Van Allen Probes Measurements of Energetic Particle Deep Penetration Into the Low L Region (L < 4) During the Storm on 8 April 2016
Abstract
In this paper, using measurements from the Van Allen Probes, a penetration event of tens to hundreds of keV electrons and tens of keV protons into the low L shells (L < 4) is studied. Timing and magnetic local time (MLT) differences of energetic particle deep penetration are unveiled and underlying physical processes are examined. During this event, both proton and electron penetrations are MLT asymmetric. The observed MLT difference of proton penetration is consistent with convection of plasma sheet protons, suggesting enhanced convection during geomagnetic active times to be the cause of energetic proton deep penetration during this event. The observed MLT difference of tens to hundreds of keV electron penetration is completely different from tens of keV protons and cannot be well explained by inward radial diffusion, convection of plasma sheet electrons, or transport of trapped electrons by enhanced convection electric field represented by the Volland-Stern model or a uniform dawn-dusk electric field model based on the electric field measurements. Finally, it suggests that the underlying physical mechanism responsible for energetic electron deep penetration, which is very important for fully understanding energetic electron dynamics in the low L shells, should be MLT localized.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[1];
[4];
[4];
[4];
- Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Lab. for Atmospheric and Space Sciences
- Cooperative Inst. for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO (United States); National Centers for Environmental Information, Boulder, CO (United States)
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
- Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA (United States). Space Sciences Dept.
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States). Inst. for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA (United States); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1467373
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-17-31430
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9380
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-06NA25396; NAS5-01072; 967399
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 122; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9380
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; radiation belt; energetic particle deep penetration; Van Allen Probes; convection electric field; low L region
Citation Formats
Zhao, H., Baker, D. N., Califf, S., Li, X., Jaynes, A. N., Leonard, T., Kanekal, S. G., Blake, J. B., Fennell, J. F., Claudepierre, S. G., Turner, D. L., Reeves, G. D., and Spence, H. E. Van Allen Probes Measurements of Energetic Particle Deep Penetration Into the Low L Region (L < 4) During the Storm on 8 April 2016. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1002/2017JA024558.
Zhao, H., Baker, D. N., Califf, S., Li, X., Jaynes, A. N., Leonard, T., Kanekal, S. G., Blake, J. B., Fennell, J. F., Claudepierre, S. G., Turner, D. L., Reeves, G. D., & Spence, H. E. Van Allen Probes Measurements of Energetic Particle Deep Penetration Into the Low L Region (L < 4) During the Storm on 8 April 2016. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024558
Zhao, H., Baker, D. N., Califf, S., Li, X., Jaynes, A. N., Leonard, T., Kanekal, S. G., Blake, J. B., Fennell, J. F., Claudepierre, S. G., Turner, D. L., Reeves, G. D., and Spence, H. E. Mon .
"Van Allen Probes Measurements of Energetic Particle Deep Penetration Into the Low L Region (L < 4) During the Storm on 8 April 2016". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024558. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1467373.
@article{osti_1467373,
title = {Van Allen Probes Measurements of Energetic Particle Deep Penetration Into the Low L Region (L < 4) During the Storm on 8 April 2016},
author = {Zhao, H. and Baker, D. N. and Califf, S. and Li, X. and Jaynes, A. N. and Leonard, T. and Kanekal, S. G. and Blake, J. B. and Fennell, J. F. and Claudepierre, S. G. and Turner, D. L. and Reeves, G. D. and Spence, H. E.},
abstractNote = {In this paper, using measurements from the Van Allen Probes, a penetration event of tens to hundreds of keV electrons and tens of keV protons into the low L shells (L < 4) is studied. Timing and magnetic local time (MLT) differences of energetic particle deep penetration are unveiled and underlying physical processes are examined. During this event, both proton and electron penetrations are MLT asymmetric. The observed MLT difference of proton penetration is consistent with convection of plasma sheet protons, suggesting enhanced convection during geomagnetic active times to be the cause of energetic proton deep penetration during this event. The observed MLT difference of tens to hundreds of keV electron penetration is completely different from tens of keV protons and cannot be well explained by inward radial diffusion, convection of plasma sheet electrons, or transport of trapped electrons by enhanced convection electric field represented by the Volland-Stern model or a uniform dawn-dusk electric field model based on the electric field measurements. Finally, it suggests that the underlying physical mechanism responsible for energetic electron deep penetration, which is very important for fully understanding energetic electron dynamics in the low L shells, should be MLT localized.},
doi = {10.1002/2017JA024558},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics},
number = 12,
volume = 122,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Nov 06 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Mon Nov 06 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 19 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Plasma sheet access to geosynchronous orbit
journal, November 1999
- Korth, H.; Thomsen, M. F.; Borovsky, J. E.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 104, Issue A11
Average plasma properties in the central plasma sheet
journal, June 1989
- Baumjohann, W.; Paschmann, G.; Cattell, C. A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 94, Issue A6
Spatial distributions of the ion to electron temperature ratio in the magnetosheath and plasma sheet: ION TO ELECTRON TEMPERATURE RATIO
journal, August 2012
- Wang, Chih-Ping; Gkioulidou, Matina; Lyons, Larry R.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A8
Injection of electrons and protons with energies of tens of MeV into L < 3 on 24 March 1991
journal, April 1992
- Blake, J. B.; Kolasinski, W. A.; Fillius, R. W.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 8
Van Allen Probes show that the inner radiation zone contains no MeV electrons: ECT/MagEIS data
journal, March 2015
- Fennell, J. F.; Claudepierre, S. G.; Blake, J. B.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 5
A semiempirical model of large-scale magnetospheric electric fields
journal, January 1973
- Volland, H.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 78, Issue 1
The Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) on RBSP
journal, June 2013
- Kletzing, C. A.; Kurth, W. S.; Acuna, M.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
Energetic electron injections deep into the inner magnetosphere associated with substorm activity: Energetic particle injections at low L
journal, April 2015
- Turner, D. L.; Claudepierre, S. G.; Fennell, J. F.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 7
Simulation of the prompt energization and transport of radiation belt particles during the March 24, 1991 SSC
journal, November 1993
- Li, Xinlin; Roth, I.; Temerin, M.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 20, Issue 22
Observation and modeling of energetic particles at synchronous orbit on July 29, 1977
journal, January 1982
- Baker, D. N.; Fritz, T. A.; Wilken, B.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 87, Issue A8
Simulation of proton radiation belt formation during the March 24, 1991 SSC
journal, February 1995
- Hudson, M. K.; Kotelnikov, A. D.; Li, X.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 22, Issue 3
The Electric Field and Waves Instruments on the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission
journal, October 2013
- Wygant, J. R.; Bonnell, J. W.; Goetz, K.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
Magnetospheric plasma pressures in the midnight meridian: Observations from 2.5 to 35 R E
journal, January 1989
- Spence, Harlan E.; Kivelson, Margaret G.; Walker, Raymond J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 94, Issue A5
Storm time dynamics of ring current protons: Implications for the long‐term energy budget in the inner magnetosphere
journal, May 2016
- Gkioulidou, Matina; Ukhorskiy, A. Y.; Mitchell, D. G.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 10
A study of the electric field in an open magnetospheric model
journal, November 1973
- Stern, David P.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 78, Issue 31
An extreme distortion of the Van Allen belt arising from the ‘Hallowe'en’ solar storm in 2003
journal, December 2004
- Baker, D. N.; Kanekal, S. G.; Li, X.
- Nature, Vol. 432, Issue 7019
Helium, Oxygen, Proton, and Electron (HOPE) Mass Spectrometer for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission
journal, March 2013
- Funsten, H. O.; Skoug, R. M.; Guthrie, A. A.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
Radiation Belt Storm Probes Ion Composition Experiment (RBSPICE)
journal, April 2013
- Mitchell, D. G.; Lanzerotti, L. J.; Kim, C. K.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
Prompt injections of highly relativistic electrons induced by interplanetary shocks: A statistical study of Van Allen Probes observations: Shock-Induced Injections and Depletions
journal, December 2016
- Schiller, Q.; Kanekal, S. G.; Jian, L. K.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 24
The complex nature of storm-time ion dynamics: Transport and local acceleration: STORm-tiME ION DYNAMICS
journal, October 2016
- Denton, M. H.; Reeves, G. D.; Thomsen, M. F.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 19
Equilibrium structure of radiation belt electrons
journal, May 1973
- Lyons, Lawrence R.; Thorne, Richard Mansergh
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 78, Issue 13
Substorm onsets observed by CRRES: Determination of energetic particle source regions
journal, June 1996
- Friedel, R. H. W.; Korth, A.; Kremser, G.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 101, Issue A6
A Long-Lived Relativistic Electron Storage Ring Embedded in Earth's Outer Van Allen Belt
journal, February 2013
- Baker, D. N.; Kanekal, S. G.; Hoxie, V. C.
- Science, Vol. 340, Issue 6129
Isolated cold plasma regions: Observations and their relation to possible production mechanisms
journal, March 1975
- Maynard, N. C.; Chen, A. J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 80, Issue 7
Understanding the dynamic evolution of the relativistic electron slot region including radial and pitch angle diffusion: BRIEF REPORT
journal, October 2011
- Kim, Kyung-Chan; Shprits, Yuri; Subbotin, Dmitriy
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 116, Issue A10
Peculiar pitch angle distribution of relativistic electrons in the inner radiation belt and slot region
journal, April 2014
- Zhao, H.; Li, X.; Blake, J. B.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 7
Modeling energetic particle injections in dynamic pulse fields with varying propagation speeds
journal, January 2002
- Sarris, Theodore E.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, Issue A3
Modeling the deep penetration of outer belt electrons during the “Halloween” magnetic storm in 2003: DEEP PENETRATION OF MEV ELECTRONS
journal, February 2009
- Li, Xinlin; Barker, A. B.; Baker, D. N.
- Space Weather, Vol. 7, Issue 2
Science Objectives and Rationale for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission
journal, September 2012
- Mauk, B. H.; Fox, N. J.; Kanekal, S. G.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
Reproducing the observed energy-dependent structure of Earth's electron radiation belts during storm recovery with an event-specific diffusion model: Energy-Dependent Structure of the Belts
journal, June 2016
- Ripoll, J. -F.; Reeves, G. D.; Cunningham, G. S.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 11
Science Goals and Overview of the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma (ECT) Suite on NASA’s Van Allen Probes Mission
journal, October 2013
- Spence, H. E.; Reeves, G. D.; Baker, D. N.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4
Works referencing / citing this record:
Characterization and Evolution of Radiation Belt Electron Energy Spectra Based on the Van Allen Probes Measurements
journal, June 2019
- Zhao, H.; Johnston, W. R.; Baker, D. N.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 6
How Sudden, Intense Energetic Electron Enhancements Correlate With the Innermost Plasmapause Locations Under Various Solar Wind Drivers and Geomagnetic Conditions
journal, November 2019
- Khoo, L. ‐Y.; Li, X.; Zhao, H.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 11
Energetic electron enhancements under the radiation belt (L < 1.2) during a non-storm interval on 1 August 2008
journal, January 2019
- Suvorova, Alla V.; Dmitriev, Alexei V.; Parkhomov, Vladimir A.
- Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 37, Issue 6