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Title: Fast piezoelectric valve offering controlled gas injection in magnetically confined fusion plasmas for diagnostic and fuelling purposes

Abstract

In magnetically confined fusion plasmas controlled gas injection is crucial for plasma fuelling as well as for various diagnostic applications such as active spectroscopy. In this paper, we present a new, versatile system for the injection of collimated thermal gas beams into a vacuum chamber. This system consists of a gas pressure chamber, sealed by a custom made piezo valve towards a small capillary for gas injection. The setup can directly be placed inside of the vacuum chamber of fusion devices as it is small and immune against high magnetic fields. This enables gas injection close to the plasma periphery with high duty cycles and fast switch on/off times ≲ 0.5 ms. In this work, we present the design details of this new injection system and a systematic characterization of the beam properties as well as the gas flowrates which can be accomplished. The thin and relatively short capillary yields a small divergence of the injected beam with a half opening angle of 20°. The gas box is designed for pre-fill pressures of 10 mbar up to 100 bars and makes a flowrate accessible from 1018 part/s up to 1023 part/s. It hence is a versatile system for both diagnostic as well as fuelling applications. Finally, the implementation of this system in ASDEX Upgrade will be described and its application for line ratio spectroscopy on helium will be demonstrated on a selected example.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [4];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [5];  [3];  [1];  [5];  [3]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Max Planck Inst. for Plasma Physics, Garching (Germany); Technical Univ. of Munich, Garching (Germany). Physics Dept.
  2. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Engineering Physics
  3. Max Planck Inst. for Plasma Physics, Garching (Germany)
  4. Max Planck Inst. for Plasma Physics, Greifswald (Germany)
  5. Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany). Inst. for Energy- and Climate Research
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); Max Planck Inst. for Plasma Physics, Garching (Germany)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES); European Commission (EC)
Contributing Org.:
ASDEX Upgrade Team
OSTI Identifier:
1466256
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1389657
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0014210; SC0013911; 633053; SC00013911
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Review of Scientific Instruments
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 88; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; vacuum chambers; tokamaks; glow discharges; charged particle spectroscopy; plasma diagnostics; cameras; plasma temperature; friction; capillary flows

Citation Formats

Griener, M., Schmitz, O., Bald, K., Bösser, D., Cavedon, M., De Marné, P., Eich, T., Fuchert, G., Herrmann, A., Kappatou, A., Lunt, T., Rohde, V., Schweer, B., Sochor, M., Stroth, U., Terra, A., and Wolfrum, E. Fast piezoelectric valve offering controlled gas injection in magnetically confined fusion plasmas for diagnostic and fuelling purposes. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1063/1.4978629.
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Griener, M., Schmitz, O., Bald, K., Bösser, D., Cavedon, M., De Marné, P., Eich, T., Fuchert, G., Herrmann, A., Kappatou, A., Lunt, T., Rohde, V., Schweer, B., Sochor, M., Stroth, U., Terra, A., & Wolfrum, E. Fast piezoelectric valve offering controlled gas injection in magnetically confined fusion plasmas for diagnostic and fuelling purposes. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4978629
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Griener, M., Schmitz, O., Bald, K., Bösser, D., Cavedon, M., De Marné, P., Eich, T., Fuchert, G., Herrmann, A., Kappatou, A., Lunt, T., Rohde, V., Schweer, B., Sochor, M., Stroth, U., Terra, A., and Wolfrum, E. Wed . "Fast piezoelectric valve offering controlled gas injection in magnetically confined fusion plasmas for diagnostic and fuelling purposes". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4978629. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1466256.
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@article{osti_1466256,
title = {Fast piezoelectric valve offering controlled gas injection in magnetically confined fusion plasmas for diagnostic and fuelling purposes},
author = {Griener, M. and Schmitz, O. and Bald, K. and Bösser, D. and Cavedon, M. and De Marné, P. and Eich, T. and Fuchert, G. and Herrmann, A. and Kappatou, A. and Lunt, T. and Rohde, V. and Schweer, B. and Sochor, M. and Stroth, U. and Terra, A. and Wolfrum, E.},
abstractNote = {In magnetically confined fusion plasmas controlled gas injection is crucial for plasma fuelling as well as for various diagnostic applications such as active spectroscopy. In this paper, we present a new, versatile system for the injection of collimated thermal gas beams into a vacuum chamber. This system consists of a gas pressure chamber, sealed by a custom made piezo valve towards a small capillary for gas injection. The setup can directly be placed inside of the vacuum chamber of fusion devices as it is small and immune against high magnetic fields. This enables gas injection close to the plasma periphery with high duty cycles and fast switch on/off times ≲ 0.5 ms. In this work, we present the design details of this new injection system and a systematic characterization of the beam properties as well as the gas flowrates which can be accomplished. The thin and relatively short capillary yields a small divergence of the injected beam with a half opening angle of 20°. The gas box is designed for pre-fill pressures of 10 mbar up to 100 bars and makes a flowrate accessible from 1018 part/s up to 1023 part/s. It hence is a versatile system for both diagnostic as well as fuelling applications. Finally, the implementation of this system in ASDEX Upgrade will be described and its application for line ratio spectroscopy on helium will be demonstrated on a selected example.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4978629},
journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
number = 3,
volume = 88,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Mar 29 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Wed Mar 29 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4978629
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Cited by: 19 works
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Works referenced in this record:

Probabilistic lithium beam data analysis
journal, June 2008

High-resolution charge exchange measurements at ASDEX Upgrade
journal, October 2012

  • Viezzer, E.; Pütterich, T.; Dux, R.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4755810

Blob properties in L- and H-mode from gas-puff imaging in ASDEX upgrade
journal, October 2014

Supersonic helium beam diagnostic for fluctuation measurements of electron temperature and density at the Tokamak TEXTOR
journal, June 2012

  • Kruezi, U.; Stoschus, H.; Schweer, B.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4707150

Fast gas injection system for plasma physics experiments
journal, June 1984

  • Bates, S. C.; Burrell, K. H.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 55, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1137845

Feasibility of line-ratio spectroscopy on helium and neon as edge diagnostic tool for Wendelstein 7-X
journal, September 2016

  • Barbui, T.; Krychowiak, M.; König, R.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4962989

Status of electron temperature and density measurement with beam emission spectroscopy on thermal helium at TEXTOR
journal, September 2008

HELIOS: A helium line-ratio spectral-monitoring diagnostic used to generate high resolution profiles near the ion cyclotron resonant heating antenna on TEXTOR
journal, October 2012

  • Unterberg, E. A.; Schmitz, O.; Fehling, D. H.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4739236

Spectroscopic imaging of limiter heat and particle fluxes and the resulting impurity sources during Wendelstein 7-X startup plasmas
journal, August 2016

  • Stephey, L.; Wurden, G. A.; Schmitz, O.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4959274

Improved chopping of a lithium beam for plasma edge diagnostic at ASDEX Upgrade
journal, February 2012

  • Willensdorfer, M.; Wolfrum, E.; Fischer, R.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3682003

Overview of diagnostic performance and results for the first operation phase in Wendelstein 7-X (invited)
journal, October 2016

  • Krychowiak, M.; Adnan, A.; Alonso, A.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4964376

Electron temperature and electron density profiles measured with a thermal He-beam in the plasma boundary of TEXTOR
journal, December 1992

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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    An ultraviolet-visible-near infrared overview spectroscopy for divertor plasma diagnosis on Wendelstein 7-X
    journal, August 2018

    Helium line ratio spectroscopy for high spatiotemporal resolution plasma edge profile measurements at ASDEX Upgrade (invited)
    journal, October 2018

    • Griener, M.; Wolfrum, E.; Cavedon, M.
    • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5034446

    Synthetic helium beam diagnostic and underlying atomic data
    journal, September 2018

    Radiative edge cooling experiments in Wendelstein 7-X start-up limiter campaign
    journal, May 2019

    Lensing properties of rotational gas flow
    journal, January 2018

    • Kaganovich, D.; Johnson, L. A.; Gordon, D. F.
    • Applied Optics, Vol. 57, Issue 31
    • DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.009392

    Lensing properties of rotational gas flow
    text, January 2018

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