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Title: Lattice-contraction triggered synchronous electrochromic actuator

Abstract

Materials with synchronous capabilities of color change and actuation have prospects for application in biomimetic dual-stealth camouflage and artificial intelligence. However, color/shape dual-responsive devices involve stimuli that are difficult to control such as gas, light or magnetism, and the devices show poor coordination. Here, a flexible composite film with electrochromic/actuating (238° bending angle) dual-responsive phenomena, excellent reversibility, high synchronization, and fast response speed (< 5 s) utilizes a single active component, W18O49 nanowires. From in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction, first principles calculations/numerical simulations, and a series of control experiments, the actuating mechanism for macroscopic deformation is elucidated as pseudocapacitance-based reversible lattice contraction/recovery of W18O49 nanowires (i.e. nanostructure change at the atomic level) during lithium ion intercalation/de-intercalation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the W18O49 nanowires in a solid-state ionic polymer-metal composite actuator that operates stably in air with a significant pseudocapacitive actuation.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [2];  [4]; ORCiD logo [5];  [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [6];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [6];  [1]
  1. Donghua Univ., Shanghai (People's Republic of China)
  2. Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge (United Kingdom)
  3. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  4. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
  5. Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
  6. Univ. of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu (People's Republic of China)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1490648
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature Communications
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 9; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats

Li, Kerui, Shao, Yuanlong, Yan, Hongping, Lu, Zhi, Griffith, Kent J., Yan, Jinhui, Wang, Gang, Fan, Hongwei, Lu, Jingyu, Huang, Wei, Bao, Bin, Liu, Xuelong, Hou, Chengyi, Zhang, Qinghong, Li, Yaogang, Yu, Junsheng, and Wang, Hongzhi. Lattice-contraction triggered synchronous electrochromic actuator. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07241-7.
Li, Kerui, Shao, Yuanlong, Yan, Hongping, Lu, Zhi, Griffith, Kent J., Yan, Jinhui, Wang, Gang, Fan, Hongwei, Lu, Jingyu, Huang, Wei, Bao, Bin, Liu, Xuelong, Hou, Chengyi, Zhang, Qinghong, Li, Yaogang, Yu, Junsheng, & Wang, Hongzhi. Lattice-contraction triggered synchronous electrochromic actuator. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07241-7
Li, Kerui, Shao, Yuanlong, Yan, Hongping, Lu, Zhi, Griffith, Kent J., Yan, Jinhui, Wang, Gang, Fan, Hongwei, Lu, Jingyu, Huang, Wei, Bao, Bin, Liu, Xuelong, Hou, Chengyi, Zhang, Qinghong, Li, Yaogang, Yu, Junsheng, and Wang, Hongzhi. Thu . "Lattice-contraction triggered synchronous electrochromic actuator". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07241-7. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1490648.
@article{osti_1490648,
title = {Lattice-contraction triggered synchronous electrochromic actuator},
author = {Li, Kerui and Shao, Yuanlong and Yan, Hongping and Lu, Zhi and Griffith, Kent J. and Yan, Jinhui and Wang, Gang and Fan, Hongwei and Lu, Jingyu and Huang, Wei and Bao, Bin and Liu, Xuelong and Hou, Chengyi and Zhang, Qinghong and Li, Yaogang and Yu, Junsheng and Wang, Hongzhi},
abstractNote = {Materials with synchronous capabilities of color change and actuation have prospects for application in biomimetic dual-stealth camouflage and artificial intelligence. However, color/shape dual-responsive devices involve stimuli that are difficult to control such as gas, light or magnetism, and the devices show poor coordination. Here, a flexible composite film with electrochromic/actuating (238° bending angle) dual-responsive phenomena, excellent reversibility, high synchronization, and fast response speed (< 5 s) utilizes a single active component, W18O49 nanowires. From in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction, first principles calculations/numerical simulations, and a series of control experiments, the actuating mechanism for macroscopic deformation is elucidated as pseudocapacitance-based reversible lattice contraction/recovery of W18O49 nanowires (i.e. nanostructure change at the atomic level) during lithium ion intercalation/de-intercalation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the W18O49 nanowires in a solid-state ionic polymer-metal composite actuator that operates stably in air with a significant pseudocapacitive actuation.},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-07241-7},
journal = {Nature Communications},
number = 1,
volume = 9,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Nov 15 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Thu Nov 15 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}

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Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1 Fig. 1 : The dual-responsive performances of as-prepared composite films. a High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image of a single W18O49 nanowire (W18O49NW) (Scale bar: 10 nm); Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images of b surface (Scale bar: 3 μm) and c cross-section (Scale bar: 500 nm) of themore » dual-responsive film; d Schematic illustration of measurement criteria of electrode deformation angles during the electrochemical reaction process in 1 M LiClO4/propylene carbonate (PC) electrolyte; e Digital photographs of synchronous electrochromic/actuating processes of the dual-responsive film. f Ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) transmittance spectra of the dual-responsive film measured at the original state, −0.9, −1.8 and 0.6 V, respectively; g In situ enlarged transmittance response and deformation angle response between the colored and bleached states for the dual-responsive film measured at +0.6 and −0.9 V bias; h In situ current (up) and transmittance (bottom, at 633 nm) responses between the colored and bleached states. i Optical density (OD) as a function of charge density for the dual-responsive film« less

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