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Title: Shapes of rotating superfluid helium nanodroplets

Abstract

Rotating superfluid He droplets of approximately 1 μm in diameter were obtained in a free nozzle beam expansion of liquid He in vacuum and were studied by single-shot coherent diffractive imaging using an x-ray free electron laser. The formation of strongly deformed droplets is evidenced by large anisotropies and intensity anomalies (streaks) in the obtained diffraction images. The analysis of the images shows that in addition to previously described axially symmetric oblate shapes, some droplets exhibit prolate shapes. Forward modeling of the diffraction images indicates that the shapes of rotating superfluid droplets are very similar to their classical counterparts, giving direct access to the droplet angular momenta and angular velocities. The analyses of the radial intensity distribution and appearance statistics of the anisotropic images confirm the existence of oblate metastable superfluid droplets with large angular momenta beyond the classical bifurcation threshold.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [6];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [14];  [6];  [15];  [16];  [17]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  2. Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
  3. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Chemical Sciences Division; Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
  4. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
  5. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS); Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States). Dept. of Applied Physics
  6. Technical Univ. of Berlin, Berlin (Germany). Inst. of Optics and Atomic Physics
  7. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Chemical Sciences Division; Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Vescent Photonics, Inc., Golden, CO (United States)
  8. Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; IPG Photonics, Santa Clara, CA (United States)
  9. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Chemical Sciences Division; Aarhus Univ., Aarhus (Denmark). Dept. of Chemistry
  10. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS); Technical Univ. of Berlin, Berlin (Germany). Inst. of Optics and Atomic Physics
  11. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)
  12. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS); California Lutheran Univ., Thousand Oaks, CA (United States)
  13. Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Monk Family Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
  14. Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK (Canada). Dept. of Geological Sciences
  15. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and Photon Ultrafast Laser Science and Engineering Inst. (PULSE); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States); Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  16. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Chemical Sciences Division
  17. Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy and . Dept. of Chemistry
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division; National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1353180
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1344133; OSTI ID: 1459382
Grant/Contract Number:  
DMR-1501276; CHE-1362535; AC02-05CH11231; AC02-06CH11357; LA1214; AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review B
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 95; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9950
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; 77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; superfluidity; nanoclusters; x-ray diffraction

Citation Formats

Bernando, Charles, Tanyag, Rico Mayro P., Jones, Curtis, Bacellar, Camila, Bucher, Maximilian, Ferguson, Ken R., Rupp, Daniela, Ziemkiewicz, Michael P., Gomez, Luis F., Chatterley, Adam S., Gorkhover, Tais, Muller, Maria, Bozek, John, Carron, Sebastian, Kwok, Justin, Butler, Samuel L., Moller, Thomas, Bostedt, Christoph, Gessner, Oliver, and Vilesov, Andrey F. Shapes of rotating superfluid helium nanodroplets. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.95.064510.
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Bernando, Charles, Tanyag, Rico Mayro P., Jones, Curtis, Bacellar, Camila, Bucher, Maximilian, Ferguson, Ken R., Rupp, Daniela, Ziemkiewicz, Michael P., Gomez, Luis F., Chatterley, Adam S., Gorkhover, Tais, Muller, Maria, Bozek, John, Carron, Sebastian, Kwok, Justin, Butler, Samuel L., Moller, Thomas, Bostedt, Christoph, Gessner, Oliver, & Vilesov, Andrey F. Shapes of rotating superfluid helium nanodroplets. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.064510
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Bernando, Charles, Tanyag, Rico Mayro P., Jones, Curtis, Bacellar, Camila, Bucher, Maximilian, Ferguson, Ken R., Rupp, Daniela, Ziemkiewicz, Michael P., Gomez, Luis F., Chatterley, Adam S., Gorkhover, Tais, Muller, Maria, Bozek, John, Carron, Sebastian, Kwok, Justin, Butler, Samuel L., Moller, Thomas, Bostedt, Christoph, Gessner, Oliver, and Vilesov, Andrey F. Thu . "Shapes of rotating superfluid helium nanodroplets". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.064510. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1353180.
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@article{osti_1353180,
title = {Shapes of rotating superfluid helium nanodroplets},
author = {Bernando, Charles and Tanyag, Rico Mayro P. and Jones, Curtis and Bacellar, Camila and Bucher, Maximilian and Ferguson, Ken R. and Rupp, Daniela and Ziemkiewicz, Michael P. and Gomez, Luis F. and Chatterley, Adam S. and Gorkhover, Tais and Muller, Maria and Bozek, John and Carron, Sebastian and Kwok, Justin and Butler, Samuel L. and Moller, Thomas and Bostedt, Christoph and Gessner, Oliver and Vilesov, Andrey F.},
abstractNote = {Rotating superfluid He droplets of approximately 1 μm in diameter were obtained in a free nozzle beam expansion of liquid He in vacuum and were studied by single-shot coherent diffractive imaging using an x-ray free electron laser. The formation of strongly deformed droplets is evidenced by large anisotropies and intensity anomalies (streaks) in the obtained diffraction images. The analysis of the images shows that in addition to previously described axially symmetric oblate shapes, some droplets exhibit prolate shapes. Forward modeling of the diffraction images indicates that the shapes of rotating superfluid droplets are very similar to their classical counterparts, giving direct access to the droplet angular momenta and angular velocities. The analyses of the radial intensity distribution and appearance statistics of the anisotropic images confirm the existence of oblate metastable superfluid droplets with large angular momenta beyond the classical bifurcation threshold.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.95.064510},
journal = {Physical Review B},
number = 6,
volume = 95,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Feb 16 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Thu Feb 16 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.064510
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Coherent diffractive imaging of single helium nanodroplets with a high harmonic generation source
    journal, September 2017

    Equilibrium shapes of two-phase rotating fluid drops with surface tension
    journal, January 2020

    Real-time observation of jumping and spinning nanodroplets
    journal, January 2020

    • Olshin, Pavel K.; Voss, Jonathan M.; Drabbels, Marcel
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    Infrared spectroscopy in superfluid helium droplets
    journal, December 2018

    Three-dimensional shapes of spinning helium nanodroplets
    text, January 2018

    Coherent diffractive imaging of single helium nanodroplets with a high harmonic generation source
    text, January 2017

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