Resolving the mystery of transport within internal transport barriers

Staebler, Gary M.; Kinsey, Jon E.; Belli, Emily A.; Candy, Jefferey; Waltz, Ronald E.; Greenfield, Charles M.; Lao, Lang L.; Smith, Sterling P.; Grierson, Brain A.; Chrystal, Colin

doi:10.1063/1.4875334

Title: Resolving the mystery of transport within internal transport barriers

Abstract

Here, the Trapped Gyro-Landau Fluid (TGLF) quasi-linear model, which is calibrated to nonlinear gyrokinetic turbulence simulations, is now able to predict the electron density, electron and ion temperatures and ion toroidal rotation simultaneously for internal transport barrier (ITB) discharges. This is a strong validation of gyrokinetic theory of ITBs, requiring multiple instabilities responsible for transport in different channels at different scales. The mystery of transport inside the ITB is that momentum and particle transport is far above the predicted neoclassical levels in apparent contradiction with the expectation from the theory of suppression of turbulence by E × B velocity shear. The success of TGLF in predicting ITB transport is due to the inclusion of ion gyro-radius scale modes that become dominant at high E × B velocity shear and to improvements to TGLF that allow momentum transport from gyrokinetic turbulence to be faithfully modeled.

Authors:

Staebler, Gary M. ^[1]; Kinsey, Jon E. ^[2]; Belli, Emily A. ^[1]; Candy, Jefferey ^[1]; Waltz, Ronald E. ^[1]; Greenfield, Charles M. ^[1]; Lao, Lang L. ^[1]; Smith, Sterling P. ^[1]; Grierson, Brain A. ^[3]; Chrystal, Colin ^[4]

General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
CompX, Del Mar, CA (United States)
Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri May 02 00:00:00 EDT 2014

Research Org.:: General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1354825

Grant/Contract Number:: FC02-04ER54698; FG02-95ER54309; FG03-99ER54541; FG02-07ER54917; AC02-09CH11466

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physics of Plasmas

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 21; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Citation Formats


                    Staebler, Gary M., Kinsey, Jon E., Belli, Emily A., Candy, Jefferey, Waltz, Ronald E., Greenfield, Charles M., Lao, Lang L., Smith, Sterling P., Grierson, Brain A., and Chrystal, Colin. Resolving the mystery of transport within internal transport barriers.  United States: N. p., 2014. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.4875334.

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                    Staebler, Gary M., Kinsey, Jon E., Belli, Emily A., Candy, Jefferey, Waltz, Ronald E., Greenfield, Charles M., Lao, Lang L., Smith, Sterling P., Grierson, Brain A., & Chrystal, Colin. Resolving the mystery of transport within internal transport barriers.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4875334

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                    Staebler, Gary M., Kinsey, Jon E., Belli, Emily A., Candy, Jefferey, Waltz, Ronald E., Greenfield, Charles M., Lao, Lang L., Smith, Sterling P., Grierson, Brain A., and Chrystal, Colin. Fri .  
"Resolving the mystery of transport within internal transport barriers".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4875334.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1354825.

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@article{osti_1354825,

  title        = {Resolving the mystery of transport within internal transport barriers},

  author       = {Staebler, Gary M. and Kinsey, Jon E. and Belli, Emily A. and Candy, Jefferey and Waltz, Ronald E. and Greenfield, Charles M. and Lao, Lang L. and Smith, Sterling P. and Grierson, Brain A. and Chrystal, Colin},

  abstractNote = {Here, the Trapped Gyro-Landau Fluid (TGLF) quasi-linear model, which is calibrated to nonlinear gyrokinetic turbulence simulations, is now able to predict the electron density, electron and ion temperatures and ion toroidal rotation simultaneously for internal transport barrier (ITB) discharges. This is a strong validation of gyrokinetic theory of ITBs, requiring multiple instabilities responsible for transport in different channels at different scales. The mystery of transport inside the ITB is that momentum and particle transport is far above the predicted neoclassical levels in apparent contradiction with the expectation from the theory of suppression of turbulence by E × B velocity shear. The success of TGLF in predicting ITB transport is due to the inclusion of ion gyro-radius scale modes that become dominant at high E × B velocity shear and to improvements to TGLF that allow momentum transport from gyrokinetic turbulence to be faithfully modeled.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.4875334},

  journal      = {Physics of Plasmas},

  number       = 5,

  volume       = 21,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri May 02 00:00:00 EDT 2014},

  month        = {Fri May 02 00:00:00 EDT 2014}

}

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Works referenced in this record:

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Greenfield, C. M.; Schissel, D. P.; Stallard, B. W.
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Verification of gyrokinetic δf simulations of electron temperature gradient turbulence
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Plasma microturbulence simulation of instabilities at highly disparate scales
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Anomalous parallel momentum transport due to E×B flow shear in a tokamak plasma
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Impact of the background toroidal rotation on particle and heat turbulent transport in tokamak plasmas
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Consequences of profile shearing on toroidal momentum transport
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Works referencing / citing this record:

Integrated modeling of plasma ramp-up in DIII-D ITER-like and high bootstrap current scenario discharges
journal, April 2018

Wu, M. Q.; Pan, C. K.; Chan, V. S.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1063/1.5024405

Tractable flux-driven temperature, density, and rotation profile evolution with the quasilinear gyrokinetic transport model QuaLiKiz
journal, November 2017

Citrin, J.; Bourdelle, C.; Casson, F. J.
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/aa8aeb

Transport simulation of EAST long-pulse H-mode discharge with integrated modeling
journal, February 2018

Wu, M. Q.; Li, G. Q.; Chen, J. L.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/aaa990

Global gyrokinetic simulations of intrinsic rotation in ASDEX Upgrade Ohmic L-mode plasmas
journal, March 2018

Hornsby, W. A.; Angioni, C.; Lu, Z. X.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/aab22f

Tractable flux-driven temperature, density, and rotation profile evolution with the quasilinear gyrokinetic transport model QuaLiKiz
text, January 2017

Citrin, J.; Bourdelle, C.; Casson, F. J.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1708.01224

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Title: Resolving the mystery of transport within internal transport barriers

Abstract

Citation Formats

Transport and performance in DIII-D discharges with weak or negative central magnetic shear journal, May 1997

Deuterium–tritium plasmas in novel regimes in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor journal, May 1997

JT-60U high performance regimes journal, September 1999

Physics of high performance JET plasmas in DT journal, September 1999

Electron heat transport in improved confinement discharges in DIII-D journal, May 1999

Advances in the simulation of toroidal gyro‐Landau fluid model turbulence journal, June 1995

Toroidal gyro‐Landau fluid model turbulence simulations in a nonlinear ballooning mode representation with radial modes journal, July 1994

Theory and simulation of rotational shear stabilization of turbulence journal, May 1998

Dynamics of core transport barrier formation and expansion in the DIII-D tokamak journal, May 1998

A gyro-Landau-fluid transport model journal, July 1997

Neoclassical ion transport in rotating axisymmetric plasmas journal, January 1985

Electric field effects on ion temperature gradient modes in a sheared slab journal, October 1991

Nonlinear gyrokinetic turbulence simulations of E×B shear quenching of transport journal, June 2005

Parallel velocity shear instabilities in an inhomogeneous plasma with a sheared magnetic field journal, January 1973

An Eulerian gyrokinetic-Maxwell solver journal, April 2003

Simulations of internal transport barrier formation in tokamak discharges using the GLF23 transport model journal, May 2002

Toroidal gyrofluid equations for simulations of tokamak turbulence journal, November 1996

Bounce averaged trapped electron fluid equations for plasma turbulence journal, November 1996

Gyro-Landau fluid equations for trapped and passing particles journal, October 2005

The first transport code simulations using the trapped gyro-Landau-fluid model journal, May 2008

Verification of gyrokinetic δf simulations of electron temperature gradient turbulence journal, August 2007

Plasma microturbulence simulation of instabilities at highly disparate scales journal, July 2007

Gyrokinetic simulations of ion and impurity transport journal, February 2005

Gyrokinetic theory and simulation of angular momentum transport journal, December 2007

Anomalous parallel momentum transport due to E×B flow shear in a tokamak plasma journal, September 2009

Impact of the background toroidal rotation on particle and heat turbulent transport in tokamak plasmas journal, January 2009

Transport of Parallel Momentum Induced by Current-Symmetry Breaking in Toroidal Plasmas journal, March 2009

Gyrokinetic simulation of momentum transport with residual stress from diamagnetic level velocity shears journal, April 2011

Consequences of profile shearing on toroidal momentum transport journal, June 2011

Gyrokinetic simulations including the centrifugal force in a rotating tokamak plasma journal, October 2010

New Paradigm for Suppression of Gyrokinetic Turbulence by Velocity Shear journal, January 2013

A new paradigm for E × B velocity shear suppression of gyro-kinetic turbulence and the momentum pinch journal, September 2013

Kinetic calculation of neoclassical transport including self-consistent electron and impurity dynamics journal, July 2008

Nonlinear electromagnetic gyrokinetic equation for plasmas with large mean flows journal, July 1998

The quiescent double barrier regime in DIII-D journal, April 2002

Pinch Effect for Trapped Particles in a Tokamak journal, July 1970

Improved High-Confinement Mode with Neon Injection in the DIII-D Tokamak journal, February 1999

Inward thermodiffusive particle pinch in electron internal transport barriers in TCV journal, July 2006

Poloidal momentum transport due to drift-waves in toroidal geometry journal, March 2004

Integrated modeling of plasma ramp-up in DIII-D ITER-like and high bootstrap current scenario discharges journal, April 2018

Tractable flux-driven temperature, density, and rotation profile evolution with the quasilinear gyrokinetic transport model QuaLiKiz journal, November 2017

Transport simulation of EAST long-pulse H-mode discharge with integrated modeling journal, February 2018

Global gyrokinetic simulations of intrinsic rotation in ASDEX Upgrade Ohmic L-mode plasmas journal, March 2018

Tractable flux-driven temperature, density, and rotation profile evolution with the quasilinear gyrokinetic transport model QuaLiKiz text, January 2017

Transport and performance in DIII-D discharges with weak or negative central magnetic shear
journal, May 1997

Deuterium–tritium plasmas in novel regimes in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor
journal, May 1997

JT-60U high performance regimes
journal, September 1999

Physics of high performance JET plasmas in DT
journal, September 1999

Electron heat transport in improved confinement discharges in DIII-D
journal, May 1999

Advances in the simulation of toroidal gyro‐Landau fluid model turbulence
journal, June 1995

Toroidal gyro‐Landau fluid model turbulence simulations in a nonlinear ballooning mode representation with radial modes
journal, July 1994

Theory and simulation of rotational shear stabilization of turbulence
journal, May 1998

Dynamics of core transport barrier formation and expansion in the DIII-D tokamak
journal, May 1998

A gyro-Landau-fluid transport model
journal, July 1997

Neoclassical ion transport in rotating axisymmetric plasmas
journal, January 1985

Electric field effects on ion temperature gradient modes in a sheared slab
journal, October 1991

Nonlinear gyrokinetic turbulence simulations of E×B shear quenching of transport
journal, June 2005

Parallel velocity shear instabilities in an inhomogeneous plasma with a sheared magnetic field
journal, January 1973

An Eulerian gyrokinetic-Maxwell solver
journal, April 2003

Simulations of internal transport barrier formation in tokamak discharges using the GLF23 transport model
journal, May 2002

Toroidal gyrofluid equations for simulations of tokamak turbulence
journal, November 1996

Bounce averaged trapped electron fluid equations for plasma turbulence
journal, November 1996

Gyro-Landau fluid equations for trapped and passing particles
journal, October 2005

The first transport code simulations using the trapped gyro-Landau-fluid model
journal, May 2008

Verification of gyrokinetic δf simulations of electron temperature gradient turbulence
journal, August 2007

Plasma microturbulence simulation of instabilities at highly disparate scales
journal, July 2007

Gyrokinetic simulations of ion and impurity transport
journal, February 2005

Gyrokinetic theory and simulation of angular momentum transport
journal, December 2007

Anomalous parallel momentum transport due to E×B flow shear in a tokamak plasma
journal, September 2009

Impact of the background toroidal rotation on particle and heat turbulent transport in tokamak plasmas
journal, January 2009

Transport of Parallel Momentum Induced by Current-Symmetry Breaking in Toroidal Plasmas
journal, March 2009

Gyrokinetic simulation of momentum transport with residual stress from diamagnetic level velocity shears
journal, April 2011

Consequences of profile shearing on toroidal momentum transport
journal, June 2011

Gyrokinetic simulations including the centrifugal force in a rotating tokamak plasma
journal, October 2010

New Paradigm for Suppression of Gyrokinetic Turbulence by Velocity Shear
journal, January 2013

A new paradigm for E × B velocity shear suppression of gyro-kinetic turbulence and the momentum pinch
journal, September 2013

Kinetic calculation of neoclassical transport including self-consistent electron and impurity dynamics
journal, July 2008

Nonlinear electromagnetic gyrokinetic equation for plasmas with large mean flows
journal, July 1998

The quiescent double barrier regime in DIII-D
journal, April 2002

Pinch Effect for Trapped Particles in a Tokamak
journal, July 1970

Improved High-Confinement Mode with Neon Injection in the DIII-D Tokamak
journal, February 1999

Inward thermodiffusive particle pinch in electron internal transport barriers in TCV
journal, July 2006

Poloidal momentum transport due to drift-waves in toroidal geometry
journal, March 2004

Integrated modeling of plasma ramp-up in DIII-D ITER-like and high bootstrap current scenario discharges
journal, April 2018

Tractable flux-driven temperature, density, and rotation profile evolution with the quasilinear gyrokinetic transport model QuaLiKiz
journal, November 2017

Transport simulation of EAST long-pulse H-mode discharge with integrated modeling
journal, February 2018

Global gyrokinetic simulations of intrinsic rotation in ASDEX Upgrade Ohmic L-mode plasmas
journal, March 2018

Tractable flux-driven temperature, density, and rotation profile evolution with the quasilinear gyrokinetic transport model QuaLiKiz
text, January 2017