Phenomenological consequences of enhanced bulk viscosity near the QCD critical point

Monnai, Akihiko; Mukherjee, Swagato; Yin, Yi

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.95.034902

Title: Phenomenological consequences of enhanced bulk viscosity near the QCD critical point

Abstract

In the proximity of the QCD critical point the bulk viscosity of quark-gluon matter is expected to be proportional to nearly the third power of the critical correlation length, and become significantly enhanced. Here, this work is the first attempt to study the phenomenological consequences of enhanced bulk viscosity near the QCD critical point. For this purpose, we implement the expected critical behavior of the bulk viscosity within a non-boost-invariant, longitudinally expanding 1 + 1 dimensional causal relativistic hydrodynamical evolution at nonzero baryon density. We demonstrate that the critically enhanced bulk viscosity induces a substantial nonequilibrium pressure, effectively softening the equation of state, and leads to sizable effects in the flow velocity and single-particle distributions at the freeze-out. In conclusion, the observable effects that may arise due to the enhanced bulk viscosity in the vicinity of the QCD critical point can be used as complementary information to facilitate searches for the QCD critical point.

Authors:

Monnai, Akihiko ^[1]; Mukherjee, Swagato ^[2]; Yin, Yi ^[3]

Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). RIKEN BNL Research Center; Institute of Theoretical Physics, CNRS URA (France)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Department of Physics
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Department of Physics; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (MA). Center for Theoretical Physics

Publication Date:: Mon Mar 06 00:00:00 EST 2017

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Under Secretary for Science (S-4); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1376097

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1345856

Report Number(s):: BNL-113923-2017-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review. C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 95; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Monnai, Akihiko, Mukherjee, Swagato, and Yin, Yi. Phenomenological consequences of enhanced bulk viscosity near the QCD critical point.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.95.034902.

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                    Monnai, Akihiko, Mukherjee, Swagato, & Yin, Yi. Phenomenological consequences of enhanced bulk viscosity near the QCD critical point.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.95.034902

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                    Monnai, Akihiko, Mukherjee, Swagato, and Yin, Yi. Mon .  
"Phenomenological consequences of enhanced bulk viscosity near the QCD critical point".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.95.034902.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1376097.

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@article{osti_1376097,

  title        = {Phenomenological consequences of enhanced bulk viscosity near the QCD critical point},

  author       = {Monnai, Akihiko and Mukherjee, Swagato and Yin, Yi},

  abstractNote = {In the proximity of the QCD critical point the bulk viscosity of quark-gluon matter is expected to be proportional to nearly the third power of the critical correlation length, and become significantly enhanced. Here, this work is the first attempt to study the phenomenological consequences of enhanced bulk viscosity near the QCD critical point. For this purpose, we implement the expected critical behavior of the bulk viscosity within a non-boost-invariant, longitudinally expanding 1 + 1 dimensional causal relativistic hydrodynamical evolution at nonzero baryon density. We demonstrate that the critically enhanced bulk viscosity induces a substantial nonequilibrium pressure, effectively softening the equation of state, and leads to sizable effects in the flow velocity and single-particle distributions at the freeze-out. In conclusion, the observable effects that may arise due to the enhanced bulk viscosity in the vicinity of the QCD critical point can be used as complementary information to facilitate searches for the QCD critical point.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevC.95.034902},

  journal      = {Physical Review. C},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 95,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Mar 06 00:00:00 EST 2017},

  month        = {Mon Mar 06 00:00:00 EST 2017}

}

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Citation Formats

Baryon stopping and saturation physics in relativistic collisions journal, November 2009

Beam Energy Dependence of the Third Harmonic of Azimuthal Correlations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC text, January 2016

Effects of bulk viscosity at freezeout journal, November 2009

Onset of cavitation in the quark-gluon plasma journal, December 2014

Bulk viscosity of gauge theory plasma at strong coupling journal, May 2008

Precise determination of critical exponents and equation of state by field theory methods journal, April 2001

Using higher moments of fluctuations and their ratios in the search for the QCD critical point journal, October 2010

Interplay of shear and bulk viscosity in generating flow in heavy-ion collisions text, January 2009

QCD Phase Diagram and the Critical Point journal, January 2004

Thermal conductivity and chiral critical point in heavy ion collisions journal, November 2012

Causal hydrodynamics of gauge theory plasmas from AdS/CFT duality text, January 2007

Qcd Phase Diagram and the Critical Point journal, July 2005

Proton-Number Fluctuation as a Signal of the QCD Critical End Point journal, September 2003

Density inhomogeneities in heavy-ion collisions around the critical point journal, September 2005

Sign of Kurtosis near the QCD Critical Point journal, July 2011

Scalar density fluctuation at the critical end point in the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model journal, May 2003

Hydrodynamics near a chiral critical point journal, October 2003

Bulk Viscosity Effects in Event-by-Event Relativistic Hydrodynamics text, January 2013

Equation of state in ( 2 + 1 )-flavor QCD journal, November 2014

Effects of fluctuations on the initial eccentricity from the Color Glass Condensate in heavy ion collisions text, January 2006

Non-Gaussian fluctuations near the QCD critical point text, January 2008

Interplay of shear and bulk viscosity in generating flow in heavy-ion collisions journal, February 2010

Bulk viscosity effects in event-by-event relativistic hydrodynamics journal, October 2013

The importance of the bulk viscosity of QCD in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions text, January 2015

Sigma and hydrodynamic modes along the critical line journal, July 2004

Transient relativistic thermodynamics and kinetic theory journal, April 1979

Importance of the Bulk Viscosity of QCD in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions journal, September 2015

Relativistic dissipative hydrodynamic equations at the second order for multi-component systems with multiple conserved currents journal, December 2010

Dynamic equations and bulk viscosity near the gas-liquid critical point journal, January 1997

The QCD Critical Point and Related Observables journal, December 2016

Beam-Energy Dependence of the Directed Flow of Protons, Antiprotons, and Pions in Au+Au Collisions journal, April 2014

Moving Forward to Constrain the Shear Viscosity of QCD Matter journal, May 2016

Chiral restoration at finite density and temperature journal, November 1989

Phase diagram of QCD journal, September 1998

Chiral fluid dynamics with explicit propagation of the Polyakov loop journal, January 2013

New Developments in Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics text, January 2009

Fluctuations and correlations of net baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness: A comparison of lattice QCD results with the hadron resonance gas model journal, August 2012

Eccentricity fluctuations from the color glass condensate in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions journal, October 2007

Moving forward to constrain the shear viscosity of QCD matter text, January 2015

Erratum: Causal hydrodynamics of gauge theory plasmas from AdS/CFT duality [Phys. Rev. D 77 , 066014 (2008)] journal, October 2008

Effects of Bulk Viscosity at Freezeout text, January 2009

Universal Off-Equilibrium Scaling of Critical Cumulants in the QCD Phase Diagram journal, November 2016

Bulk viscosity of gauge theory plasma at strong coupling text, January 2007

Instability of Boost-invariant hydrodynamics with a QCD inspired bulk viscosity text, January 2008

Theory of dynamic critical phenomena journal, July 1977

Bulk viscosity and cavitation in boost-invariant hydrodynamic expansion journal, March 2010

Precise determination of critical exponents and equation of state by field theory methods text, January 2000

Bulk-viscosity-driven clusterization of quark-gluon plasma and early freeze-out in relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, March 2008

Soft Modes at the Critical End Point in the Chiral Effective Models journal, January 2004

Pseudorapidity correlations in heavy ion collisions from viscous fluid dynamics journal, January 2016

Slowing out of equilibrium near the QCD critical point journal, April 2000

Relativistic Dissipative Hydrodynamic Equations at the Second Order for Multi-Component Systems with Multiple Conserved Currents text, January 2010

Color superconductivity and chiral symmetry restoration at non-zero baryon density and temperature journal, January 1999

Beam-energy dependence of the directed flow of protons, antiprotons, and pions in au+au collisions text, January 2014

QCD phase diagram and the critical point text, January 2004

Hydrodynamics Near a Chiral Critical Point text, January 2003

Bulk viscosity-driven suppression of shear viscosity effects on the flow harmonics at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider journal, September 2014

Soft Modes at the Critical End Point in the Chiral Effective Models text, January 2004

Hydrodynamical evolution near the QCD critical end point journal, April 2005

Chiral-symmetry breaking in QCD at finite temperature and density journal, November 1989

Instability of boost-invariant hydrodynamics with a QCD-inspired bulk viscosity journal, August 2008

Bulk viscosity and spectral functions in QCD journal, September 2008

Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD text, January 1998

New Developments in Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics journal, January 2010

Color Superconductivity and Chiral Symmetry Restoration at Nonzero Baryon Density and Temperature text, January 1998

Baryon Stopping as a New Probe of Geometric Scaling journal, May 2009

Hydrodynamical evolution near the QCD critical end point text, January 2004

The phase diagram of dense QCD journal, December 2010

Beam Energy Dependence of the Third Harmonic of Azimuthal Correlations in Au + Au Collisions at RHIC journal, March 2016

Thermodynamics of strong-interaction matter from lattice QCD journal, October 2015

Diagonal and off-diagonal quark number susceptibilities at high temperatures journal, October 2015

Effects of fluctuations on the initial eccentricity from the color glass condensate in heavy ion collisions journal, March 2007

Universal properties of bulk viscosity near the QCD phase transition journal, May 2008

Correlation Between Critical Coefficients and Critical Exponents journal, November 1969

Dynamic universality class of the QCD critical point journal, September 2004

The phase diagram of dense QCD text, January 2010

Bulk Viscosity driven clusterization of quark-gluon plasma and early freeze-out in relativistic heavy-ion collisions text, January 2007

Baryon stopping and saturation physics in relativistic collisions
journal, November 2009

Beam Energy Dependence of the Third Harmonic of Azimuthal Correlations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
text, January 2016

Effects of bulk viscosity at freezeout
journal, November 2009

Onset of cavitation in the quark-gluon plasma
journal, December 2014

Bulk viscosity of gauge theory plasma at strong coupling
journal, May 2008

Precise determination of critical exponents and equation of state by field theory methods
journal, April 2001

Using higher moments of fluctuations and their ratios in the search for the QCD critical point
journal, October 2010

Interplay of shear and bulk viscosity in generating flow in heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2009

QCD Phase Diagram and the Critical Point
journal, January 2004

Thermal conductivity and chiral critical point in heavy ion collisions
journal, November 2012

Causal hydrodynamics of gauge theory plasmas from AdS/CFT duality
text, January 2007

Qcd Phase Diagram and the Critical Point
journal, July 2005

Proton-Number Fluctuation as a Signal of the QCD Critical End Point
journal, September 2003

Density inhomogeneities in heavy-ion collisions around the critical point
journal, September 2005

Sign of Kurtosis near the QCD Critical Point
journal, July 2011

Scalar density fluctuation at the critical end point in the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model
journal, May 2003

Hydrodynamics near a chiral critical point
journal, October 2003

Bulk Viscosity Effects in Event-by-Event Relativistic Hydrodynamics
text, January 2013

Equation of state in ( $2 + 1$ )-flavor QCD
journal, November 2014

Effects of fluctuations on the initial eccentricity from the Color Glass Condensate in heavy ion collisions
text, January 2006

Non-Gaussian fluctuations near the QCD critical point
text, January 2008

Interplay of shear and bulk viscosity in generating flow in heavy-ion collisions
journal, February 2010

Bulk viscosity effects in event-by-event relativistic hydrodynamics
journal, October 2013

The importance of the bulk viscosity of QCD in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2015

Sigma and hydrodynamic modes along the critical line
journal, July 2004

Transient relativistic thermodynamics and kinetic theory
journal, April 1979

Importance of the Bulk Viscosity of QCD in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, September 2015

Relativistic dissipative hydrodynamic equations at the second order for multi-component systems with multiple conserved currents
journal, December 2010

Dynamic equations and bulk viscosity near the gas-liquid critical point
journal, January 1997

The QCD Critical Point and Related Observables
journal, December 2016

Beam-Energy Dependence of the Directed Flow of Protons, Antiprotons, and Pions in Au+Au Collisions
journal, April 2014

Moving Forward to Constrain the Shear Viscosity of QCD Matter
journal, May 2016

Chiral restoration at finite density and temperature
journal, November 1989

Phase diagram of QCD
journal, September 1998

Chiral fluid dynamics with explicit propagation of the Polyakov loop
journal, January 2013

New Developments in Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics
text, January 2009

Fluctuations and correlations of net baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness: A comparison of lattice QCD results with the hadron resonance gas model
journal, August 2012

Eccentricity fluctuations from the color glass condensate in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, October 2007

Moving forward to constrain the shear viscosity of QCD matter
text, January 2015

Erratum: Causal hydrodynamics of gauge theory plasmas from AdS/CFT duality [Phys. Rev. D 77 , 066014 (2008)]
journal, October 2008

Effects of Bulk Viscosity at Freezeout
text, January 2009

Universal Off-Equilibrium Scaling of Critical Cumulants in the QCD Phase Diagram
journal, November 2016

Bulk viscosity of gauge theory plasma at strong coupling
text, January 2007

Instability of Boost-invariant hydrodynamics with a QCD inspired bulk viscosity
text, January 2008

Theory of dynamic critical phenomena
journal, July 1977

Bulk viscosity and cavitation in boost-invariant hydrodynamic expansion
journal, March 2010

Precise determination of critical exponents and equation of state by field theory methods
text, January 2000

Bulk-viscosity-driven clusterization of quark-gluon plasma and early freeze-out in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, March 2008

Soft Modes at the Critical End Point in the Chiral Effective Models
journal, January 2004

Pseudorapidity correlations in heavy ion collisions from viscous fluid dynamics
journal, January 2016

Slowing out of equilibrium near the QCD critical point
journal, April 2000

Relativistic Dissipative Hydrodynamic Equations at the Second Order for Multi-Component Systems with Multiple Conserved Currents
text, January 2010

Color superconductivity and chiral symmetry restoration at non-zero baryon density and temperature
journal, January 1999

Beam-energy dependence of the directed flow of protons, antiprotons, and pions in au+au collisions
text, January 2014

QCD phase diagram and the critical point
text, January 2004

Hydrodynamics Near a Chiral Critical Point
text, January 2003

Bulk viscosity-driven suppression of shear viscosity effects on the flow harmonics at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
journal, September 2014

Soft Modes at the Critical End Point in the Chiral Effective Models
text, January 2004

Hydrodynamical evolution near the QCD critical end point
journal, April 2005

Chiral-symmetry breaking in QCD at finite temperature and density
journal, November 1989

Instability of boost-invariant hydrodynamics with a QCD-inspired bulk viscosity
journal, August 2008

Bulk viscosity and spectral functions in QCD
journal, September 2008

Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD
text, January 1998

New Developments in Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics
journal, January 2010

Color Superconductivity and Chiral Symmetry Restoration at Nonzero Baryon Density and Temperature
text, January 1998

Baryon Stopping as a New Probe of Geometric Scaling
journal, May 2009

Hydrodynamical evolution near the QCD critical end point
text, January 2004

The phase diagram of dense QCD
journal, December 2010

Beam Energy Dependence of the Third Harmonic of Azimuthal Correlations in $Au + Au$ Collisions at RHIC
journal, March 2016

Thermodynamics of strong-interaction matter from lattice QCD
journal, October 2015

Diagonal and off-diagonal quark number susceptibilities at high temperatures
journal, October 2015

Effects of fluctuations on the initial eccentricity from the color glass condensate in heavy ion collisions
journal, March 2007

Universal properties of bulk viscosity near the QCD phase transition
journal, May 2008

Correlation Between Critical Coefficients and Critical Exponents
journal, November 1969

Dynamic universality class of the QCD critical point
journal, September 2004

The phase diagram of dense QCD
text, January 2010

Bulk Viscosity driven clusterization of quark-gluon plasma and early freeze-out in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2007

Non-Gaussian Fluctuations near the QCD Critical Point
journal, January 2009

Real-time evolution of non-Gaussian cumulants in the QCD critical regime
journal, September 2015

Causal hydrodynamics of gauge theory plasmas from AdS/CFT duality
journal, March 2008