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Title: The influence of seawater carbonate chemistry, mineralogy, and diagenesis on calcium isotope variations in Lower-Middle Triassic carbonate rocks

Abstract

The geological calcium cycle is linked to the geological carbon cycle through the weathering and burial of carbonate rocks. As a result, calcium (Ca) isotope ratios ( 44 Ca/ 40 Ca, expressed as δ 44/40 Ca) can help to constrain ancient carbon cycle dynamics if Ca cycle behavior can be reconstructed. But, the δ 44/40 Ca of carbonate rocks is influenced not only by the δ 44/40 Ca of seawater but also by diagenetic processes and fractionation associated with carbonate precipitation. In this study, we investigate the dominant controls on carbonate δ 44/40 Ca in Upper Permian to Middle Triassic limestones (ca. 253 to 244 Ma) from south China and Turkey. This time interval is ideal for assessing controls on Ca isotope ratios in carbonate rocks because fluctuations in seawater δ 44/40 Ca may be expected based on several large carbon isotope (δ 13 C) excursions ranging from -2 to + 8‰. Parallel negative δ 13 C and δ 44/40 Ca excursions were previously identified across the end-Permian extinction horizon. Here, we find a second negative excursion in δ 44/40 Ca of ~ 0.2‰ within Lower Triassic strata in both south China and Turkey; however, this excursion is not synchronousmore » between regions and thus cannot be interpreted to reflect secular change in the δ 44/40 Ca of global seawater. Additionally, δ 44/40 Ca values from Turkey are consistently 0.3‰ lower than contemporaneous samples from south China, providing further support for local or regional influences. By measuring δ 44/40 Ca and Sr concentrations ([Sr]) in two stratigraphic sections located at opposite margins of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, we can determine whether the data represent global conditions (e.g., secular variations in the δ 44/40 Ca of seawater) versus local controls (e.g., original mineralogy or diagenetic alteration). The [Sr] and δ 44/40 Ca data from this study are best described statistically by a log-linear correlation that also exists in many previously published datasets of various geological ages. By using a model of early marine diagenetic water-rock interaction, we illustrate that this general correlation can be explained by the chemical evolution of bulk carbonate sediment samples with different initial mineralogical compositions that subsequently underwent recrystallization. Although early diagenetic resetting and carbonate mineralogy strongly influence the carbonate δ 44/40 Ca values, the relationship between [Sr] and δ 44/40 Ca holds potential for reconstructing first-order secular changes in seawater δ 44/40 Ca composition.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [2];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Geological Sciences
  2. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Earth and Planetary Science; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  3. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Geological Sciences; Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Earth, Atmosphereic and Planetary Sciences
  4. Middle East Technical Univ., Ankara (Turkey). Dept. of Geological Engineering
  5. Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel (Germany)
  6. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Geological Sciences; Exxon Mobil Upstream Research Company, Spring, TX (United States)
  7. Trinity Univ., San Antonio, TX (United States). Geosciences Dept.
  8. Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States). Inst. of Marine Sciences
  9. Guizhou Univ. (China). College of Resource adn Environment Engineering
  10. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Geological Sciences; Guizhou Univ. (China). College of Resource and Environment Engineering
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1411664
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Chemical Geology
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 471; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0009-2541
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 58 GEOSCIENCES; Calcium isotopes; Carbonates; Early diagenesis; Recrystallization; Calcium cycling

Citation Formats

Lau, Kimberly V., Maher, Kate, Brown, Shaun T., Jost, Adam B., Altıner, Demir, DePaolo, Donald J., Eisenhauer, Anton, Kelley, Brian M., Lehrmann, Daniel J., Paytan, Adina, Yu, Meiyi, Silva-Tamayo, Juan Carlos, and Payne, Jonathan L. The influence of seawater carbonate chemistry, mineralogy, and diagenesis on calcium isotope variations in Lower-Middle Triassic carbonate rocks. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.09.006.
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Lau, Kimberly V., Maher, Kate, Brown, Shaun T., Jost, Adam B., Altıner, Demir, DePaolo, Donald J., Eisenhauer, Anton, Kelley, Brian M., Lehrmann, Daniel J., Paytan, Adina, Yu, Meiyi, Silva-Tamayo, Juan Carlos, & Payne, Jonathan L. The influence of seawater carbonate chemistry, mineralogy, and diagenesis on calcium isotope variations in Lower-Middle Triassic carbonate rocks. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.09.006
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Lau, Kimberly V., Maher, Kate, Brown, Shaun T., Jost, Adam B., Altıner, Demir, DePaolo, Donald J., Eisenhauer, Anton, Kelley, Brian M., Lehrmann, Daniel J., Paytan, Adina, Yu, Meiyi, Silva-Tamayo, Juan Carlos, and Payne, Jonathan L. Wed . "The influence of seawater carbonate chemistry, mineralogy, and diagenesis on calcium isotope variations in Lower-Middle Triassic carbonate rocks". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.09.006. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1411664.
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@article{osti_1411664,
title = {The influence of seawater carbonate chemistry, mineralogy, and diagenesis on calcium isotope variations in Lower-Middle Triassic carbonate rocks},
author = {Lau, Kimberly V. and Maher, Kate and Brown, Shaun T. and Jost, Adam B. and Altıner, Demir and DePaolo, Donald J. and Eisenhauer, Anton and Kelley, Brian M. and Lehrmann, Daniel J. and Paytan, Adina and Yu, Meiyi and Silva-Tamayo, Juan Carlos and Payne, Jonathan L.},
abstractNote = {The geological calcium cycle is linked to the geological carbon cycle through the weathering and burial of carbonate rocks. As a result, calcium (Ca) isotope ratios ( 44 Ca/ 40 Ca, expressed as δ 44/40 Ca) can help to constrain ancient carbon cycle dynamics if Ca cycle behavior can be reconstructed. But, the δ 44/40 Ca of carbonate rocks is influenced not only by the δ 44/40 Ca of seawater but also by diagenetic processes and fractionation associated with carbonate precipitation. In this study, we investigate the dominant controls on carbonate δ 44/40 Ca in Upper Permian to Middle Triassic limestones (ca. 253 to 244 Ma) from south China and Turkey. This time interval is ideal for assessing controls on Ca isotope ratios in carbonate rocks because fluctuations in seawater δ 44/40 Ca may be expected based on several large carbon isotope (δ 13 C) excursions ranging from -2 to + 8‰. Parallel negative δ 13 C and δ 44/40 Ca excursions were previously identified across the end-Permian extinction horizon. Here, we find a second negative excursion in δ 44/40 Ca of ~ 0.2‰ within Lower Triassic strata in both south China and Turkey; however, this excursion is not synchronous between regions and thus cannot be interpreted to reflect secular change in the δ 44/40 Ca of global seawater. Additionally, δ 44/40 Ca values from Turkey are consistently 0.3‰ lower than contemporaneous samples from south China, providing further support for local or regional influences. By measuring δ 44/40 Ca and Sr concentrations ([Sr]) in two stratigraphic sections located at opposite margins of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, we can determine whether the data represent global conditions (e.g., secular variations in the δ 44/40 Ca of seawater) versus local controls (e.g., original mineralogy or diagenetic alteration). The [Sr] and δ 44/40 Ca data from this study are best described statistically by a log-linear correlation that also exists in many previously published datasets of various geological ages. By using a model of early marine diagenetic water-rock interaction, we illustrate that this general correlation can be explained by the chemical evolution of bulk carbonate sediment samples with different initial mineralogical compositions that subsequently underwent recrystallization. Although early diagenetic resetting and carbonate mineralogy strongly influence the carbonate δ 44/40 Ca values, the relationship between [Sr] and δ 44/40 Ca holds potential for reconstructing first-order secular changes in seawater δ 44/40 Ca composition.},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.09.006},
journal = {Chemical Geology},
number = C,
volume = 471,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Wed Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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Climatic and biotic upheavals following the end-Permian mass extinction
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  • Nature Geoscience, Vol. 6, Issue 1
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The anomalous Ca cycle in the Ediacaran ocean: Evidence from Ca isotopes preserved in carbonates in the Three Gorges area, South China
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Comparative size evolution of marine clades from the Late Permian through Middle Triassic
journal, November 2015

  • Schaal, Ellen K.; Clapham, Matthew E.; Rego, Brianna L.
  • Paleobiology, Vol. 42, Issue 1
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The calcium riverine and hydrothermal isotopic fluxes and the oceanic calcium mass balance
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Global perturbation of the marine Ca isotopic composition in the aftermath of the Marinoan global glaciation
journal, October 2010

Negligible temperature dependence of calcium isotope fractionation in 12 species of planktonic foraminifera
journal, March 2005

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Interpreting the Ca isotope record of marine biogenic carbonates
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Recovery tempo and pattern of marine ecosystems after the end-Permian mass extinction
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The large increase of δ 13Ccarb-depth gradient and the end-Permian mass extinction
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Early Triassic seawater sulfate drawdown
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journal, March 2006

Evidence from ammonoids and conodonts for multiple Early Triassic mass extinctions
journal, August 2009

Calcium-isotope fractionation in selected modern and ancient marine carbonates
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Effects of Quaternary Sea Level Cycles on Strontium in Seawater
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Lethally Hot Temperatures During the Early Triassic Greenhouse
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Siberian gas venting and the end-Permian environmental crisis
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Sr2+/Ca2+ and 44Ca/40Ca fractionation during inorganic calcite formation: II. Ca isotopes
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Calcium and magnesium isotope systematics in rivers draining the Himalaya-Tibetan-Plateau region: Lithological or fractionation control?
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87Sr/86Sr, δ13C and δ18O evolution of Phanerozoic seawater
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Kinetic Fractionation of Non-Traditional Stable Isotopes by Diffusion and Crystal Growth Reactions
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Biotic carbonate precipitation inhibited during the Early Triassic at the rim of the Arabian Platform (Oman)
journal, July 2011

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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Magnetotelluric sounding evidence of development of nappes in the Tuolai Sag, Yin-E Basin
    journal, January 2020

    Global perturbation of the marine calcium cycle during the Permian-Triassic transition
    journal, January 2018

    • Silva-Tamayo, Juan Carlos; Lau, Kimberly V.; Jost, Adam B.
    • GSA Bulletin, Vol. 130, Issue 7-8
    • DOI: 10.1130/b31818.1
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