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Title: Galinstan liquid metal breakup and droplet formation in a shock-induced cross-flow

Abstract

Liquid metal breakup processes are important for understanding a variety of physical phenomena including metal powder formation, thermal spray coatings, fragmentation in explosive detonations and metalized propellant combustion. Since the breakup behaviors of liquid metals are not well studied, we experimentally investigate the roles of higher density and fast elastic surface oxide formation on breakup morphology and droplet characteristics. This work compares the column breakup of water with Galinstan, a room-temperature eutectic liquid metal alloy of gallium, indium and tin. A shock tube is used to generate a step change in convective velocity and back-lit imaging is used to classify morphologies for Weber numbers up to 250. Digital in-line holography (DIH) is then used to quantitatively capture droplet size, velocity and three-dimensional position information. Differences in geometry between canonical spherical drops and the liquid columns utilized in this paper are likely responsible for observations of earlier transition Weber numbers and uni-modal droplet volume distributions. Scaling laws indicate that Galinstan and water share similar droplet size-velocity trends and root-normal volume probability distributions. Furthermore, measurements indicate that Galinstan breakup occurs earlier in non-dimensional time and produces more non-spherical droplets due to fast oxide formation.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  2. Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
OSTI Identifier:
1444082
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1548233
Report Number(s):
SAND-2018-6044J
Journal ID: ISSN 0301-9322; 664065
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC04-94AL85000; NA0003525
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
International Journal of Multiphase Flow
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 106; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0301-9322
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Liquid metal; Liquid breakup; Shock-induced cross-flow; Galinstan; Digital in-line holography; Droplet quantification

Citation Formats

Chen, Yi, Wagner, Justin L., Farias, Paul Abraham, DeMauro, Edward P., and Guildenbecher, Daniel Robert. Galinstan liquid metal breakup and droplet formation in a shock-induced cross-flow. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.05.015.
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Chen, Yi, Wagner, Justin L., Farias, Paul Abraham, DeMauro, Edward P., & Guildenbecher, Daniel Robert. Galinstan liquid metal breakup and droplet formation in a shock-induced cross-flow. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.05.015
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Chen, Yi, Wagner, Justin L., Farias, Paul Abraham, DeMauro, Edward P., and Guildenbecher, Daniel Robert. Tue . "Galinstan liquid metal breakup and droplet formation in a shock-induced cross-flow". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.05.015. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1444082.
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@article{osti_1444082,
title = {Galinstan liquid metal breakup and droplet formation in a shock-induced cross-flow},
author = {Chen, Yi and Wagner, Justin L. and Farias, Paul Abraham and DeMauro, Edward P. and Guildenbecher, Daniel Robert},
abstractNote = {Liquid metal breakup processes are important for understanding a variety of physical phenomena including metal powder formation, thermal spray coatings, fragmentation in explosive detonations and metalized propellant combustion. Since the breakup behaviors of liquid metals are not well studied, we experimentally investigate the roles of higher density and fast elastic surface oxide formation on breakup morphology and droplet characteristics. This work compares the column breakup of water with Galinstan, a room-temperature eutectic liquid metal alloy of gallium, indium and tin. A shock tube is used to generate a step change in convective velocity and back-lit imaging is used to classify morphologies for Weber numbers up to 250. Digital in-line holography (DIH) is then used to quantitatively capture droplet size, velocity and three-dimensional position information. Differences in geometry between canonical spherical drops and the liquid columns utilized in this paper are likely responsible for observations of earlier transition Weber numbers and uni-modal droplet volume distributions. Scaling laws indicate that Galinstan and water share similar droplet size-velocity trends and root-normal volume probability distributions. Furthermore, measurements indicate that Galinstan breakup occurs earlier in non-dimensional time and produces more non-spherical droplets due to fast oxide formation.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.05.015},
journal = {International Journal of Multiphase Flow},
number = C,
volume = 106,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue May 22 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Tue May 22 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.05.015
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Cited by: 22 works
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Liquid Galinstan in a shockwave-induced cross-flow is shown during (a) the initial shock arrival, (b) bag formation, (c) bag breakup and (d) column breakup. The inset of each image shows a top-view schematic of the visually estimated breakup morphology, illustrated in shades of red. (e) A single Galinstanmore » droplet illustrates how oxide skin formation prevents the droplet from becoming fully spherical.« less
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Comparison of simulation and experiments for multimode aerodynamic breakup of a liquid metal column in a shock-induced cross-flow
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    • Arienti, Marco; Ballard, Matthew; Sussman, Mark
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