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Title: Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope observations of the gamma-ray outburst from 3C454.3 in November 2010

Abstract

Here, the flat-spectrum radio quasar 3C454.3 underwent an extraordinary 5 day γ-ray outburst in 2010 November when the daily flux measured with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) at photon energies E > 100 MeV reached (66 ± 2) × 10–6 photons cm–2 s–1. This is a factor of three higher than its previous maximum flux recorded in 2009 December and gsim 5 times brighter than the Vela pulsar, which is normally the brightest source in the γ-ray sky. The 3 hr peak flux was (85 ± 5)×10–6 photons cm–2 s–1, corresponding to an apparent isotropic luminosity of (2.1 ± 0.2)×1050 erg s–1, the highest ever recorded for a blazar. In this Letter, we investigate the features of this exceptional event in the γ-ray band of the Fermi-LAT. In contrast to previous flares of the same source observed with the Fermi-LAT, clear spectral changes are observed during the flare.

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; « less
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1357234
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal. Letters
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 733; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-8205
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; galaxies: active

Citation Formats

Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D’Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Escande, L., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Fortin, P., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Itoh, R., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lee, S. -H., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Mazziotta, M. N., McConville, W., McEnery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nishino, S., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Pelassa, V., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. -W., Sanchez, D., Scargle, J. D., Schalk, T. L., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strickman, M. S., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tanaka, Y., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Troja, E., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., and Ziegler, M. Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope observations of the gamma-ray outburst from 3C454.3 in November 2010. United States: N. p., 2011. Web. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/733/2/L26.
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Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D’Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Escande, L., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Fortin, P., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Itoh, R., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lee, S. -H., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Mazziotta, M. N., McConville, W., McEnery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nishino, S., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Pelassa, V., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. -W., Sanchez, D., Scargle, J. D., Schalk, T. L., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strickman, M. S., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tanaka, Y., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Troja, E., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., & Ziegler, M. Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope observations of the gamma-ray outburst from 3C454.3 in November 2010. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/733/2/L26
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Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D’Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Escande, L., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Fortin, P., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Itoh, R., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lee, S. -H., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Mazziotta, M. N., McConville, W., McEnery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nishino, S., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Pelassa, V., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. -W., Sanchez, D., Scargle, J. D., Schalk, T. L., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strickman, M. S., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tanaka, Y., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Troja, E., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., and Ziegler, M. Fri . "Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope observations of the gamma-ray outburst from 3C454.3 in November 2010". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/733/2/L26. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1357234.
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@article{osti_1357234,
title = {Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope observations of the gamma-ray outburst from 3C454.3 in November 2010},
author = {Abdo, A. A. and Ackermann, M. and Ajello, M. and Allafort, A. and Baldini, L. and Ballet, J. and Barbiellini, G. and Bastieri, D. and Bellazzini, R. and Berenji, B. and Blandford, R. D. and Bloom, E. D. and Bonamente, E. and Borgland, A. W. and Bouvier, A. and Bregeon, J. and Brigida, M. and Bruel, P. and Buehler, R. and Buson, S. and Caliandro, G. A. and Cameron, R. A. and Caraveo, P. A. and Casandjian, J. M. and Cavazzuti, E. and Cecchi, C. and Charles, E. and Chekhtman, A. and Cheung, C. C. and Chiang, J. and Ciprini, S. and Claus, R. and Conrad, J. and Cutini, S. and D’Ammando, F. and de Angelis, A. and de Palma, F. and Dermer, C. D. and Digel, S. W. and do Couto e Silva, E. and Drell, P. S. and Dubois, R. and Dumora, D. and Escande, L. and Favuzzi, C. and Fegan, S. J. and Ferrara, E. C. and Fortin, P. and Fukazawa, Y. and Fusco, P. and Gargano, F. and Gasparrini, D. and Gehrels, N. and Germani, S. and Giglietto, N. and Giommi, P. and Giordano, F. and Giroletti, M. and Glanzman, T. and Godfrey, G. and Grenier, I. A. and Grove, J. E. and Guiriec, S. and Hadasch, D. and Hayashida, M. and Hays, E. and Horan, D. and Itoh, R. and Jóhannesson, G. and Johnson, A. S. and Kamae, T. and Katagiri, H. and Kataoka, J. and Knödlseder, J. and Kuss, M. and Lande, J. and Larsson, S. and Latronico, L. and Lee, S. -H. and Longo, F. and Loparco, F. and Lott, B. and Lovellette, M. N. and Lubrano, P. and Madejski, G. M. and Makeev, A. and Mazziotta, M. N. and McConville, W. and McEnery, J. E. and Michelson, P. F. and Mitthumsiri, W. and Mizuno, T. and Moiseev, A. A. and Monte, C. and Monzani, M. E. and Morselli, A. and Moskalenko, I. V. and Murgia, S. and Naumann-Godo, M. and Nishino, S. and Nolan, P. L. and Norris, J. P. and Nuss, E. and Ohsugi, T. and Okumura, A. and Orlando, E. and Ormes, J. F. and Paneque, D. and Pelassa, V. and Pesce-Rollins, M. and Pierbattista, M. and Piron, F. and Porter, T. A. and Rainò, S. and Rando, R. and Razzaque, S. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Ritz, S. and Roth, M. and Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. and Sanchez, D. and Scargle, J. D. and Schalk, T. L. and Sgrò, C. and Siskind, E. J. and Smith, P. D. and Spandre, G. and Spinelli, P. and Strickman, M. S. and Takahashi, H. and Takahashi, T. and Tanaka, T. and Tanaka, Y. and Thayer, J. G. and Thayer, J. B. and Thompson, D. J. and Tibaldo, L. and Torres, D. F. and Tosti, G. and Tramacere, A. and Troja, E. and Vandenbroucke, J. and Vasileiou, V. and Vianello, G. and Vilchez, N. and Vitale, V. and Waite, A. P. and Wang, P. and Winer, B. L. and Wood, K. S. and Yang, Z. and Ziegler, M.},
abstractNote = {Here, the flat-spectrum radio quasar 3C454.3 underwent an extraordinary 5 day γ-ray outburst in 2010 November when the daily flux measured with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) at photon energies E > 100 MeV reached (66 ± 2) × 10–6 photons cm–2 s–1. This is a factor of three higher than its previous maximum flux recorded in 2009 December and gsim 5 times brighter than the Vela pulsar, which is normally the brightest source in the γ-ray sky. The 3 hr peak flux was (85 ± 5)×10–6 photons cm–2 s–1, corresponding to an apparent isotropic luminosity of (2.1 ± 0.2)×1050 erg s–1, the highest ever recorded for a blazar. In this Letter, we investigate the features of this exceptional event in the γ-ray band of the Fermi-LAT. In contrast to previous flares of the same source observed with the Fermi-LAT, clear spectral changes are observed during the flare.},
doi = {10.1088/2041-8205/733/2/L26},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal. Letters},
number = 2,
volume = 733,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri May 06 00:00:00 EDT 2011},
month = {Fri May 06 00:00:00 EDT 2011}
}
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    The Powerful Jet and Gamma-Ray Flare of the Quasar PKS 0438–436
    journal, December 2018

    • Punsly, Brian; Tramacere, Andrea; Kharb, Preeti
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaefe7

    Detection of a Gamma-Ray Flare from the High-redshift Blazar DA 193
    journal, February 2019

    The 2016 June Optical and Gamma-Ray Outburst and Optical Microvariability of the Blazar 3C 454.3
    journal, April 2019

    • Weaver, Zachary R.; Balonek, Thomas J.; Jorstad, Svetlana G.
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab0e7c

    Characterizing the Gamma-Ray Variability of the Brightest Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars Observed with the Fermi LAT
    journal, May 2019

    • Meyer, Manuel; Scargle, Jeffrey D.; Blandford, Roger D.
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 877, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab1651

    Exploring the Origin of Multiwavelength Activities of High-redshift Flat-spectrum Radio Quasar PKS 1502+106 during 2014–2018
    journal, August 2019

    Multiscale Time- and Frequency-domain Likelihood Analysis with Photon Weights
    journal, November 2019

    Long-term Variability and Correlation Study of the Blazar 3C 454.3 in the Radio, NIR, and Optical Wavebands
    journal, December 2019

    Short-timescale γ -Ray Variability in CTA 102
    journal, February 2018

    Gamma-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies: Past, present, and future
    journal, October 2019

    Limits on the extragalactic background light in the Fermi era
    conference, January 2012

    • Meyer, Manuel; Raue, Martin; Mazin, Daniel
    • HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY: 5th International Meeting on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy, AIP Conference Proceedings
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.4772332

    Minute-Timescale > 100 MeV $\gamma$-Ray Variability During the Giant Outburst of Quasar 3C 279 Observed by FERMI-LAT in 2015 June
    text, January 2016

    • Ackermann, Markus; Anantua, R.; Asano, K.
    • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
    • DOI: 10.3204/pubdb-2016-06149

    The long-lasting activity of 3C 454.3. GASP-WEBT and satellite observations in 2008-2010
    text, January 2011

    Limits on the extragalactic background light in the Fermi era
    text, January 2012

    GENJI Programme: Gamma-ray Emitting Notable AGN Monitoring by Japanese VLBI
    text, January 2012

    A Tight Connection between Gamma-Ray Outbursts and Parsec-Scale Jet Activity in the Quasar 3C 454.3
    text, January 2013

    Constraining the Location of Gamma-Ray Flares in Luminous Blazars
    text, January 2014

    On the origin of gamma rays in Fermi blazars: beyond the broad line region
    text, January 2018

    On the multi-wavelength Emission from CTA 102
    text, January 2018

    Opacity, variability and kinematics of AGN jets
    text, January 2018

    The June 2016 Optical and Gamma-Ray Outburst and Optical Micro-Variability of the Blazar 3C454.3
    text, January 2019

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