Investigating Sintering Mechanisms for Additive Manufacturing of Conductive Traces

McKenzie, Jasmine; Desai, Salil

doi:10.3844/ajeassp.2018.652.662

Title: Investigating Sintering Mechanisms for Additive Manufacturing of Conductive Traces

Abstract

Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes enable the fabrication of miniaturized and flexible devices on complex geometries. This paper explores a hybrid additive manufacturing technology that integrates micro-extrusion and PICO-jetting methods. Conductive slurries and colloidal inks were optimized for their rheological properties to aid their precise deposition. A variety of conductive materials which include carbon, silver, nano-particle silver and nickel were deposited on both rigid (glass) and flexible (Kapton) substrates. The deposited traces were cured using two sintering mechanisms which include furnace heating and in situ laser irradiation. The effect of curing mechanism on the conductance of deposited traces was evaluated. The results indicated that traces could be cured successfully with the laser curing mechanism. Nickel and silver laser cured traces had lower resistivity than the furnace sintered traces. An increase in the laser power resulted in lower resistivity of the traces. The lowest resistivity was achieved at 40W laser power with a single laser pass. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to characterize the trace morphology and elemental compositions. Higher power laser curing resulted in better bonding of the particles. Laser cured samples had minimal oxidation to the cross-section region of the traces as compared to furnace curedmore »« less

Authors:

McKenzie, Jasmine ^[1]; Desai, Salil ^[1]

North Carolina A & T State Univ., Greensboro, NC (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Mar 05 00:00:00 EST 2018

Research Org.:: North Carolina A & T State Univ., Greensboro, NC (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE; National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1439168

Grant/Contract Number:: NA000268; NA0003686; ECCS-1542174

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 11; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1941-7020

Publisher:: Science Publications

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 42 ENGINEERING; Additive Manufacturing; Electronics; Laser Curing; Multiphase Material; Sintering Mechanism

Citation Formats


                    McKenzie, Jasmine, and Desai, Salil. Investigating Sintering Mechanisms for Additive Manufacturing of Conductive Traces.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.3844/ajeassp.2018.652.662.

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                    McKenzie, Jasmine, & Desai, Salil. Investigating Sintering Mechanisms for Additive Manufacturing of Conductive Traces.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2018.652.662

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                    McKenzie, Jasmine, and Desai, Salil. Mon .  
"Investigating Sintering Mechanisms for Additive Manufacturing of Conductive Traces".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2018.652.662.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1439168.

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@article{osti_1439168,

  title        = {Investigating Sintering Mechanisms for Additive Manufacturing of Conductive Traces},

  author       = {McKenzie, Jasmine and Desai, Salil},

  abstractNote = {Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes enable the fabrication of miniaturized and flexible devices on complex geometries. This paper explores a hybrid additive manufacturing technology that integrates micro-extrusion and PICO-jetting methods. Conductive slurries and colloidal inks were optimized for their rheological properties to aid their precise deposition. A variety of conductive materials which include carbon, silver, nano-particle silver and nickel were deposited on both rigid (glass) and flexible (Kapton) substrates. The deposited traces were cured using two sintering mechanisms which include furnace heating and in situ laser irradiation. The effect of curing mechanism on the conductance of deposited traces was evaluated. The results indicated that traces could be cured successfully with the laser curing mechanism. Nickel and silver laser cured traces had lower resistivity than the furnace sintered traces. An increase in the laser power resulted in lower resistivity of the traces. The lowest resistivity was achieved at 40W laser power with a single laser pass. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to characterize the trace morphology and elemental compositions. Higher power laser curing resulted in better bonding of the particles. Laser cured samples had minimal oxidation to the cross-section region of the traces as compared to furnace cured samples. Furthermore, this research lays the foundation for the fabrication of electronic components for a high level of freeform 3D electronics using a hybrid additive manufacturing technology.},

  doi          = {10.3844/ajeassp.2018.652.662},

  journal      = {American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 11,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Mar 05 00:00:00 EST 2018},

  month        = {Mon Mar 05 00:00:00 EST 2018}

}

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Works referenced in this record:

3D Printing multifunctionality: structures with electronics
journal, March 2014

Espalin, David; Muse, Danny W.; MacDonald, Eric
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 72, Issue 5-8
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NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis
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Schneider, Caroline A.; Rasband, Wayne S.; Eliceiri, Kevin W.
Nature Methods, Vol. 9, Issue 7
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Electrical sintering of nanoparticle structures
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Allen, Mark L.; Aronniemi, Mikko; Mattila, Tomi
Nanotechnology, Vol. 19, Issue 17
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Understanding Hybrid Additive Manufacturing of Functional Devices
journal, January 2017

Parupelli, Santosh Kumar; Desai, Salil
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 10, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2017.264.271

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Title: Investigating Sintering Mechanisms for Additive Manufacturing of Conductive Traces

Abstract

Citation Formats

3D Printing multifunctionality: structures with electronics journal, March 2014

NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis journal, June 2012

Electrical sintering of nanoparticle structures journal, March 2008

Understanding Hybrid Additive Manufacturing of Functional Devices journal, January 2017

3D Printing multifunctionality: structures with electronics
journal, March 2014

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journal, June 2012

Electrical sintering of nanoparticle structures
journal, March 2008

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journal, January 2017