Revealing the Coulomb interaction strength in a cuprate superconductor

Yang, S. -L.; Sobota, J. A.; He, Y.; Wang, Y.; Leuenberger, D.; Soifer, H.; Hashimoto, M.; Lu, D. H.; Eisaki, H.; Moritz, B.; Devereaux, T. P.; Kirchmann, P. S.; Shen, Z. -X.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.245112

Title: Revealing the Coulomb interaction strength in a cuprate superconductor

Abstract

Here, we study optimally doped Bi ₂ Sr ₂ Ca _0.92Y_0.08 Cu ₂ O _{8 + δ} (Bi2212) using angle-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy. Three spectral features are resolved near 1.5, 2.7, and 3.6 eV above the Fermi level. By tuning the photon energy, we determine that the 2.7-eV feature arises predominantly from unoccupied states. The 1.5- and 3.6-eV features reflect unoccupied states whose spectral intensities are strongly modulated by the corresponding occupied states. These unoccupied states are thus consistent with the prediction from a cluster perturbation theory based on the single-band Hubbard model. Through this comparison, a Coulomb interaction strength U of 2.7 eV is extracted. Our study complements equilibrium photoemission spectroscopy and provides a direct spectroscopic measurement of the unoccupied states in cuprates. The determined Coulomb U indicates that the charge-transfer gap of optimally doped Bi2212 is 1.1 eV.

Authors:

Yang, S. -L. ^[1]; Sobota, J. A. ^[2]; He, Y. ^[1]; Wang, Y. ^[1]; Leuenberger, D. ^[1]; Soifer, H. ^[3]; Hashimoto, M. ^[4]; Lu, D. H. ^[4]; Eisaki, H. ^[5]; Moritz, B. ^[3]; Devereaux, T. P. ^[3]; Kirchmann, P. S. ^[3]; Shen, Z. -X. ^[1]

SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Inst. for Materials and Energy Sciences; Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Geballe Lab. for Advanced Materials, Dept. of Physics and Applied Physics
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Inst. for Materials and Energy Sciences; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Inst. for Materials and Energy Sciences
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
National Inst. of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba (Japan). Electronics and Photonics Research Inst.

Publication Date:: Fri Dec 08 00:00:00 EST 2017

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1417290

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1412001

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; P300P2151328

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review B

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 96; Journal Issue: 24; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9950

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY

Citation Formats


                    Yang, S. -L., Sobota, J. A., He, Y., Wang, Y., Leuenberger, D., Soifer, H., Hashimoto, M., Lu, D. H., Eisaki, H., Moritz, B., Devereaux, T. P., Kirchmann, P. S., and Shen, Z. -X. Revealing the Coulomb interaction strength in a cuprate superconductor.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.245112.

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                    Yang, S. -L., Sobota, J. A., He, Y., Wang, Y., Leuenberger, D., Soifer, H., Hashimoto, M., Lu, D. H., Eisaki, H., Moritz, B., Devereaux, T. P., Kirchmann, P. S., & Shen, Z. -X. Revealing the Coulomb interaction strength in a cuprate superconductor.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.96.245112

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                    Yang, S. -L., Sobota, J. A., He, Y., Wang, Y., Leuenberger, D., Soifer, H., Hashimoto, M., Lu, D. H., Eisaki, H., Moritz, B., Devereaux, T. P., Kirchmann, P. S., and Shen, Z. -X. Fri .  
"Revealing the Coulomb interaction strength in a cuprate superconductor".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.96.245112.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1417290.

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@article{osti_1417290,

  title        = {Revealing the Coulomb interaction strength in a cuprate superconductor},

  author       = {Yang, S. -L. and Sobota, J. A. and He, Y. and Wang, Y. and Leuenberger, D. and Soifer, H. and Hashimoto, M. and Lu, D. H. and Eisaki, H. and Moritz, B. and Devereaux, T. P. and Kirchmann, P. S. and Shen, Z. -X.},

  abstractNote = {Here, we study optimally doped Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 0.92 Y 0.08 Cu 2 O 8 + δ (Bi2212) using angle-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy. Three spectral features are resolved near 1.5, 2.7, and 3.6 eV above the Fermi level. By tuning the photon energy, we determine that the 2.7-eV feature arises predominantly from unoccupied states. The 1.5- and 3.6-eV features reflect unoccupied states whose spectral intensities are strongly modulated by the corresponding occupied states. These unoccupied states are thus consistent with the prediction from a cluster perturbation theory based on the single-band Hubbard model. Through this comparison, a Coulomb interaction strength U of 2.7 eV is extracted. Our study complements equilibrium photoemission spectroscopy and provides a direct spectroscopic measurement of the unoccupied states in cuprates. The determined Coulomb U indicates that the charge-transfer gap of optimally doped Bi2212 is 1.1 eV.},

  doi          = {10.1103/physrevb.96.245112},

  journal      = {Physical Review B},

  number       = 24,

  volume       = 96,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Dec 08 00:00:00 EST 2017},

  month        = {Fri Dec 08 00:00:00 EST 2017}

}

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Figure 1: Overview of the two-photon photoemission (2PPE) data on OP96 Bi2212 at 20 K. (a) Illustration of the ARPES and 2PPE processes. E_F, E_un, and E_vac are defined in the text. (b) 2PPE spectrum along the Brillouin zone diagonal. At the zone center, features α, β, and γ aremore »

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Title: Revealing the Coulomb interaction strength in a cuprate superconductor

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

High-Energy Scale Revival and Giant Kink in the Dispersion of a Cuprate Superconductor journal, April 2007

Orientation of the O 2 p holes in Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O 8 journal, December 1988

One-band tight-binding model parametrization of the high- T c cuprates including the effect of k z dispersion journal, August 2005

Effect of bismuth on high- T c cuprate superconductors: Electronic structure of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 journal, April 1988

Empty states near the Fermi level in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 journal, April 1989

Band gaps and electronic structure of transition-metal compounds journal, July 1985

Comparison of the empty electronic states of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 (001) and Bi 2 Sr 2 CuO 6 (001) at 60 and 300 K journal, October 1990

Resolving unoccupied electronic states with laser ARPES in bismuth-based cuprate superconductors journal, February 2015

Invited Article: High resolution angle resolved photoemission with tabletop 11 eV laser journal, January 2016

Unoccupied electronic states of the high-temperature superconductor Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 investigated by two-photon photoemission spectroscopy journal, October 2004

Effect of strong correlations on the high energy anomaly in hole- and electron-doped high- T c superconductors journal, September 2009

Cluster perturbation theory for Hubbard models journal, August 2002

Relationship between the parent charge transfer gap and maximum transition temperature in cuprates journal, December 2016

Surface study of the 83-K superconductor Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 by low-energy electron diffraction and angle-resolved inverse photoemission spectroscopy journal, April 1989

Spectral Weight of the Hubbard Model through Cluster Perturbation Theory journal, January 2000

Effective Hamiltonian for the superconducting Cu oxides journal, March 1988

Electronic structure and properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8, the third high-Tc superconductor journal, May 1988

Fermi arcs in a doped pseudospin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet journal, June 2014

Time-resolved two-photon photoemission from metal surfaces journal, October 2002

Angle-resolved photoemission studies of the cuprate superconductors journal, April 2003

Experimental Proof of a Structural Origin for the Shadow Fermi Surface of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 + δ journal, March 2006

Intrinsic electron and hole bands in electron-doped cuprate superconductors journal, January 2009

Abrupt onset of a second energy gap at the superconducting transition of underdoped Bi2212 journal, November 2007

Origin of strong dispersion in Hubbard insulators journal, August 2015

Anderson Hamiltonian description of the experimental electronic structure and magnetic interactions of copper oxide superconductors journal, December 1987

Calculated inverse photoemission cross sections from adsorbed molecules journal, June 1985

Ultrafast Optical Excitation of a Persistent Surface-State Population in the Topological Insulator Bi 2 Se 3 journal, March 2012

Charge-transfer spectrum and its temperature dependence in La 2 CuO 4 journal, August 1992

Visualizing the atomic-scale electronic structure of the Ca2CuO2Cl2 Mott insulator journal, January 2013

From quantum matter to high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides journal, February 2015

Metal-insulator transitions journal, October 1998

Fermi surface evolution and collapse of the Mott pseudogap in Nd 2 − x Ce x CuO 4 ± δ journal, October 2002

The optical study of the doping effect in single-crystal Bi2Sr2(Ca, A)Cu2O8+x (A=YorNd) journal, January 1990

Particle–hole symmetry breaking in the pseudogap state of Bi2201 journal, April 2010

Ultrafast Photoemission Spectroscopy of the Uranium Dioxide UO 2 Mott Insulator: Evidence for a Robust Energy Gap Structure journal, February 2014

Resonant inverse photoemission of Bi 2 Ca 1 + x Sr 2 − x Cu 2 O 8 + y and Y Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 − x , unoccupied oxygen states, and plasmons journal, February 1989

Chemical potential jump between the hole-doped and electron-doped sides of ambipolar high- T c cuprate superconductors journal, July 2010

Experimental Dispersions of Conduction Bands in Bi 2 CaSr 2 Cu 2 O 8 journal, November 1990

Angle-resolved inverse photoemission study of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 journal, May 1991

Electronic structure of Bi 2 CaSr 2 Cu 2 O 8 determined by a combined analysis of various polarized x-ray-absorption spectra journal, March 1992

Effect of chemical inhomogeneity in bismuth-based copper oxide superconductors journal, February 2004

Optical conductivity spectra and electronic structure of Bi2Sr2(Y1−xCax)Cu2Oy system journal, January 1999

Charge dynamics of Ca 2 − x Na x CuO 2 Cl 2 as a correlated electron system with the ideal tetragonal lattice journal, October 2004

Evidence for ubiquitous strong electron–phonon coupling in high-temperature superconductors journal, August 2001

Time-Resolved Coherent Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Quantized Electronic States on Metal Surfaces journal, September 1997

Two-photon photoemission of high-temperature superconductor Bi2212 journal, June 2002

Direct Optical Coupling to an Unoccupied Dirac Surface State in the Topological Insulator Bi 2 Se 3 journal, September 2013

Doping a Mott insulator: Physics of high-temperature superconductivity journal, January 2006

Femtosecond time-resolved two-photon photoemission studies of electron dynamics in metals journal, December 1997

Visualizing the evolution from the Mott insulator to a charge-ordered insulator in lightly doped cuprates journal, August 2016

Polarized x-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the symmetry of unoccupied electronic states near the Fermi level in the system journal, April 1996

Emergence of preformed Cooper pairs from the doped Mott insulating state in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ journal, November 2008

Theoretical understanding of photon spectroscopies in correlated materials in and out of equilibrium journal, August 2018

Probing the lattice anharmonicity of superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ via phonon harmonics journal, November 2019

Band resolved imaging of photocurrent in a topological insulator text, January 2017

High-Energy Scale Revival and Giant Kink in the Dispersion of a Cuprate Superconductor
journal, April 2007

Orientation of the $O 2 p$ holes in ${Bi}_{2}$ ${Sr}_{2}$ ${Ca}_{1}$ ${Cu}_{2}$ $O_{8}$
journal, December 1988

One-band tight-binding model parametrization of the high- $T_{c}$ cuprates including the effect of $k_{z}$ dispersion
journal, August 2005

Effect of bismuth on high- $T_{c}$ cuprate superconductors: Electronic structure of ${Bi}_{2}$ ${Sr}_{2}$ ${CaCu}_{2}$ $O_{8}$
journal, April 1988

Empty states near the Fermi level in ${Bi}_{2}$ ${Sr}_{2}$ ${CaCu}_{2}$ $O_{8}$
journal, April 1989

Band gaps and electronic structure of transition-metal compounds
journal, July 1985

Comparison of the empty electronic states of ${Bi}_{2}$ ${Sr}_{2}$ ${CaCu}_{2}$ $O_{8}$ (001) and ${Bi}_{2}$ ${Sr}_{2}$ ${CuO}_{6}$ (001) at 60 and 300 K
journal, October 1990

Resolving unoccupied electronic states with laser ARPES in bismuth-based cuprate superconductors
journal, February 2015

Invited Article: High resolution angle resolved photoemission with tabletop 11 eV laser
journal, January 2016

Unoccupied electronic states of the high-temperature superconductor ${Bi}_{2} {Sr}_{2} {CaCu}_{2} O_{8}$ investigated by two-photon photoemission spectroscopy
journal, October 2004

Effect of strong correlations on the high energy anomaly in hole- and electron-doped high- T _c superconductors
journal, September 2009

Cluster perturbation theory for Hubbard models
journal, August 2002

Relationship between the parent charge transfer gap and maximum transition temperature in cuprates
journal, December 2016

Surface study of the 83-K superconductor ${Bi}_{2}$ ${Sr}_{2}$ ${CaCu}_{2}$ $O_{8}$ by low-energy electron diffraction and angle-resolved inverse photoemission spectroscopy
journal, April 1989

Spectral Weight of the Hubbard Model through Cluster Perturbation Theory
journal, January 2000

Effective Hamiltonian for the superconducting Cu oxides
journal, March 1988

Electronic structure and properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8, the third high-Tc superconductor
journal, May 1988

Fermi arcs in a doped pseudospin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet
journal, June 2014

Time-resolved two-photon photoemission from metal surfaces
journal, October 2002

Angle-resolved photoemission studies of the cuprate superconductors
journal, April 2003

Experimental Proof of a Structural Origin for the Shadow Fermi Surface of ${Bi}_{2} {Sr}_{2} {CaCu}_{2} O_{8 + δ}$
journal, March 2006

Intrinsic electron and hole bands in electron-doped cuprate superconductors
journal, January 2009

Abrupt onset of a second energy gap at the superconducting transition of underdoped Bi2212
journal, November 2007

Origin of strong dispersion in Hubbard insulators
journal, August 2015

Anderson Hamiltonian description of the experimental electronic structure and magnetic interactions of copper oxide superconductors
journal, December 1987

Calculated inverse photoemission cross sections from adsorbed molecules
journal, June 1985

Ultrafast Optical Excitation of a Persistent Surface-State Population in the Topological Insulator ${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$
journal, March 2012

Charge-transfer spectrum and its temperature dependence in ${La}_{2}$ ${CuO}_{4}$
journal, August 1992

Visualizing the atomic-scale electronic structure of the Ca2CuO2Cl2 Mott insulator
journal, January 2013

From quantum matter to high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides
journal, February 2015

Metal-insulator transitions
journal, October 1998

Fermi surface evolution and collapse of the Mott pseudogap in ${Nd}_{2 - x} {Ce}_{x} {CuO}_{4 \pm δ}$
journal, October 2002

The optical study of the doping effect in single-crystal Bi2Sr2(Ca, A)Cu2O8+x (A=YorNd)
journal, January 1990

Particle–hole symmetry breaking in the pseudogap state of Bi2201
journal, April 2010

Ultrafast Photoemission Spectroscopy of the Uranium Dioxide ${UO}_{2}$ Mott Insulator: Evidence for a Robust Energy Gap Structure
journal, February 2014

Resonant inverse photoemission of ${Bi}_{2} {Ca}_{1 + x} {Sr}_{2 - x} {Cu}_{2} O_{8 + y}$ and $Y {Ba}_{2} {Cu}_{3} O_{7 - x}$ , unoccupied oxygen states, and plasmons
journal, February 1989

Chemical potential jump between the hole-doped and electron-doped sides of ambipolar high- $T_{c}$ cuprate superconductors
journal, July 2010

Experimental Dispersions of Conduction Bands in Bi ₂ CaSr ₂ Cu ₂ O ₈
journal, November 1990

Angle-resolved inverse photoemission study of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8
journal, May 1991

Electronic structure of ${Bi}_{2}$ ${CaSr}_{2}$ ${Cu}_{2}$ $O_{8}$ determined by a combined analysis of various polarized x-ray-absorption spectra
journal, March 1992

Effect of chemical inhomogeneity in bismuth-based copper oxide superconductors
journal, February 2004

Optical conductivity spectra and electronic structure of Bi2Sr2(Y1−xCax)Cu2Oy system
journal, January 1999

Charge dynamics of ${Ca}_{2 - x} {Na}_{x} {CuO}_{2} {Cl}_{2}$ as a correlated electron system with the ideal tetragonal lattice
journal, October 2004

Evidence for ubiquitous strong electron–phonon coupling in high-temperature superconductors
journal, August 2001

Time-Resolved Coherent Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Quantized Electronic States on Metal Surfaces
journal, September 1997

Two-photon photoemission of high-temperature superconductor Bi2212
journal, June 2002

Direct Optical Coupling to an Unoccupied Dirac Surface State in the Topological Insulator ${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$
journal, September 2013

Doping a Mott insulator: Physics of high-temperature superconductivity
journal, January 2006

Femtosecond time-resolved two-photon photoemission studies of electron dynamics in metals
journal, December 1997

Visualizing the evolution from the Mott insulator to a charge-ordered insulator in lightly doped cuprates
journal, August 2016

Polarized x-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the symmetry of unoccupied electronic states near the Fermi level in the system
journal, April 1996

Emergence of preformed Cooper pairs from the doped Mott insulating state in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ
journal, November 2008

Theoretical understanding of photon spectroscopies in correlated materials in and out of equilibrium
journal, August 2018

Probing the lattice anharmonicity of superconducting ${YBa}_{2} {Cu}_{3} O_{7 - δ}$ via phonon harmonics
journal, November 2019

Band resolved imaging of photocurrent in a topological insulator
text, January 2017