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Title: All-Polymer Solar Cell Performance Optimized via Systematic Molecular Weight Tuning of Both Donor and Acceptor Polymers

Abstract

The influence of the number-average molecular weight (Mn) on the blend film morphology and photovoltaic performance of all-polymer solar cells (APSCs) fabricated with the donor polymer poly[5-(2-hexyldodecyl)-1,3-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-alt-5,5-(2,5-bis(3-dodecylthiophen-2-yl)thiophene)] (PTPD3T) and acceptor polymer poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2); N2200) is systematically investigated in this work. The Mn effect analysis of both PTPD3T and N2200 is enabled by implementing a polymerization strategy which produces conjugated polymers with tunable Mns. Experimental and coarse-grain modeling results reveal that systematic Mn variation greatly influences both intrachain and interchain interactions and ultimately the degree of phase separation and morphology evolution. Specifically, increasing Mn for both polymers shrinks blend film domain sizes and enhances donor–acceptor polymer–polymer interfacial areas, affording increased short-circuit current densities (Jsc). However, the greater disorder and intermixed feature proliferation accompanying increasing Mn promotes charge carrier recombination, reducing cell fill factors (FF). The optimized photoactive layers exhibit well-balanced exciton dissociation and charge transport characteristics, ultimately providing solar cells with a 2-fold PCE enhancement versus devices with nonoptimal Mns. Overall, it is shown that proper and precise tuning of both donor and acceptor polymer Mns is critical for optimizing APSC performance. In contrast to reports where maximum power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are achieved for the highest Mns, the present two-dimensionalmore » Mn optimization matrix strategy locates a PCE “sweet spot” at intermediate Mns of both donor and acceptor polymers. This study provides synthetic methodologies to predictably access conjugated polymers with desired Mn and highlights the importance of optimizing Mn for both polymer components to realize the full potential of APSC performance.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [2];  [1];  [2];  [4];  [5];  [1];  [6];  [1];  [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center (ANSER); Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
  2. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
  3. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
  4. Polyera Corporation, Skokie, IL (United States)
  5. CheNorthwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
  6. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States); Polyera Corporation, Skokie, IL (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center (ANSER); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Science Foundation (NSF); US Department of Commerce; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Camille and Henry Dreyfus Postdoctoral Program in Environmental Chemistry; Integrated Molecular Structure Education and Research Center (IMSERC); Pfizer; State of Illinois
OSTI Identifier:
1387521
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0001059; FG02-08ER46536; FA9550-15-1-0044; DMR-1121262; 70NANB14H012; AC02-06CH11357
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of the American Chemical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 138; Journal Issue: 4; Related Information: ANSER partners with Northwestern University (lead); Argonne National Laboratory; University of Chicago; University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Yale University; Journal ID: ISSN 0002-7863
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; catalysis (homogeneous); catalysis (heterogeneous); solar (photovoltaic); solar (fuels); photosynthesis (natural and artificial); bio-inspired; hydrogen and fuel cells; electrodes - solar; defects; charge transport; spin dynamics; membrane; materials and chemistry by design; optics; synthesis (novel materials); synthesis (self-assembly); polymer films; polymer morphology; monomers; solar cells; polymers

Citation Formats

Zhou, Nanjia, Dudnik, Alexander S., Li, Ting I. N. G., Manley, Eric F., Aldrich, Thomas J., Guo, Peijun, Liao, Hsueh-Chung, Chen, Zhihua, Chen, Lin X., Chang, Robert P. H., Facchetti, Antonio, Olvera de la Cruz, Monica, and Marks, Tobin J. All-Polymer Solar Cell Performance Optimized via Systematic Molecular Weight Tuning of Both Donor and Acceptor Polymers. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b10735.
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Zhou, Nanjia, Dudnik, Alexander S., Li, Ting I. N. G., Manley, Eric F., Aldrich, Thomas J., Guo, Peijun, Liao, Hsueh-Chung, Chen, Zhihua, Chen, Lin X., Chang, Robert P. H., Facchetti, Antonio, Olvera de la Cruz, Monica, & Marks, Tobin J. All-Polymer Solar Cell Performance Optimized via Systematic Molecular Weight Tuning of Both Donor and Acceptor Polymers. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b10735
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Zhou, Nanjia, Dudnik, Alexander S., Li, Ting I. N. G., Manley, Eric F., Aldrich, Thomas J., Guo, Peijun, Liao, Hsueh-Chung, Chen, Zhihua, Chen, Lin X., Chang, Robert P. H., Facchetti, Antonio, Olvera de la Cruz, Monica, and Marks, Tobin J. Thu . "All-Polymer Solar Cell Performance Optimized via Systematic Molecular Weight Tuning of Both Donor and Acceptor Polymers". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b10735. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1387521.
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@article{osti_1387521,
title = {All-Polymer Solar Cell Performance Optimized via Systematic Molecular Weight Tuning of Both Donor and Acceptor Polymers},
author = {Zhou, Nanjia and Dudnik, Alexander S. and Li, Ting I. N. G. and Manley, Eric F. and Aldrich, Thomas J. and Guo, Peijun and Liao, Hsueh-Chung and Chen, Zhihua and Chen, Lin X. and Chang, Robert P. H. and Facchetti, Antonio and Olvera de la Cruz, Monica and Marks, Tobin J.},
abstractNote = {The influence of the number-average molecular weight (Mn) on the blend film morphology and photovoltaic performance of all-polymer solar cells (APSCs) fabricated with the donor polymer poly[5-(2-hexyldodecyl)-1,3-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-alt-5,5-(2,5-bis(3-dodecylthiophen-2-yl)thiophene)] (PTPD3T) and acceptor polymer poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2); N2200) is systematically investigated in this work. The Mn effect analysis of both PTPD3T and N2200 is enabled by implementing a polymerization strategy which produces conjugated polymers with tunable Mns. Experimental and coarse-grain modeling results reveal that systematic Mn variation greatly influences both intrachain and interchain interactions and ultimately the degree of phase separation and morphology evolution. Specifically, increasing Mn for both polymers shrinks blend film domain sizes and enhances donor–acceptor polymer–polymer interfacial areas, affording increased short-circuit current densities (Jsc). However, the greater disorder and intermixed feature proliferation accompanying increasing Mn promotes charge carrier recombination, reducing cell fill factors (FF). The optimized photoactive layers exhibit well-balanced exciton dissociation and charge transport characteristics, ultimately providing solar cells with a 2-fold PCE enhancement versus devices with nonoptimal Mns. Overall, it is shown that proper and precise tuning of both donor and acceptor polymer Mns is critical for optimizing APSC performance. In contrast to reports where maximum power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are achieved for the highest Mns, the present two-dimensional Mn optimization matrix strategy locates a PCE “sweet spot” at intermediate Mns of both donor and acceptor polymers. This study provides synthetic methodologies to predictably access conjugated polymers with desired Mn and highlights the importance of optimizing Mn for both polymer components to realize the full potential of APSC performance.},
doi = {10.1021/jacs.5b10735},
journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
number = 4,
volume = 138,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Dec 31 00:00:00 EST 2015},
month = {Thu Dec 31 00:00:00 EST 2015}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b10735
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Figures / Tables:

Scheme 1 Scheme 1: Macromolecular structures and device architecture of APSCs based on active layer blends of PTPD3T and N2200.
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Influence of Semiconductor Thickness and Molecular Weight on the Charge Transport of a Naphthalenediimide-Based Copolymer in Thin-Film Transistors
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Radical Chain Polymerization
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Principles of Polymerization
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    Side-Chain Optimization of Phthalimide−Bithiophene Copolymers for Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells with Large Fill Factors
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    A Vinylene-Bridged Perylenediimide-Based Polymeric Acceptor Enabling Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells Processed under Ambient Conditions
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    • Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 30
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    Highly Flexible and Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells with High-Viscosity Processing Polymer Additive toward Potential of Stretchable Devices
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