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Title: Pulse-resolved intensity measurements at a hard X-ray FEL using semi-transparent diamond detectors

Abstract

Solid-state ionization chambers are presented based on thin diamond crystals that allow pulse-resolved intensity measurements at a hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL), up to the 4.5 MHz repetition rate that will become available at the European XFEL. Due to the small X-ray absorption of diamond the thin detectors are semi-transparent which eases their use as non-invasive monitoring devices in the beam. FELs are characterized by strong pulse-to-pulse intensity fluctuations due to the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) process and in many experiments it is mandatory to monitor the intensity of each individual pulse. Two diamond detectors with different electrode materials, beryllium and graphite, were tested as intensity monitors at the XCS endstation of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) using the pink SASE beam at 9 keV. The performance is compared with LCLS standard monitors that detect X-rays backscattered from thin SiN foils placed in the beam. In conclusion, the graphite detector can also be used as a beam position monitor although with rather coarse resolution.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [6];  [2];  [2]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld (Germany); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble (France)
  2. European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld (Germany)
  3. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  4. Micron Semiconductors Ltd., Lancing (United Kingdom)
  5. Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal Univ., Kalinigrad (Russian Federation)
  6. Univ. Augsburg, Augsburg (Germany)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1417650
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (Online); Journal Volume: 25; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1600-5775
Publisher:
International Union of Crystallography
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; XFEL; diamond detector; X-ray intensity measurement

Citation Formats

Roth, Thomas, Freund, Wolfgang, Boesenberg, Ulrike, Carini, Gabriella, Song, Sanghoon, Lefeuvre, Gwenaelle, Goikhman, Alexander, Fischer, Martin, Schreck, Matthias, Grunert, Jan, and Madsen, Anders. Pulse-resolved intensity measurements at a hard X-ray FEL using semi-transparent diamond detectors. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1107/S1600577517015016.
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Roth, Thomas, Freund, Wolfgang, Boesenberg, Ulrike, Carini, Gabriella, Song, Sanghoon, Lefeuvre, Gwenaelle, Goikhman, Alexander, Fischer, Martin, Schreck, Matthias, Grunert, Jan, & Madsen, Anders. Pulse-resolved intensity measurements at a hard X-ray FEL using semi-transparent diamond detectors. United States. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577517015016
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Roth, Thomas, Freund, Wolfgang, Boesenberg, Ulrike, Carini, Gabriella, Song, Sanghoon, Lefeuvre, Gwenaelle, Goikhman, Alexander, Fischer, Martin, Schreck, Matthias, Grunert, Jan, and Madsen, Anders. Mon . "Pulse-resolved intensity measurements at a hard X-ray FEL using semi-transparent diamond detectors". United States. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577517015016. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1417650.
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@article{osti_1417650,
title = {Pulse-resolved intensity measurements at a hard X-ray FEL using semi-transparent diamond detectors},
author = {Roth, Thomas and Freund, Wolfgang and Boesenberg, Ulrike and Carini, Gabriella and Song, Sanghoon and Lefeuvre, Gwenaelle and Goikhman, Alexander and Fischer, Martin and Schreck, Matthias and Grunert, Jan and Madsen, Anders},
abstractNote = {Solid-state ionization chambers are presented based on thin diamond crystals that allow pulse-resolved intensity measurements at a hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL), up to the 4.5 MHz repetition rate that will become available at the European XFEL. Due to the small X-ray absorption of diamond the thin detectors are semi-transparent which eases their use as non-invasive monitoring devices in the beam. FELs are characterized by strong pulse-to-pulse intensity fluctuations due to the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) process and in many experiments it is mandatory to monitor the intensity of each individual pulse. Two diamond detectors with different electrode materials, beryllium and graphite, were tested as intensity monitors at the XCS endstation of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) using the pink SASE beam at 9 keV. The performance is compared with LCLS standard monitors that detect X-rays backscattered from thin SiN foils placed in the beam. In conclusion, the graphite detector can also be used as a beam position monitor although with rather coarse resolution.},
doi = {10.1107/S1600577517015016},
journal = {Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (Online)},
number = 1,
volume = 25,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577517015016
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Cited by: 9 works
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Top: absorption in Si and diamond as a function of photon energy. Bottom: energy deposited per atom and per pulse for different materials, calculated for a detector placed 30 cm upstream of the sample position at the MID station of the European XFEL in a pink SASE beam.more » The beam size is calculated assuming one of the standard focusing schemes available at MID (collimated, then focused) (Madsen et al., 2013). The ablation (graphitization) threshold is at approximately 1 ev (0.7 ev) absorbed energy per atom and per pulse. The step at around 8 keV comes from different operation modes at the European XFEL.« less
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Development of a hard X-ray split-and-delay line and performance simulations for two-color pump-probe experiments at the European XFEL
    journal, June 2018

    • Lu, W.; Friedrich, B.; Noll, T.
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    Thermomechanical response of thickly tamped targets and diamond anvil cells under pulsed hard x-ray irradiation
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    Pulse power measurements and attenuator characterization of the hard X-ray beamline at the Linac Coherent Light Source
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    • Song, Sanghoon; Alonso-Mori, Roberto; Chollet, Matthieu
    • X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers: Advances in Source Development and Instrumentation V
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    X-ray photon diagnostics at the European XFEL
    text, January 2019

    • Grünert, Jan; Carbonell, Marc Planas; Dietrich, Florian
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    Pulse power measurements and attenuator characterization of the hard X-ray beamline at the Linac Coherent Light Source
    text, January 2019

    • Song, Sanghoon; Alonso-Mori, Roberto; Chollet, Matthieu
    • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
    • DOI: 10.3204/pubdb-2019-05100
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