Radical Yields in the Decomposition of Water by Protons, Deuterons, and Helium Ions
journal, June 1961
- Anderson, A. R.; Hart, Edwin J.
- Radiation Research, Vol. 14, Issue 6
Stochastic models of multi-species kinetics in radiation-induced spurs
journal, January 1986
- Clifford, Peter; Green, Nicholas J. B.; Oldfield, Mark J.
- Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases, Vol. 82, Issue 9
Stochastic modeling of fast kinetics in a radiation track
journal, January 1990
- Green, N. J. B.; Pilling, M. J.; Pimblott, S. M.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 94, Issue 1
A new estimate of the radical yield at early times in the radiolysis of liquid water
journal, February 2000
- Jay-Gerin, Jean-Paul; Ferradini, Christiane
- Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 317, Issue 3-5
Yield and Decay of the Hydroxyl Radical from 200ps to 3ns
journal, October 1977
- Jonah, Charles D.; Miller, John R.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 81, Issue 21
Time- and space-resolved Monte Carlo study of water radiolysis for photon, electron and ion irradiation
journal, October 2008
- Kreipl, Maximilian S.; Friedland, Werner; Paretzke, Herwig G.
- Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, Vol. 48, Issue 1
Time-Dependent Radiolytic Yield of OH • Radical Studied by Picosecond Pulse Radiolysis
journal, November 2011
- El Omar, Abdel Karim; Schmidhammer, Uli; Jeunesse, Pierre
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 115, Issue 44
Pulse-radiolysis study on the yield of hydrated electron at elevated temperatures
journal, May 1988
- Shiraishi, H.; Katsumura, Y.; Hiroishi, D.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 92, Issue 10
The Yield of Hydrated Electrons at 30 Picoseconds
journal, December 1982
- Sumiyoshi, Takashi; Katayama, Meiseki
- Chemistry Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 12
Picosecond pulse radiolysis. IV. Yield of the solvated electron at 30 picoseconds
journal, May 1973
- Wolff, R. K.; Bronskill, M. J.; Aldrich, J. E.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 77, Issue 11
Radiolytic yields of hydrated electrons at 30 to 1000 picoseconds after energy absorption
journal, February 1973
- Hunt, John W.; Wolff, R. K.; Bronskill, M. J.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 77, Issue 3
A re-evaluation of the initial yield of the hydrated electron in the picosecond time range
journal, February 2005
- Muroya, Yusa; Lin, Mingzhang; Wu, Guozhong
- Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 72, Issue 2-3
Yields and reactions of hydrogen ions on radiolysis of water and aqueous solutions
journal, January 1977
- Pikaev, Alexei K.; Kabakchi, Sergei A.; Zansokhova, Alla A.
- Faraday Discussions of the Chemical Society, Vol. 63
Hydrogen ion yields in the radiolysis of neutral aqueous solutions
journal, June 1969
- Cercek, B.; Kongshaug, M.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 73, Issue 6
The radiation-chemical yields of H3O+ and OH- as determined by nanosecond conductimetric measurements
journal, January 1985
- Anderson, Robert F.; Vojnovic, Borivoj; Michael, Barry D.
- Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977), Vol. 26, Issue 3
Formation and recombination of the hydronium ion (H3O+) and hydroxide in irradiated water
journal, September 1969
- Schmidt, Klaus H.; Ander, Sabine M.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 73, Issue 9
Formation of primary reducing yields (Geaq- and GH2) in the radiolysis of aqueous solutions of some positive ions
journal, April 1975
- Draganić, Z. D.; Draganić, I. G.
- International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 7, Issue 2-3
Formation of primary hydrogen atom yield (GH) in the .gamma. radiolysis of water
journal, September 1972
- Draganic, Z. D.; Draganic, I. G.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 76, Issue 19
Simulation of DNA damage clustering after proton irradiation using an adapted DBSCAN algorithm
journal, March 2011
- Francis, Ziad; Villagrasa, Carmen; Clairand, Isabelle
- Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, Vol. 101, Issue 3
Comparing stochastic proton interactions simulated using TOPAS-nBio to experimental data from fluorescent nuclear track detectors
journal, March 2017
- Underwood, T. S. A.; Sung, W.; McFadden, C. H.
- Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 62, Issue 8
Proton-induced direct and indirect damage of plasmid DNA
journal, May 2015
- Vyšín, Luděk; Pachnerová Brabcová, Kateřina; Štěpán, Václav
- Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, Vol. 54, Issue 3
A Method of Calculating Initial DNA Strand Breakage Following the Decay of Incorporated125I
journal, January 1988
- Charlton, D. E.; Humm, J. L.
- International Journal of Radiation Biology, Vol. 53, Issue 3
Dose point kernels in liquid water: An intra-comparison between GEANT4-DNA and a variety of Monte Carlo codes
journal, January 2014
- Champion, C.; Incerti, S.; Perrot, Y.
- Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol. 83
The influence of heterochromatin on DNA double strand break repair: Getting the strong, silent type to relax
journal, December 2010
- Goodarzi, Aaron A.; Jeggo, Penny; Lobrich, Markus
- DNA Repair, Vol. 9, Issue 12
Works referencing / citing this record:
Use of a lipid nanoparticle system as a Trojan horse in delivery of gold nanoparticles to human breast cancer cells for improved outcomes in radiation therapy
journal, April 2019
- Bromma, Kyle; Rieck, Kristy; Kulkarni, Jayesh
- Cancer Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Ionizing Radiation and Complex DNA Damage: From Prediction to Detection Challenges and Biological Significance
journal, November 2019
- Mavragani, Ifigeneia V.; Nikitaki, Zacharenia; Kalospyros, Spyridon A.
- Cancers, Vol. 11, Issue 11
Modulation of nanoparticle uptake, intracellular distribution, and retention with docetaxel to enhance radiotherapy
journal, February 2020
- Bannister, Aaron Henry; Bromma, Kyle; Sung, Wonmo
- The British Journal of Radiology, Vol. 93, Issue 1106
Differential Repair Protein Recruitment at Sites of Clustered and Isolated DNA Double-Strand Breaks Produced by High-Energy Heavy Ions
text, January 2020
- Dubiak-Szepietowska, Monika; Janiel, Ellen; Schmidt, Alina
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, GSI, Darmstadt
Modelling variable proton relative biological effectiveness for treatment planning
journal, March 2020
- McNamara, Aimee; Willers, Henning; Paganetti, Harald
- The British Journal of Radiology, Vol. 93, Issue 1107
Ionizing Radiation and Complex DNA Damage: From Prediction to Detection Challenges and Biological Significance
journal, November 2019
- Mavragani, Ifigeneia V.; Nikitaki, Zacharenia; Kalospyros, Spyridon A.
- Cancers, Vol. 11, Issue 11
Differential Repair Protein Recruitment at Sites of Clustered and Isolated DNA Double-Strand Breaks Produced by High-Energy Heavy Ions
text, January 2020
- Dubiak-Szepietowska, Monika; Janiel, Ellen; Schmidt, Alina
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, GSI, Darmstadt
Exploring the advantages of intensity-modulated proton therapy: experimental validation of biological effects using two different beam intensity-modulation patterns
journal, February 2020
- Ma, Duo; Bronk, Lawrence; Kerr, Matthew
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Radio-enhancement by gold nanoparticles and their impact on water radiolysis for x-ray, proton and carbon-ion beams
journal, August 2019
- Rudek, Benedikt; McNamara, Aimee; Ramos-Méndez, Jose
- Physics in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 64, Issue 17
Neutron activation of gadolinium for ion therapy: a Monte Carlo study of charged particle beams
journal, August 2020
- Van Delinder, Kurt W.; Khan, Rao; Gräfe, James L.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Differential Repair Protein Recruitment at Sites of Clustered and Isolated DNA Double-Strand Breaks Produced by High-Energy Heavy Ions
journal, January 2020
- Jakob, Burkhard; Dubiak-Szepietowska, Monika; Janiel, Ellen
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, Issue 1