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Title: Detection of Broad Hα Emission Lines in the Late-Time Spectra of a Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernova

Abstract

iPTF13ehe is a hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova (SLSN) at z = 0.3434, with a slow-evolving light curve and spectral features similar to SN2007bi. It rises in 83–148 days to reach a peak bolometric luminosity of ~1.3 × 1044 erg s-1, then decays slowly at 0.015 mag day-1. The measured ejecta velocity is ~ 13,000 km s-1. The inferred explosion characteristics, such as the ejecta mass (70–220 M⊙), and the total radiative and kinetic energy (Erad ~ 1051 erg, Ekin ~ 2 × 1053 erg), are typical of slow-evolving H-poor SLSN events. However, the late-time spectrum taken at +251 days (rest, post-peak) reveals a Balmer Hα emission feature with broad and narrow components, which has never been detected before among other H-poor SLSNe. The broad component has a velocity width of ~4500 km s-1 and a ~300 km s-1 blueward shift relative to the narrow component. In this paper, we interpret this broad Hα emission with a luminosity of ~2 × 1041 erg s-1 as resulting from the interaction between the supernova ejecta and a discrete H-rich shell, located at a distance of ~4 × 1016 cm from the explosion site. This interaction causes the rest-frame r-band LC to brighten at latemore » times. The fact that the late-time spectra are not completely absorbed by the shock-ionized H-shell implies that its Thomson scattering optical depth is likely ≤1, thus setting upper limits on the shell mass ≤30 M⊙. Of the existing models, a Pulsational Pair Instability supernova model can naturally explain the observed 30 M⊙ H-shell, ejected from a progenitor star with an initial mass of (95–150) M⊙ about 40 years ago. Finally, we estimate that at least ~15% of all SLSNe-I may have late-time Balmer emission lines.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [5];  [3]; ORCiD logo [6];  [3]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [8];  [1];  [9];  [3]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  2. San Diego State Univ., CA (United States); Univ. of Tokyo, Kashiwa (Japan)
  3. Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel)
  4. Liverpool John Moores Univ., Liverpool (United Kingdom); Max Planck Inst. for Astrophysics, Garching (Germany)
  5. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark)
  6. Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel); Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark)
  7. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  8. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  9. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); LANL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Israel Science Foundation (ISF)
OSTI Identifier:
1392978
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 814; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; supernovae; iPTF13ehe; SN2007bi; PTF12dam

Citation Formats

Yan, Lin, Quimby, R., Ofek, E., Gal-Yam, A., Mazzali, P., Perley, D., Vreeswijk, P. M., Leloudas, G., Cia, A. de, Masci, F., Cenko, S. B., Cao, Y., Kulkarni, S. R., Nugent, P. E., Rebbapragada, Umaa D., Woźniak, P. R., and Yaron, O. Detection of Broad Hα Emission Lines in the Late-Time Spectra of a Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernova. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/108.
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Yan, Lin, Quimby, R., Ofek, E., Gal-Yam, A., Mazzali, P., Perley, D., Vreeswijk, P. M., Leloudas, G., Cia, A. de, Masci, F., Cenko, S. B., Cao, Y., Kulkarni, S. R., Nugent, P. E., Rebbapragada, Umaa D., Woźniak, P. R., & Yaron, O. Detection of Broad Hα Emission Lines in the Late-Time Spectra of a Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernova. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/108
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Yan, Lin, Quimby, R., Ofek, E., Gal-Yam, A., Mazzali, P., Perley, D., Vreeswijk, P. M., Leloudas, G., Cia, A. de, Masci, F., Cenko, S. B., Cao, Y., Kulkarni, S. R., Nugent, P. E., Rebbapragada, Umaa D., Woźniak, P. R., and Yaron, O. Mon . "Detection of Broad Hα Emission Lines in the Late-Time Spectra of a Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernova". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/108. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1392978.
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@article{osti_1392978,
title = {Detection of Broad Hα Emission Lines in the Late-Time Spectra of a Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernova},
author = {Yan, Lin and Quimby, R. and Ofek, E. and Gal-Yam, A. and Mazzali, P. and Perley, D. and Vreeswijk, P. M. and Leloudas, G. and Cia, A. de and Masci, F. and Cenko, S. B. and Cao, Y. and Kulkarni, S. R. and Nugent, P. E. and Rebbapragada, Umaa D. and Woźniak, P. R. and Yaron, O.},
abstractNote = {iPTF13ehe is a hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova (SLSN) at z = 0.3434, with a slow-evolving light curve and spectral features similar to SN2007bi. It rises in 83–148 days to reach a peak bolometric luminosity of ~1.3 × 1044 erg s-1, then decays slowly at 0.015 mag day-1. The measured ejecta velocity is ~ 13,000 km s-1. The inferred explosion characteristics, such as the ejecta mass (70–220 M⊙), and the total radiative and kinetic energy (Erad ~ 1051 erg, Ekin ~ 2 × 1053 erg), are typical of slow-evolving H-poor SLSN events. However, the late-time spectrum taken at +251 days (rest, post-peak) reveals a Balmer Hα emission feature with broad and narrow components, which has never been detected before among other H-poor SLSNe. The broad component has a velocity width of ~4500 km s-1 and a ~300 km s-1 blueward shift relative to the narrow component. In this paper, we interpret this broad Hα emission with a luminosity of ~2 × 1041 erg s-1 as resulting from the interaction between the supernova ejecta and a discrete H-rich shell, located at a distance of ~4 × 1016 cm from the explosion site. This interaction causes the rest-frame r-band LC to brighten at late times. The fact that the late-time spectra are not completely absorbed by the shock-ionized H-shell implies that its Thomson scattering optical depth is likely ≤1, thus setting upper limits on the shell mass ≤30 M⊙. Of the existing models, a Pulsational Pair Instability supernova model can naturally explain the observed 30 M⊙ H-shell, ejected from a progenitor star with an initial mass of (95–150) M⊙ about 40 years ago. Finally, we estimate that at least ~15% of all SLSNe-I may have late-time Balmer emission lines.},
doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/108},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 814,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Nov 23 00:00:00 EST 2015},
month = {Mon Nov 23 00:00:00 EST 2015}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/108
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    journalarticle, January 2016

    • Nicholl, M.; Berger, E.; Smartt, Sj
    • American Astronomical Society
    • DOI: 10.17863/cam.738

    The superluminous transient ASASSN-15lh as a tidal disruption event from a Kerr black hole
    text, January 2016

    • Leloudas, G.; Fraser, Morgan; Stone, Nc
    • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
    • DOI: 10.17863/cam.8873

    SN 2015bn: a detailed multi-wavelength view of a nearby superluminous supernova
    text, January 2016

    On the nature of Hydrogen-rich Superluminous Supernovae
    text, January 2016

    Analyzing the Largest Spectroscopic Dataset of Hydrogen-Poor Super-Luminous Supernovae
    text, January 2016

    Results from a systematic survey of X-ray emission from Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae
    text, January 2017

    The GRB-SLSN Connection: mis-aligned magnetars, weak jet emergence, and observational signatures
    text, January 2017

    Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey
    text, January 2017

    A statistical approach to identify superluminous supernovae and probe their diversity
    text, January 2017

    Spectra of Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory
    text, January 2018

    A nearby superluminous supernova with a long pre-maximum 'plateau' and strong CII features
    text, January 2018

    Superluminous Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey
    text, January 2018

    Synthetic spectra of energetic core-collapse supernovae and the early spectra of SN 2007bi and SN 1999as
    text, January 2019

    A Systematic Study Of Superluminous Supernova Lightcurve Models Using Clustering
    text, January 2019

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