Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3 with WO3-TiO2 Catalysts: Influence of Catalyst Synthesis Method

He, Yuanyuan; Ford, Michael E.; Zhu, Minghui; Liu, Qingcai; Wu, Zili; Wachs, Israel E.

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.01.072

Title: Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH₃ with WO₃-TiO₂ Catalysts: Influence of Catalyst Synthesis Method

Abstract

A series of supported WO₃/TiO₂ catalysts was prepared by a new synthesis procedure involving co-precipitation of an aqueous TiO(OH)₂ and (NH₄)₁₀W₁₂O₄₁*5H₂O slurry under controlled pH conditions. The morphological properties, molecular structures, surface acidity and surface chemistry of the supported WO₃/TiO₂ catalysts were determined with BET, in situ Raman, in situ IR and temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR) spectroscopy, respectively. Isotopic ¹⁸O-¹⁶O exchange demonstrated that tungsten oxide was exclusively present as surface WO_x species on the TiO₂ support with mono-oxo W=O coordination. In contrast to previous studies employing impregnation synthesis that found only surface one mono-oxo O=WO₄ site on TiO₂, the co-precipitation procedure resulted in the formation of two distinct surface WO_x species: mono-oxo O=WO₄ (~1010-1017 cm^-1) on low defect density patches of TiO₂ and a second mono-oxo O=WO₄ (~983-986 cm^-1) on high defect density patches of TiO₂. The concentration of the second WO_x surface species increases as a function of solution pH. Both surface WOx sites, however, exhibited the same NO/NH₃ SCR reactivity. The co-precipitated WO₃-TiO₂ catalysts synthesized in alkaline solutions exhibited enhanced performance for the NO/NH₃ SCR reaction that is ascribed to the greater number of surface defects on the resulting TiO2 support. For the co-precipitated catalyst prepared at pH10,more »« less

Authors:

He, Yuanyuan ^[1]; Ford, Michael E. ^[2]; Zhu, Minghui ^[2]; Liu, Qingcai ^[3]; Wu, Zili ^[4]; Wachs, Israel E. ^[2]

Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA (United States). Operando Molecular Spectroscopy & Catalysis Lab., Dept. of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; Chongqing Univ., Chongqing (China). College of Materials Science and Engineering
Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA (United States). Operando Molecular Spectroscopy & Catalysis Lab., Dept. of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
Chongqing Univ., Chongqing (China). College of Materials Science and Engineering
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Chemical Sciences Division; Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Science (CNMS)

Publication Date:: Tue Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2016

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Understanding and Control of Acid Gas-induced Evolution of Materials for Energy (UNCAGE-ME)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1295096

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1358764

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; SC0012577; 51274263; 51204220

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Applied Catalysis. B, Environmental

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 188; Journal ID: ISSN 0926-3373

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Catalysts; Co-precipitated; TiO2; WO3; Spectroscopy; Raman; IR; Temperature programmed surface reaction (TPSR); Reaction; NO; NH3; Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)

Citation Formats


                    He, Yuanyuan, Ford, Michael E., Zhu, Minghui, Liu, Qingcai, Wu, Zili, and Wachs, Israel E. Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3 with WO3-TiO2 Catalysts: Influence of Catalyst Synthesis Method.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.01.072.

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                    He, Yuanyuan, Ford, Michael E., Zhu, Minghui, Liu, Qingcai, Wu, Zili, & Wachs, Israel E. Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3 with WO3-TiO2 Catalysts: Influence of Catalyst Synthesis Method.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.01.072

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                    He, Yuanyuan, Ford, Michael E., Zhu, Minghui, Liu, Qingcai, Wu, Zili, and Wachs, Israel E. Tue .  
"Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3 with WO3-TiO2 Catalysts: Influence of Catalyst Synthesis Method".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.01.072.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1295096.

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@article{osti_1295096,

  title        = {Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3 with WO3-TiO2 Catalysts: Influence of Catalyst Synthesis Method},

  author       = {He, Yuanyuan and Ford, Michael E. and Zhu, Minghui and Liu, Qingcai and Wu, Zili and Wachs, Israel E.},

  abstractNote = {A series of supported WO3/TiO2 catalysts was prepared by a new synthesis procedure involving co-precipitation of an aqueous TiO(OH)2 and (NH4)10W12O41*5H2O slurry under controlled pH conditions. The morphological properties, molecular structures, surface acidity and surface chemistry of the supported WO3/TiO2 catalysts were determined with BET, in situ Raman, in situ IR and temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR) spectroscopy, respectively. Isotopic 18O-16O exchange demonstrated that tungsten oxide was exclusively present as surface WOx species on the TiO2 support with mono-oxo W=O coordination. In contrast to previous studies employing impregnation synthesis that found only surface one mono-oxo O=WO4 site on TiO2, the co-precipitation procedure resulted in the formation of two distinct surface WOx species: mono-oxo O=WO4 (~1010-1017 cm-1) on low defect density patches of TiO2 and a second mono-oxo O=WO4 (~983-986 cm-1) on high defect density patches of TiO2. The concentration of the second WOx surface species increases as a function of solution pH. Both surface WOx sites, however, exhibited the same NO/NH3 SCR reactivity. The co-precipitated WO3-TiO2 catalysts synthesized in alkaline solutions exhibited enhanced performance for the NO/NH3 SCR reaction that is ascribed to the greater number of surface defects on the resulting TiO2 support. For the co-precipitated catalyst prepared at pH10, surface NH4+ species on Br nsted acid sites were found to be more reactive than surface NH3* species on Lewis acid sites for SCR of NO with NH3.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.01.072},

  journal      = {Applied Catalysis. B, Environmental},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 188,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2016},

  month        = {Tue Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2016}

}

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Nature of Active Sites and Surface Intermediates during SCR of NO with NH₃ by Supported V₂O₅–WO₃/TiO₂ Catalysts

Journal Article Zhu, Minghui ; Lai, Jun-Kun ; Tumuluri, Uma ; ... - Journal of the American Chemical Society

In this study, time-resolved in situ IR was performed during selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃ on supported V₂O₅–WO₃/TiO₂ catalysts to examine the distribution and reactivity of surface ammonia species on Lewis and Brønsted acid sites. While both species were found to participate in the SCR reaction, their relative population depends on the coverage of the surface vanadia and tungsta sites, temperature, and moisture. Although the more abundant surface NH₄⁺,_ads intermediates dominate the overall SCR reaction, especially for hydrothermally aged catalysts, the minority surface NH_3,ads intermediates exhibit a higher specific SCR activity (TOF). Lastly, the current study serves tomore »« less
Cited by 193
https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b09646

Full Text Available
Effect of redox promoters (CeO_x and CuO_x) and surface sulfates on the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH₃ by supported V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ catalysts

Journal Article Guo, Mingyu ; Mosevitzky Lis, Bar ; Ford, Michael E. ; ... - Applied Catalysis. B, Environmental

A series of TiO₂-supported MO_x catalysts (M=V, W, Ce, Cu and S) were investigated for their SCR activity. In situ Raman spectroscopy indicated that the supported MO_x phases were completely dispersed as surface sites on the TiO₂ support. In situ IR revealed that surface VO_x, WO_x and SO_x sites anchored at both CeO_x/CuO_x and TiO₂ sites. The number of surface Lewis acid sites decreased with the addition of basic (CeO_x/CuO_x) and acidic (VO_x/WO_x) sites in all catalysts, and acidic SO_x in the unpromoted and Ce-promoted catalysts. The surface VO_x, WO_x and SO_x sites introduced surface Brønsted acid sites. The redoxmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.121108

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Kinetics of the selective reduction of NO with NH{sub 3} over a V{sub 2}O{sub 5}(WO{sub 3})/TiO{sub 2} commercial SCR catalyst

Journal Article Kamata, Hiroyuki ; Takahashi, Katsumi ; Odenbrand, C U.I. - Journal of Catalysis

In order to clarify the mechanism of the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia over a V{sub 2}O{sub 5}(WO{sub 3})/TiO{sub 2} commercial SCR catalyst, measurements were made on the reaction rate, r{sub NO}, as a function of partial pressure of nitric oxide, P{sub NO}, partial pressure of ammonia, P{sub NH{sub 3}}, and partial pressure of oxygen, P{sub O{sub 2}}, from 513 to 533 K under steady-state conditions. The adsorption of NO and NH{sub 3} on the catalyst was also observed by infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT). The apparent reaction orders with respect to NO were observed to be less thanmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1999.2470
A Perspective on the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO with NH₃ by Supported V₂O₅ –WO₃/TiO₂ Catalysts

Journal Article Lai, Jun-Kun ; Wachs, Israel E. - ACS Catalysis

We report the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x with NH₃ to harmless N₂ and H₂O plays a crucial role in reducing highly undesirable NO_x acid gas emissions from large utility boilers, industrial boilers, municipal waste plants, and incinerators. The supported V₂O₅ –WO₃/TiO₂ catalysts have become the most widely used industrial catalysts for these SCR applications since introduction of this technology in the early 1970s. Lastly, this Perspective examines the current fundamental understanding and recent advances of the supported V₂O₅ –WO₃/TiO₂ catalyst system: (i) catalyst synthesis, (ii) molecular structures of titaniasupported vanadium and tungsten oxide species, (iii) surface acidity, (iv)more »« less
Cited by 256
https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b01357

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Title: Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3 with WO3-TiO2 Catalysts: Influence of Catalyst Synthesis Method

Abstract

Citation Formats

Surface and catalytic properties of Vanadia-Titania and Tungsta-Titania systems in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of nitrogen oxides journal, May 1993

WO3–TiO2 monolithic catalysts for high temperature SCR of NO by NH3: Influence of preparation method on structural and physico-chemical properties, activity and durability journal, March 2007

Chemical and mechanistic aspects of the selective catalytic reduction of NO by ammonia over oxide catalysts: A review journal, September 1998

IR Spectroscopic Study of the Skeletal Isomerization of Butene by Alumina-Supported Tungsten Oxide Catalysts journal, September 1995

Functional assessment of the strength of solid acid catalysts journal, May 2009

Conversion of 1-butene over WO3-TiO2 Catalysts journal, January 1994

Photocatalytic Behavior of WO3-Loaded TiO2 in an Oxidation Reaction journal, April 2000

Systematic mechanism study of the high temperature SCR of NO by NH3 over a W/TiO2 catalyst journal, September 2012

The effect of metal oxide additives on the activity of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia journal, February 1999

Present status and perspectives in de-NOx SCR catalysis journal, December 2001

Effect of vanadia and tungsten loadings on the physical and chemical characteristics of V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts journal, February 2004

Tuning the Electronic and Molecular Structures of Catalytic Active Sites with Titania Nanoligands journal, January 2009

Influence of calcination treatment on the structure of grafted WOx species on titania journal, February 1999

Structure of WO x /TiO 2 Catalysts Prepared from Hydrous Titanium Oxide Hydroxide: Influence of Preparation Parameters journal, January 2001

Catalysis science of the solid acidity of model supported tungsten oxide catalysts journal, August 2006

Structural Determination of Bulk and Surface Tungsten Oxides with UV−vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy journal, September 2007

Quantitative relationship between the nature of surface species and the catalytic activity of tungsten oxides supported on crystallized titania journal, March 2010

The interfacial chemistry of the impregnation step involved in the preparation of tungsten(VI) supported titania catalysts journal, March 2009

Molecular structure and catalytic activity of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts for the SCR of NO by NH3: In situ Raman spectra in the presence of O2, NH3, NO, H2, H2O, and SO2 journal, April 2006

Redox and acid reactivity of wolframyl centers on oxide carriers: Brønsted, Lewis and redox sites journal, August 2001

WOx/TiO2Catalysts Prepared by Grafting of Tungsten Alkoxides: Morphological Properties and Catalytic Behavior in the Selective Reduction of NO by NH3 journal, April 1996

Molecular/electronic structure–surface acidity relationships of model-supported tungsten oxide catalysts journal, March 2007

Characterization of tungsten oxide supported on TiO2 and activity for acid catalysis journal, January 2000

Preparation,Characterization and Photo-catalytic Behavior of WO3/TiO2 Nanopowder journal, January 2000

A study on the monolayer dispersion of tungsten oxide on anatase journal, November 2001

Relations between Structure, Acidity, and Activity of WO x /TiO 2 : Influence of the Initial State of the Support, Titanium Oxyhydroxide, or Titanium Oxide journal, November 2006

Photocatalytic activity of WOx-TiO2 under visible light irradiation journal, July 2001

Synthesis of WO3/TiO2 nanocomposites via sol–gel method journal, August 2005

Preparation of selective catalytic reduction catalysts via milling and thermal spreading journal, November 1997

Flame-made WO3/TiO2 nanoparticles: Relation between surface acidity, structure and photocatalytic activity journal, February 2008

Vanadia and tungsta grafted on TiO2: influence of the grafting sequence on structural and chemical properties journal, May 2000

Acidity of WOx/TiO2 Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) book, January 1993

Oxide phonon spectra journal, January 1969

Thermal stability of vanadia-tungsta-titania catalysts in the SCR process journal, November 2002

Structural determination of supported vanadium pentoxide-tungsten trioxide-titania catalysts by in situ Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy journal, November 1991

X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the titania- and alumina-supported tungsten oxide system journal, September 1991

Structure of surface tungsten oxide species in the tungsten trioxide/alumina supported oxide system from x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy journal, July 1987

Surface and Bulk Aspects of Mixed Oxide Catalytic Nanoparticles: Oxidation and Dehydration of CH 3 OH by Polyoxometallates journal, October 2009

Physical and chemical characterization of surface vanadium oxide supported on titania: influence of the titania phase (anatase, rutile, brookite and B) journal, November 1992

Surface structures of supported tungsten oxide catalysts under dehydrated conditions journal, March 1996

The influence of metal oxide additives on the molecular structures of surface tungsten oxide species on alumina. II. In situ conditions journal, May 1998

In Situ Spectroscopic Investigation of the Molecular and Electronic Structures of SiO 2 Supported Surface Metal Oxides journal, October 2007

Resolving the Atomic Structure of Vanadia Monolayer Catalysts: Monomers, Trimers, and Oligomers on Ceria journal, October 2009

A Vibrational and Spectroscopic Study of WO 3 /TiO 2 −Al 2 O 3 Catalyst Precursors journal, February 1998

Characterization of tungsta-titania catalysts journal, July 1992

Differentiation of mono-oxo and polyoxo and of monomeric and polymeric vanadate, molybdate and tungstate species in metal oxide catalysts by IR and Raman spectroscopy journal, January 2002

The Raman spectrum of brookite, TiO2 (Pbca, Z = 8) journal, January 1995

In Situ Raman Spectroscopy of SiO 2 -Supported Transition Metal Oxide Catalysts: An Isotopic 18 O− 16 O Exchange Study journal, April 2008

Reactivity of V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts in the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia journal, May 1996

An FT-IR study of ammonia adsorption and oxidation over anatase-supported metal oxides journal, September 1997

Dynamics of the SCR-DeNOx reaction by the transient-response method journal, October 1997

Vanadia-Titania Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric-Oxide by Ammonia journal, January 1995

Vanadia/Titania Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of Nitric-Oxide by Ammonia journal, January 1995

Infrared studies of intermediates of the ammonia synthesis on iron journal, February 1968

Effects of CeO2 support facets on VOx/CeO2 catalysts in oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol journal, June 2014

STAFF-INDUSTRY COLLABORATIVE REPORT Vapor-Phase Production of Colloidal Silica journal, March 1959

Reaction-Induced Spreading of Metal Oxides onto Surfaces of Oxide Supports during Alcohol Oxidation: Phenomenon, Nature, and Mechanisms journal, February 1999

Alcohol Dehydration on Monooxo W═O and Dioxo O═W═O Species journal, July 2012

Acidic properties of supported niobium oxide catalysts: An infrared spectroscopy investigation journal, May 1992

Investigations on the Antimony Promotional Effect on CeO 2 -WO 3 /TiO 2 for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO x with NH 3 journal, June 2016

Novel hollow microspheres MnxCo3−xO4 (x = 1, 2) with remarkable performance for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 journal, October 2016

Al-free Fe-beta as a robust catalyst for selective reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia journal, January 2016

Regenerable g-C 3 N 4 –chitosan beads with enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability journal, January 2018

Mechanism by which Tungsten Oxide Promotes the Activity of Supported V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 Catalysts for NO X Abatement: Structural Effects Revealed by 51 V MAS NMR Spectroscopy journal, September 2019

Mechanism by which Tungsten Oxide Promotes the Activity of Supported V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 Catalysts for NO X Abatement: Structural Effects Revealed by 51 V MAS NMR Spectroscopy journal, July 2019

Modification Effects of B2O3 on The Structure and Catalytic Activity of WO3-UiO-66 Catalyst journal, September 2018

Title: Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH₃ with WO₃-TiO₂ Catalysts: Influence of Catalyst Synthesis Method

Surface and catalytic properties of Vanadia-Titania and Tungsta-Titania systems in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of nitrogen oxides
journal, May 1993

WO3–TiO2 monolithic catalysts for high temperature SCR of NO by NH3: Influence of preparation method on structural and physico-chemical properties, activity and durability
journal, March 2007

Chemical and mechanistic aspects of the selective catalytic reduction of NO by ammonia over oxide catalysts: A review
journal, September 1998

IR Spectroscopic Study of the Skeletal Isomerization of Butene by Alumina-Supported Tungsten Oxide Catalysts
journal, September 1995

Functional assessment of the strength of solid acid catalysts
journal, May 2009

Conversion of 1-butene over WO3-TiO2 Catalysts
journal, January 1994

Photocatalytic Behavior of WO3-Loaded TiO2 in an Oxidation Reaction
journal, April 2000

Systematic mechanism study of the high temperature SCR of NO by NH3 over a W/TiO2 catalyst
journal, September 2012

The effect of metal oxide additives on the activity of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia
journal, February 1999

Present status and perspectives in de-NOx SCR catalysis
journal, December 2001

Effect of vanadia and tungsten loadings on the physical and chemical characteristics of V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts
journal, February 2004

Tuning the Electronic and Molecular Structures of Catalytic Active Sites with Titania Nanoligands
journal, January 2009

Influence of calcination treatment on the structure of grafted WOx species on titania
journal, February 1999

Structure of WO _x /TiO ₂ Catalysts Prepared from Hydrous Titanium Oxide Hydroxide: Influence of Preparation Parameters
journal, January 2001

Catalysis science of the solid acidity of model supported tungsten oxide catalysts
journal, August 2006

Structural Determination of Bulk and Surface Tungsten Oxides with UV−vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy
journal, September 2007

Quantitative relationship between the nature of surface species and the catalytic activity of tungsten oxides supported on crystallized titania
journal, March 2010

The interfacial chemistry of the impregnation step involved in the preparation of tungsten(VI) supported titania catalysts
journal, March 2009

Molecular structure and catalytic activity of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts for the SCR of NO by NH3: In situ Raman spectra in the presence of O2, NH3, NO, H2, H2O, and SO2
journal, April 2006

Redox and acid reactivity of wolframyl centers on oxide carriers: Brønsted, Lewis and redox sites
journal, August 2001

WOx/TiO2Catalysts Prepared by Grafting of Tungsten Alkoxides: Morphological Properties and Catalytic Behavior in the Selective Reduction of NO by NH3
journal, April 1996

Molecular/electronic structure–surface acidity relationships of model-supported tungsten oxide catalysts
journal, March 2007

Characterization of tungsten oxide supported on TiO2 and activity for acid catalysis
journal, January 2000

Preparation,Characterization and Photo-catalytic Behavior of WO₃/TiO₂ Nanopowder
journal, January 2000

A study on the monolayer dispersion of tungsten oxide on anatase
journal, November 2001

Relations between Structure, Acidity, and Activity of WO _x /TiO ₂ : Influence of the Initial State of the Support, Titanium Oxyhydroxide, or Titanium Oxide
journal, November 2006

Photocatalytic activity of WOx-TiO2 under visible light irradiation
journal, July 2001

Synthesis of WO3/TiO2 nanocomposites via sol–gel method
journal, August 2005

Preparation of selective catalytic reduction catalysts via milling and thermal spreading
journal, November 1997

Flame-made WO3/TiO2 nanoparticles: Relation between surface acidity, structure and photocatalytic activity
journal, February 2008

Vanadia and tungsta grafted on TiO2: influence of the grafting sequence on structural and chemical properties
journal, May 2000

Acidity of WOx/TiO2 Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
book, January 1993

Oxide phonon spectra
journal, January 1969

Thermal stability of vanadia-tungsta-titania catalysts in the SCR process
journal, November 2002

Structural determination of supported vanadium pentoxide-tungsten trioxide-titania catalysts by in situ Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
journal, November 1991

X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the titania- and alumina-supported tungsten oxide system
journal, September 1991

Structure of surface tungsten oxide species in the tungsten trioxide/alumina supported oxide system from x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy
journal, July 1987

Surface and Bulk Aspects of Mixed Oxide Catalytic Nanoparticles: Oxidation and Dehydration of CH ₃ OH by Polyoxometallates
journal, October 2009

Physical and chemical characterization of surface vanadium oxide supported on titania: influence of the titania phase (anatase, rutile, brookite and B)
journal, November 1992

Surface structures of supported tungsten oxide catalysts under dehydrated conditions
journal, March 1996

The influence of metal oxide additives on the molecular structures of surface tungsten oxide species on alumina. II. In situ conditions
journal, May 1998

In Situ Spectroscopic Investigation of the Molecular and Electronic Structures of SiO ₂ Supported Surface Metal Oxides
journal, October 2007

Resolving the Atomic Structure of Vanadia Monolayer Catalysts: Monomers, Trimers, and Oligomers on Ceria
journal, October 2009

A Vibrational and Spectroscopic Study of WO ₃ /TiO ₂ −Al ₂ O ₃ Catalyst Precursors
journal, February 1998

Characterization of tungsta-titania catalysts
journal, July 1992

Differentiation of mono-oxo and polyoxo and of monomeric and polymeric vanadate, molybdate and tungstate species in metal oxide catalysts by IR and Raman spectroscopy
journal, January 2002

The Raman spectrum of brookite, TiO2 (Pbca, Z = 8)
journal, January 1995

In Situ Raman Spectroscopy of SiO ₂ -Supported Transition Metal Oxide Catalysts: An Isotopic ¹⁸ O− ¹⁶ O Exchange Study
journal, April 2008

Reactivity of V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts in the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia
journal, May 1996

An FT-IR study of ammonia adsorption and oxidation over anatase-supported metal oxides
journal, September 1997

Dynamics of the SCR-DeNOx reaction by the transient-response method
journal, October 1997

Vanadia-Titania Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric-Oxide by Ammonia
journal, January 1995

Vanadia/Titania Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of Nitric-Oxide by Ammonia
journal, January 1995

Infrared studies of intermediates of the ammonia synthesis on iron
journal, February 1968

Effects of CeO2 support facets on VOx/CeO2 catalysts in oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol
journal, June 2014

STAFF-INDUSTRY COLLABORATIVE REPORT Vapor-Phase Production of Colloidal Silica
journal, March 1959

Reaction-Induced Spreading of Metal Oxides onto Surfaces of Oxide Supports during Alcohol Oxidation: Phenomenon, Nature, and Mechanisms
journal, February 1999

Alcohol Dehydration on Monooxo W═O and Dioxo O═W═O Species
journal, July 2012

Acidic properties of supported niobium oxide catalysts: An infrared spectroscopy investigation
journal, May 1992

Investigations on the Antimony Promotional Effect on CeO ₂ -WO ₃ /TiO ₂ for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO _x with NH ₃
journal, June 2016

Novel hollow microspheres MnxCo3−xO4 (x = 1, 2) with remarkable performance for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3
journal, October 2016

Al-free Fe-beta as a robust catalyst for selective reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia
journal, January 2016

Regenerable g-C ₃ N ₄ –chitosan beads with enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability
journal, January 2018

Mechanism by which Tungsten Oxide Promotes the Activity of Supported V ₂ O ₅ /TiO ₂ Catalysts for NO _X Abatement: Structural Effects Revealed by ⁵¹ V MAS NMR Spectroscopy
journal, September 2019

Mechanism by which Tungsten Oxide Promotes the Activity of Supported V ₂ O ₅ /TiO ₂ Catalysts for NO _X Abatement: Structural Effects Revealed by ⁵¹ V MAS NMR Spectroscopy
journal, July 2019

Modification Effects of B2O3 on The Structure and Catalytic Activity of WO3-UiO-66 Catalyst
journal, September 2018