Comparing evapotranspiration from Eddy covariance measurements, water budgets, remote sensing, and land surface models over Canada a, b

Wang, Shusen; Pan, Ming; Mu, Qiaozhen; Shi, Xiaoying; Mao, Jiafu; Brümmer, Christian; Jassal, Rachhpal S.; Krishnan, Praveena; Li, Junhua; Black, T. Andrew

doi:10.1175/JHM-D-14-0189.1

Title: Comparing evapotranspiration from Eddy covariance measurements, water budgets, remote sensing, and land surface models over Canada ^a, ^b

Abstract

Here, this study compares six evapotranspiration ET products for Canada's landmass, namely, eddy covariance EC measurements; surface water budget ET; remote sensing ET from MODIS; and land surface model (LSM) ET from the Community Land Model (CLM), the Ecological Assimilation of Land and Climate Observations (EALCO) model, and the Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC). The ET climatology over the Canadian landmass is characterized and the advantages and limitations of the datasets are discussed. The EC measurements have limited spatial coverage, making it difficult for model validations at the national scale. Water budget ET has the largest uncertainty because of data quality issues with precipitation in mountainous regions and in the north. MODIS ET shows relatively large uncertainty in cold seasons and sparsely vegetated regions. The LSM products cover the entire landmass and exhibit small differences in ET among them. Annual ET from the LSMs ranges from small negative values to over 600 mm across the landmass, with a countrywide average of 256 ± 15 mm. Seasonally, the countrywide average monthly ET varies from a low of about 3 mm in four winter months (November-February) to 67 ± 7 mm in July. The ET uncertainty is scale dependent. Larger regions tendmore »« less

Authors:

Wang, Shusen ^[1]; Pan, Ming ^[2]; Mu, Qiaozhen ^[3]; Shi, Xiaoying ^[4]; Mao, Jiafu ^[4]; Brümmer, Christian ^[5]; Jassal, Rachhpal S. ^[6]; Krishnan, Praveena ^[7]; Li, Junhua ^[1]; Black, T. Andrew ^[6]

Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation, Ottawa, ON (Canada)
Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States)
Univ. of Montana, Missoula, MT (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Thunen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig (Germany)
The Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
NOAA, Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Oak Ridge Assoc. Univ., Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: Wed Jul 29 00:00:00 EDT 2015

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1333655

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Hydrometeorology

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 16; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 1525-755X

Publisher:: American Meteorological Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; 58 GEOSCIENCES; Evapotranspiration; Remote sensing; Surface observations; Model comparison; Ecological models; BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; ENERGY-EXCHANGE; CLIMATE MODELS; USE EFFICIENCY; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; TEMPERATE; CARBON; MODIS

Citation Formats


                    Wang, Shusen, Pan, Ming, Mu, Qiaozhen, Shi, Xiaoying, Mao, Jiafu, Brümmer, Christian, Jassal, Rachhpal S., Krishnan, Praveena, Li, Junhua, and Black, T. Andrew. Comparing evapotranspiration from Eddy covariance measurements, water budgets, remote sensing, and land surface models over Canada a, b.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
Web.  doi:10.1175/JHM-D-14-0189.1.

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                    Wang, Shusen, Pan, Ming, Mu, Qiaozhen, Shi, Xiaoying, Mao, Jiafu, Brümmer, Christian, Jassal, Rachhpal S., Krishnan, Praveena, Li, Junhua, & Black, T. Andrew. Comparing evapotranspiration from Eddy covariance measurements, water budgets, remote sensing, and land surface models over Canada a, b.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0189.1

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                    Wang, Shusen, Pan, Ming, Mu, Qiaozhen, Shi, Xiaoying, Mao, Jiafu, Brümmer, Christian, Jassal, Rachhpal S., Krishnan, Praveena, Li, Junhua, and Black, T. Andrew. Wed .  
"Comparing evapotranspiration from Eddy covariance measurements, water budgets, remote sensing, and land surface models over Canada a, b".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0189.1.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1333655.

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@article{osti_1333655,

  title        = {Comparing evapotranspiration from Eddy covariance measurements, water budgets, remote sensing, and land surface models over Canada a, b},

  author       = {Wang, Shusen and Pan, Ming and Mu, Qiaozhen and Shi, Xiaoying and Mao, Jiafu and Brümmer, Christian and Jassal, Rachhpal S. and Krishnan, Praveena and Li, Junhua and Black, T. Andrew},

  abstractNote = {Here, this study compares six evapotranspiration ET products for Canada's landmass, namely, eddy covariance EC measurements; surface water budget ET; remote sensing ET from MODIS; and land surface model (LSM) ET from the Community Land Model (CLM), the Ecological Assimilation of Land and Climate Observations (EALCO) model, and the Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC). The ET climatology over the Canadian landmass is characterized and the advantages and limitations of the datasets are discussed. The EC measurements have limited spatial coverage, making it difficult for model validations at the national scale. Water budget ET has the largest uncertainty because of data quality issues with precipitation in mountainous regions and in the north. MODIS ET shows relatively large uncertainty in cold seasons and sparsely vegetated regions. The LSM products cover the entire landmass and exhibit small differences in ET among them. Annual ET from the LSMs ranges from small negative values to over 600 mm across the landmass, with a countrywide average of 256 ± 15 mm. Seasonally, the countrywide average monthly ET varies from a low of about 3 mm in four winter months (November-February) to 67 ± 7 mm in July. The ET uncertainty is scale dependent. Larger regions tend to have smaller uncertainties because of the offset of positive and negative biases within the region. More observation networks and better quality controls are critical to improving ET estimates. Future techniques should also consider a hybrid approach that integrates strengths of the various ET products to help reduce uncertainties in ET estimation.},

  doi          = {10.1175/JHM-D-14-0189.1},

  journal      = {Journal of Hydrometeorology},

  number       = 4,

  volume       = 16,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Jul 29 00:00:00 EDT 2015},

  month        = {Wed Jul 29 00:00:00 EDT 2015}

}

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Title: Comparing evapotranspiration from Eddy covariance measurements, water budgets, remote sensing, and land surface models over Canada a, b

Abstract

Citation Formats

How climate and vegetation type influence evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in Canadian forest, peatland and grassland ecosystems journal, February 2012

Regional evaporation estimates from flux tower and MODIS satellite data journal, February 2007

Physiographically sensitive mapping of climatological temperature and precipitation across the conterminous United States journal, December 2008

Forest water use and water use efficiency at elevated CO 2 : a model-data intercomparison at two contrasting temperate forest FACE sites journal, March 2013

Where does the carbon go? A model-data intercomparison of vegetation carbon allocation and turnover processes at two temperate forest free-air CO 2 enrichment sites journal, May 2014

Observational evidence of an intensifying hydrological cycle in northern Canada journal, January 2009

Trends in Land Evapotranspiration over Canada for the Period 1960–2000 Based on In Situ Climate Observations and a Land Surface Model journal, October 2007

Global estimates of the land–atmosphere water flux based on monthly AVHRR and ISLSCP-II data, validated at 16 FLUXNET sites journal, March 2008

Global land cover mapping from MODIS: algorithms and early results journal, November 2002

Recharge estimation using remotely sensed evapotranspiration in an irrigated catchment in southeast Australia journal, September 2011

Intercomparison of techniques to model high temperature effects on CO2 and energy exchange in temperate and boreal coniferous forests journal, November 2005

Intercomparison of techniques to model water stress effects on CO2 and energy exchange in temperate and boreal deciduous forests journal, July 2006

The derivation of the green vegetation fraction from NOAA/AVHRR data for use in numerical weather prediction models journal, January 1998

Sources of Uncertainty in Canadian Low Flow Hydrometric Data journal, January 2008

Quantifying Uncertainty in Streamflow Records journal, January 2012

Global land cover classification at 1 km spatial resolution using a classification tree approach journal, January 2000

Oak Forest Carbon and Water Simulations: Model Intercomparisons and Evaluations Against Independent data journal, August 2004

The underpinnings of land-use history: three centuries of global gridded land-use transitions, wood-harvest activity, and resulting secondary lands journal, July 2006

Evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in different-aged Pacific Northwest Douglas-fir stands journal, June 2009

Recent decline in the global land evapotranspiration trend due to limited moisture supply journal, October 2010

Impact of changing soil moisture distribution on net ecosystem productivity of a boreal aspen forest during and following drought journal, October 2006

Energy exchange and evapotranspiration over two temperate semi-arid grasslands in North America journal, February 2012

Water use by terrestrial ecosystems: temporal variability in rainforest and agricultural contributions to evapotranspiration in Mato Grosso, Brazil journal, June 2012

The Partitioning of Evapotranspiration into Transpiration, Soil Evaporation, and Canopy Evaporation in a GCM: Impacts on Land–Atmosphere Interaction journal, August 2007

A simple hydrologically based model of land surface water and energy fluxes for general circulation models journal, January 1994

Surface soil moisture parameterization of the VIC-2L model: Evaluation and modification journal, June 1996

Direct impacts on local climate of sugar-cane expansion in Brazil journal, April 2011

Uncertainty in evapotranspiration from land surface modeling, remote sensing, and GRACE satellites journal, February 2014

A Canadian Precipitation Analysis (CaPA) Project: Description and Preliminary Results journal, March 2007

Remote Sensing Evaluation of CLM4 GPP for the Period 2000–09 journal, August 2012

Global Latitudinal-Asymmetric Vegetation Growth Trends and Their Driving Mechanisms: 1982–2009 journal, March 2013

The development of 1901–2000 historical monthly climate models for Canada and the United States journal, August 2006

Customized Spatial Climate Models for North America journal, December 2011

The multi-institution North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS): Utilizing multiple GCIP products and partners in a continental distributed hydrological modeling system journal, January 2004

An evaluation of hydrometric monitoring across the Canadian pan-Arctic region, 1950–2008 journal, December 2011

The net carbon drawdown of small scale afforestation from satellite observations journal, December 2009

Development of a global evapotranspiration algorithm based on MODIS and global meteorology data journal, December 2007

Evaluating water stress controls on primary production in biogeochemical and remote sensing based models journal, January 2007

Improvements to a MODIS global terrestrial evapotranspiration algorithm journal, August 2011

Global products of vegetation leaf area and fraction absorbed PAR from year one of MODIS data journal, November 2002

Improvements to the Community Land Model and their impact on the hydrological cycle: COMMUNITY LAND MODEL HYDROLOGY journal, March 2008

Technical Description of version 4.0 of the Community Land Model (CLM) text, January 2010

Inverse streamflow routing journal, January 2013

Multisource Estimation of Long-Term Terrestrial Water Budget for Major Global River Basins journal, May 2012

Evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge – A case study for different climate, crop patterns, soil properties and groundwater depth conditions - journal, January 1986

Interannual variability of evapotranspiration and energy exchange over an annual grassland in California journal, January 2008

Validation of the MODIS bidirectional reflectance distribution function and albedo retrievals using combined observations from the aqua and terra platforms journal, June 2006

First operational BRDF, albedo nadir reflectance products from MODIS journal, November 2002

Characteristics of global and regional drought, 1950–2000: Analysis of soil moisture data from off-line simulation of the terrestrial hydrologic cycle journal, January 2007

Development of a 50-Year High-Resolution Global Dataset of Meteorological Forcings for Land Surface Modeling journal, July 2006

Spatiotemporal patterns of evapotranspiration in response to multiple environmental factors simulated by the Community Land Model journal, April 2013

Streamflow Variability (1965 to 1998) in Five Northwest Territories and Nunavut Rivers journal, January 2002

Increasing winter baseflow and mean annual streamflow from possible permafrost thawing in the Northwest Territories, Canada journal, January 2009

An Improved Canopy Integration Scheme for a Land Surface Model with Prognostic Canopy Structure journal, August 2007

Correcting eddy-covariance flux underestimates over a grassland journal, June 2000

Influence of permafrost distribution on groundwater flow in the context of climate-driven permafrost thaw: Example from Yukon Flats Basin, Alaska, United States: PERMAFROST DISTRIBUTION AND GROUNDWATER FLOW journal, July 2012

Evaluation of CLM4 Solar Radiation Partitioning Scheme Using Remote Sensing and Site Level FPAR Datasets journal, June 2013

Dynamics of surface albedo of a boreal forest and its simulation journal, May 2005

Simulation of Evapotranspiration and Its Response to Plant Water and CO2 Transfer Dynamics journal, June 2008

Impact of climate variations on surface albedo of a temperate grassland journal, February 2007

Modelling plant carbon and nitrogen dynamics of a boreal aspen forest in CLASS — the Canadian Land Surface Scheme journal, August 2001

Modelling carbon-coupled energy and water dynamics of a boreal aspen forest in a general circulation model land surface scheme journal, January 2002

Comparison of International Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report climate model simulations of surface albedo with satellite products over northern latitudes journal, January 2006

Simulation of canopy radiation transfer and surface albedo in the EALCO model journal, April 2007

Modeling the Response of Canopy Stomatal Conductance to Humidity journal, April 2009

Spatial and seasonal variations in evapotranspiration over Canada's landmass journal, January 2013

Assessment of water budget for sixteen large drainage basins in Canada journal, May 2014

A national-scale assessment of long-term water budget closures for Canada's watersheds journal, July 2014

Long-term water budget imbalances and error sources for cold region drainage basins: COLD REGION WATER IMBALANCE journal, October 2014

RAMI4PILPS: An intercomparison of formulations for the partitioning of solar radiation in land surface models journal, January 2011

A land-surface hydrology parameterization with subgrid variability for general circulation models journal, January 1992

Simplifying the revised three-temperature model for remotely estimating regional evapotranspiration and its application to a semi-arid steppe journal, February 2014

Evaluation of 11 terrestrial carbon-nitrogen cycle models against observations from two temperate Free-Air CO 2 Enrichment studies journal, January 2014

Flux footprint of carbon dioxide and vapor exchange over the terrestrial ecosystem: a review [陆地生态系统碳水通量贡献区评价综述] journal, January 2012

Impact of snow cover on soil temperature and its simulation in a boreal aspen forest journal, May 2008

Enhancement of a Parsimonious Water Balance Model to Simulate Surface Hydrology in a Glacierized Watershed journal, May 2018

Multimodel‐based analyses of evapotranspiration and its controls in China over the last three decades journal, April 2020

Title: Comparing evapotranspiration from Eddy covariance measurements, water budgets, remote sensing, and land surface models over Canada ^a, ^b

How climate and vegetation type influence evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in Canadian forest, peatland and grassland ecosystems
journal, February 2012

Regional evaporation estimates from flux tower and MODIS satellite data
journal, February 2007

Physiographically sensitive mapping of climatological temperature and precipitation across the conterminous United States
journal, December 2008

Forest water use and water use efficiency at elevated CO ₂ : a model-data intercomparison at two contrasting temperate forest FACE sites
journal, March 2013

Where does the carbon go? A model-data intercomparison of vegetation carbon allocation and turnover processes at two temperate forest free-air CO ₂ enrichment sites
journal, May 2014

Observational evidence of an intensifying hydrological cycle in northern Canada
journal, January 2009

Trends in Land Evapotranspiration over Canada for the Period 1960–2000 Based on In Situ Climate Observations and a Land Surface Model
journal, October 2007

Global estimates of the land–atmosphere water flux based on monthly AVHRR and ISLSCP-II data, validated at 16 FLUXNET sites
journal, March 2008

Global land cover mapping from MODIS: algorithms and early results
journal, November 2002

Recharge estimation using remotely sensed evapotranspiration in an irrigated catchment in southeast Australia
journal, September 2011

Intercomparison of techniques to model high temperature effects on CO2 and energy exchange in temperate and boreal coniferous forests
journal, November 2005

Intercomparison of techniques to model water stress effects on CO2 and energy exchange in temperate and boreal deciduous forests
journal, July 2006

The derivation of the green vegetation fraction from NOAA/AVHRR data for use in numerical weather prediction models
journal, January 1998

Sources of Uncertainty in Canadian Low Flow Hydrometric Data
journal, January 2008

Quantifying Uncertainty in Streamflow Records
journal, January 2012

Global land cover classification at 1 km spatial resolution using a classification tree approach
journal, January 2000

Oak Forest Carbon and Water Simulations: Model Intercomparisons and Evaluations Against Independent data
journal, August 2004

The underpinnings of land-use history: three centuries of global gridded land-use transitions, wood-harvest activity, and resulting secondary lands
journal, July 2006

Evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in different-aged Pacific Northwest Douglas-fir stands
journal, June 2009

Recent decline in the global land evapotranspiration trend due to limited moisture supply
journal, October 2010

Impact of changing soil moisture distribution on net ecosystem productivity of a boreal aspen forest during and following drought
journal, October 2006

Energy exchange and evapotranspiration over two temperate semi-arid grasslands in North America
journal, February 2012

Water use by terrestrial ecosystems: temporal variability in rainforest and agricultural contributions to evapotranspiration in Mato Grosso, Brazil
journal, June 2012

The Partitioning of Evapotranspiration into Transpiration, Soil Evaporation, and Canopy Evaporation in a GCM: Impacts on Land–Atmosphere Interaction
journal, August 2007

A simple hydrologically based model of land surface water and energy fluxes for general circulation models
journal, January 1994

Surface soil moisture parameterization of the VIC-2L model: Evaluation and modification
journal, June 1996

Direct impacts on local climate of sugar-cane expansion in Brazil
journal, April 2011

Uncertainty in evapotranspiration from land surface modeling, remote sensing, and GRACE satellites
journal, February 2014

A Canadian Precipitation Analysis (CaPA) Project: Description and Preliminary Results
journal, March 2007

Remote Sensing Evaluation of CLM4 GPP for the Period 2000–09
journal, August 2012

Global Latitudinal-Asymmetric Vegetation Growth Trends and Their Driving Mechanisms: 1982–2009
journal, March 2013

The development of 1901–2000 historical monthly climate models for Canada and the United States
journal, August 2006

Customized Spatial Climate Models for North America
journal, December 2011

The multi-institution North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS): Utilizing multiple GCIP products and partners in a continental distributed hydrological modeling system
journal, January 2004

An evaluation of hydrometric monitoring across the Canadian pan-Arctic region, 1950–2008
journal, December 2011

The net carbon drawdown of small scale afforestation from satellite observations
journal, December 2009

Development of a global evapotranspiration algorithm based on MODIS and global meteorology data
journal, December 2007

Evaluating water stress controls on primary production in biogeochemical and remote sensing based models
journal, January 2007

Improvements to a MODIS global terrestrial evapotranspiration algorithm
journal, August 2011

Global products of vegetation leaf area and fraction absorbed PAR from year one of MODIS data
journal, November 2002

Improvements to the Community Land Model and their impact on the hydrological cycle: COMMUNITY LAND MODEL HYDROLOGY
journal, March 2008

Technical Description of version 4.0 of the Community Land Model (CLM)
text, January 2010

Inverse streamflow routing
journal, January 2013

Multisource Estimation of Long-Term Terrestrial Water Budget for Major Global River Basins
journal, May 2012

Evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge – A case study for different climate, crop patterns, soil properties and groundwater depth conditions -
journal, January 1986

Interannual variability of evapotranspiration and energy exchange over an annual grassland in California
journal, January 2008

Validation of the MODIS bidirectional reflectance distribution function and albedo retrievals using combined observations from the aqua and terra platforms
journal, June 2006

First operational BRDF, albedo nadir reflectance products from MODIS
journal, November 2002

Characteristics of global and regional drought, 1950–2000: Analysis of soil moisture data from off-line simulation of the terrestrial hydrologic cycle
journal, January 2007

Development of a 50-Year High-Resolution Global Dataset of Meteorological Forcings for Land Surface Modeling
journal, July 2006

Spatiotemporal patterns of evapotranspiration in response to multiple environmental factors simulated by the Community Land Model
journal, April 2013

Streamflow Variability (1965 to 1998) in Five Northwest Territories and Nunavut Rivers
journal, January 2002

Increasing winter baseflow and mean annual streamflow from possible permafrost thawing in the Northwest Territories, Canada
journal, January 2009

An Improved Canopy Integration Scheme for a Land Surface Model with Prognostic Canopy Structure
journal, August 2007

Correcting eddy-covariance flux underestimates over a grassland
journal, June 2000

Influence of permafrost distribution on groundwater flow in the context of climate-driven permafrost thaw: Example from Yukon Flats Basin, Alaska, United States: PERMAFROST DISTRIBUTION AND GROUNDWATER FLOW
journal, July 2012

Evaluation of CLM4 Solar Radiation Partitioning Scheme Using Remote Sensing and Site Level FPAR Datasets
journal, June 2013

Dynamics of surface albedo of a boreal forest and its simulation
journal, May 2005

Simulation of Evapotranspiration and Its Response to Plant Water and CO2 Transfer Dynamics
journal, June 2008

Impact of climate variations on surface albedo of a temperate grassland
journal, February 2007

Modelling plant carbon and nitrogen dynamics of a boreal aspen forest in CLASS — the Canadian Land Surface Scheme
journal, August 2001

Modelling carbon-coupled energy and water dynamics of a boreal aspen forest in a general circulation model land surface scheme
journal, January 2002

Comparison of International Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report climate model simulations of surface albedo with satellite products over northern latitudes
journal, January 2006

Simulation of canopy radiation transfer and surface albedo in the EALCO model
journal, April 2007

Modeling the Response of Canopy Stomatal Conductance to Humidity
journal, April 2009

Spatial and seasonal variations in evapotranspiration over Canada's landmass
journal, January 2013

Assessment of water budget for sixteen large drainage basins in Canada
journal, May 2014

A national-scale assessment of long-term water budget closures for Canada's watersheds
journal, July 2014

Long-term water budget imbalances and error sources for cold region drainage basins: COLD REGION WATER IMBALANCE
journal, October 2014

RAMI4PILPS: An intercomparison of formulations for the partitioning of solar radiation in land surface models
journal, January 2011

A land-surface hydrology parameterization with subgrid variability for general circulation models
journal, January 1992

Simplifying the revised three-temperature model for remotely estimating regional evapotranspiration and its application to a semi-arid steppe
journal, February 2014

Evaluation of 11 terrestrial carbon-nitrogen cycle models against observations from two temperate Free-Air CO ₂ Enrichment studies
journal, January 2014

Flux footprint of carbon dioxide and vapor exchange over the terrestrial ecosystem: a review [陆地生态系统碳水通量贡献区评价综述]
journal, January 2012

Impact of snow cover on soil temperature and its simulation in a boreal aspen forest
journal, May 2008

Enhancement of a Parsimonious Water Balance Model to Simulate Surface Hydrology in a Glacierized Watershed
journal, May 2018

Multimodel‐based analyses of evapotranspiration and its controls in China over the last three decades
journal, April 2020

Higher temporal evapotranspiration estimation with improved SEBS model from geostationary meteorological satellite data
journal, October 2019

A Simulation Study of Global Evapotranspiration Components Using the Community Land Model
journal, May 2018