Tailoring the energy distribution and loss of 2D plasmons
Abstract
Here, the ability to tailor the energy distribution of plasmons at the nanoscale has many applications in nanophotonics, such as designing plasmon lasers, spasers, and quantum emitters. To this end, we analytically study the energy distribution and the proper field quantization of 2D plasmons with specific examples for graphene plasmons. We find that the portion of the plasmon energy contained inside graphene (energy confinement factor) can exceed 50%, despite graphene being infinitely thin. In fact, this very high energy confinement can make it challenging to tailor the energy distribution of graphene plasmons just by modifying the surrounding dielectric environment or the geometry, such as changing the separation distance between two coupled graphene layers. However, by adopting concepts of parity-time symmetry breaking, we show that tuning the loss in one of the two coupled graphene layers can simultaneously tailor the energy confinement factor and propagation characteristics, causing the phenomenon of loss-induced plasmonic transparency.
- Authors:
-
- Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou (People's Republic of China); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou (People's Republic of China)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Solid-State Solar-Thermal Energy Conversion Center (S3TEC)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1388440
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0001299; FG02-09ER46577
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- New Journal of Physics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 18; Journal Issue: 10; Related Information: S3TEC partners with Massachusetts Institute of Technology (lead); Boston College; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Journal ID: ISSN 1367-2630
- Publisher:
- IOP Publishing
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; solar (photovoltaic); solar (thermal); solid state lighting; phonons; thermal conductivity; thermoelectric; defects; mechanical behavior; charge transport; spin dynamics; materials and chemistry by design; optics; synthesis (novel materials); synthesis (self-assembly); synthesis (scalable processing); 2D plasmons; electromagnetic energy; parity-time symmetry; field quantization
Citation Formats
Lin, Xiao, Rivera, Nicholas, Lopez, Josue J., Kaminer, Ido, Chen, Hongsheng, and Soljacic, Marin. Tailoring the energy distribution and loss of 2D plasmons. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/18/10/105007.
Lin, Xiao, Rivera, Nicholas, Lopez, Josue J., Kaminer, Ido, Chen, Hongsheng, & Soljacic, Marin. Tailoring the energy distribution and loss of 2D plasmons. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/10/105007
Lin, Xiao, Rivera, Nicholas, Lopez, Josue J., Kaminer, Ido, Chen, Hongsheng, and Soljacic, Marin. Tue .
"Tailoring the energy distribution and loss of 2D plasmons". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/10/105007. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1388440.
@article{osti_1388440,
title = {Tailoring the energy distribution and loss of 2D plasmons},
author = {Lin, Xiao and Rivera, Nicholas and Lopez, Josue J. and Kaminer, Ido and Chen, Hongsheng and Soljacic, Marin},
abstractNote = {Here, the ability to tailor the energy distribution of plasmons at the nanoscale has many applications in nanophotonics, such as designing plasmon lasers, spasers, and quantum emitters. To this end, we analytically study the energy distribution and the proper field quantization of 2D plasmons with specific examples for graphene plasmons. We find that the portion of the plasmon energy contained inside graphene (energy confinement factor) can exceed 50%, despite graphene being infinitely thin. In fact, this very high energy confinement can make it challenging to tailor the energy distribution of graphene plasmons just by modifying the surrounding dielectric environment or the geometry, such as changing the separation distance between two coupled graphene layers. However, by adopting concepts of parity-time symmetry breaking, we show that tuning the loss in one of the two coupled graphene layers can simultaneously tailor the energy confinement factor and propagation characteristics, causing the phenomenon of loss-induced plasmonic transparency.},
doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/18/10/105007},
journal = {New Journal of Physics},
number = 10,
volume = 18,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Oct 25 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Tue Oct 25 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
XV. On the transfer of energy in the electromagnetic field
journal, December 1884
- Poynting, J. H.
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 175, p. 343-361
Quantum optics of dielectric media
journal, January 1991
- Glauber, Roy J.; Lewenstein, M.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 43, Issue 1
Towards graphene plasmon-based free-electron infrared to X-ray sources
journal, November 2015
- Wong, Liang Jie; Kaminer, Ido; Ilic, Ognjen
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Shrinking light to allow forbidden transitions on the atomic scale
journal, July 2016
- Rivera, Nicholas; Kaminer, Ido; Zhen, Bo
- Science, Vol. 353, Issue 6296
Graphene Plasmonics: A Platform for Strong Light–Matter Interactions
journal, August 2011
- Koppens, Frank H. L.; Chang, Darrick E.; García de Abajo, F. Javier
- Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 8
Plasmon lasers at deep subwavelength scale
journal, August 2009
- Oulton, Rupert F.; Sorger, Volker J.; Zentgraf, Thomas
- Nature, Vol. 461, Issue 7264
Surface Plasmon Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation: Quantum Generation of Coherent Surface Plasmons in Nanosystems
journal, January 2003
- Bergman, David J.; Stockman, Mark I.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 90, Issue 2
Proposed graphene nanospaser
journal, July 2014
- Apalkov, Vadym; Stockman, Mark I.
- Light: Science & Applications, Vol. 3, Issue 7
Demonstration of a spaser-based nanolaser
journal, August 2009
- Noginov, M. A.; Zhu, G.; Belgrave, A. M.
- Nature, Vol. 460, Issue 7259
Nanophotonics: Shrinking light-based technology
journal, April 2015
- Koenderink, A. F.; Alu, A.; Polman, A.
- Science, Vol. 348, Issue 6234
Heat-assisted magnetic recording by a near-field transducer with efficient optical energy transfer
journal, March 2009
- Challener, W. A.; Peng, Chubing; Itagi, A. V.
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 3, Issue 4
Plasmonic Light-Harvesting Devices over the Whole Visible Spectrum
journal, July 2010
- Aubry, Alexandre; Lei, Dang Yuan; Fernández-Domínguez, Antonio I.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 7
Path entanglement of surface plasmons
journal, January 2015
- Fakonas, James S.; Mitskovets, Anna; Atwater, Harry A.
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 2
Two-plasmon quantum interference
journal, March 2014
- Fakonas, James S.; Lee, Hyunseok; Kelaita, Yousif A.
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 4
Quantum interference in plasmonic circuits
journal, August 2013
- Heeres, Reinier W.; Kouwenhoven, Leo P.; Zwiller, Valery
- Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 8, Issue 10
Transformation Optics Using Graphene
journal, June 2011
- Vakil, A.; Engheta, N.
- Science, Vol. 332, Issue 6035
Gain modulation by graphene plasmons in aperiodic lattice lasers
journal, January 2016
- Chakraborty, S.; Marshall, O. P.; Folland, T. G.
- Science, Vol. 351, Issue 6270
All-optical generation of surface plasmons in graphene
journal, November 2015
- Constant, T. J.; Hornett, S. M.; Chang, D. E.
- Nature Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 2
Highly confined low-loss plasmons in graphene–boron nitride heterostructures
journal, December 2014
- Woessner, Achim; Lundeberg, Mark B.; Gao, Yuanda
- Nature Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 4
Graphene on hexagonal boron nitride as a tunable hyperbolic metamaterial
journal, June 2015
- Dai, S.; Ma, Q.; Liu, M. K.
- Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 8
Mid-infrared plasmonic biosensing with graphene
journal, July 2015
- Rodrigo, D.; Limaj, O.; Janner, D.
- Science, Vol. 349, Issue 6244
Polarizability of a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas
journal, April 1967
- Stern, Frank
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 14
Interface excitations in metal-insulator-semiconductor structures
journal, June 1975
- Eguiluz, Adolfo; Lee, T. K.; Quinn, J. J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 11, Issue 12
Collective modes of spatially separated, two-component, two-dimensional plasma in solids
journal, January 1981
- Das Sarma, S.; Madhukar, A.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 23, Issue 2
Experimental investigation of two-dimensional plasmons in a monolayer on Si(111)
journal, October 2008
- Rugeramigabo, E. P.; Nagao, T.; Pfnür, H.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 78, Issue 15
Dispersion and Damping of a Two-Dimensional Plasmon in a Metallic Surface-State Band
journal, June 2001
- Nagao, Tadaaki; Hildebrandt, Torsten; Henzler, Martin
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 25
Low-energy acoustic plasmons at metal surfaces
journal, July 2007
- Diaconescu, Bogdan; Pohl, Karsten; Vattuone, Luca
- Nature, Vol. 448, Issue 7149
Graphene Plasmonics for Terahertz to Mid-Infrared Applications
journal, January 2014
- Low, Tony; Avouris, Phaedon
- ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 2
Plasmonics in graphene at infrared frequencies
journal, December 2009
- Jablan, Marinko; Buljan, Hrvoje; Soljačić, Marin
- Physical Review B, Vol. 80, Issue 24
Graphene Plasmonics: Challenges and Opportunities
journal, February 2014
- García de Abajo, F. Javier
- ACS Photonics, Vol. 1, Issue 3
Unusual Microwave Response of Dirac Quasiparticles in Graphene
journal, June 2006
- Gusynin, V. P.; Sharapov, S. G.; Carbotte, J. P.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 25
Space-time dispersion of graphene conductivity
journal, April 2007
- Falkovsky, L. A.; Varlamov, A. A.
- The European Physical Journal B, Vol. 56, Issue 4
Surface plasmon Fourier optics
journal, May 2009
- Archambault, A.; Teperik, T. V.; Marquier, F.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 79, Issue 19
Quantum theory of spontaneous and stimulated emission of surface plasmons
journal, July 2010
- Archambault, Alexandre; Marquier, François; Greffet, Jean-Jacques
- Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 3
New Electromagnetic Mode in Graphene
journal, July 2007
- Mikhailov, S. A.; Ziegler, K.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 1
Loss-induced suppression and revival of lasing
journal, October 2014
- Peng, B.; Ozdemir, . K.; Rotter, S.
- Science, Vol. 346, Issue 6207
Observation of -Symmetry Breaking in Complex Optical Potentials
journal, August 2009
- Guo, A.; Salamo, G. J.; Duchesne, D.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 9
Theory of coupled optical PT-symmetric structures
journal, January 2007
- El-Ganainy, R.; Makris, K. G.; Christodoulides, D. N.
- Optics Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 17
Beam Dynamics in Symmetric Optical Lattices
journal, March 2008
- Makris, K. G.; El-Ganainy, R.; Christodoulides, D. N.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 10
Observation of parity–time symmetry in optics
journal, January 2010
- Rüter, Christian E.; Makris, Konstantinos G.; El-Ganainy, Ramy
- Nature Physics, Vol. 6, Issue 3
Spawning rings of exceptional points out of Dirac cones
journal, September 2015
- Zhen, Bo; Hsu, Chia Wei; Igarashi, Yuichi
- Nature, Vol. 525, Issue 7569
Works referencing / citing this record:
Group-Velocity-Controlled and Gate-Tunable Directional Excitation of Polaritons in Graphene-Boron Nitride Heterostructures
journal, March 2018
- Jiang, Yuyu; Lin, Xiao; Low, Tony
- Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol. 12, Issue 5
Plasmon-Enhanced Spin-Orbit Interaction of Light in Graphene
journal, August 2018
- Ciattoni, Alessandro; Rizza, Carlo; Lee, Ho Wai Howard
- Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol. 12, Issue 10
Strong absorption near exceptional points in plasmonic waveguide arrays
journal, August 2018
- Ke, Shaolin; Liu, Jianxun; Liu, Qingjie
- Optical and Quantum Electronics, Vol. 50, Issue 8
Adiabatic transfer of surface plasmons in non-Hermitian graphene waveguides
journal, October 2018
- Ke, Shaolin; Zhao, Dong; Liu, Qingjie
- Optical and Quantum Electronics, Vol. 50, Issue 11
Topological plasmonic modes in graphene-coated nanowire arrays
journal, May 2019
- Meng, Peng; Zhao, Dong; Zhong, Dong
- Optical and Quantum Electronics, Vol. 51, Issue 5
Low-Threshold Lasing and Coherent Perfect Absorption in Generalized -Symmetric Optical Structures
journal, August 2018
- Sakhdari, Maryam; Estakhri, Nasim Mohammadi; Bagci, Hakan
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 10, Issue 2
Hydrodynamic model approach to the formation of plasmonic wakes in graphene
journal, November 2017
- Chaves, A. J.; Peres, N. M. R.; Smirnov, G.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 19
Energy losses and transition radiation in graphene traversed by a fast charged particle under oblique incidence
journal, November 2018
- Akbari, Kamran; Segui, Silvina; Mišković, Zoran L.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 19
Experimental Observation of Superscattering
journal, February 2019
- Qian, Chao; Lin, Xiao; Yang, Yi
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 6
Losses in plasmonics: from mitigating energy dissipation to embracing loss-enabled functionalities
text, January 2018
- Boriskina, Svetlana V.; Cooper, Thomas Alan; Zeng, Lingping
- arXiv
Group-velocity-controlled and gate-tunable directional excitation of polaritons in graphene-boron nitride heterostructures
preprint, January 2018
- Jiang, Yuyu; Lin, Xiao; Low, Tony
- arXiv
Experimental observation of superscattering
preprint, January 2018
- Qian, Chao; Lin, Xiao; Yang, Yi
- arXiv
Tailoring Eigenmodes at Spectral Singularities in Graphene-based PT Systems
journal, September 2017
- Zhang, Weixuan; Wu, Tong; Zhang, Xiangdong
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Broadband Negative Refraction of Highly Squeezed Hyperbolic Polaritons in 2D Materials
journal, January 2018
- Jiang, Jing; Lin, Xiao; Zhang, Baile
- Research, Vol. 2018