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Title: The impact of immobile zones on the transport and retention of nanoparticles in porous media

Abstract

Nanoparticle transport and retention within porous media is treated by conceptualizing the porous media as a series of independent collectors (e.g., Colloid Filtration Theory). This conceptualization assumes that flow phenomena near grain–grain contacts, such as immobile zones (areas of low flow), exert a negligible influence on nanoparticle transport and assumes that retention and release of particles depends only on surface chemistry. This study investigated the impact of immobile zones on nanoparticle transport and retention by employing synchrotron X–ray computed microtomography (SXCMT) to examine pore–scale silver nanoparticle distributions during transport through three sand columns: uniform iron oxide, uniform quartz, and well–graded quartz. Extended tailing was observed during the elution phase of all experiments suggesting that hydraulic retention in immobile zones, not detachment from grains, was the source of tailing. A numerical simulation of fluid flow through an SXCMT data set predicted the presence of immobile zones near grain–grain contacts. SXCMT–determined silver nanoparticle concentrations observed that significantly lower nanoparticle concentrations existed near grain–grain contacts throughout the duration of all experiments. In addition, the SXCMT–determined pore–scale concentration gradients were found to be independent of surface chemistry and grain size distribution, suggesting that immobile zones limit the diffusive transport of nanoparticles toward the collectors.more » Furthermore, these results suggest that the well–known overprediction of nanoparticle retention by traditional CFT may be due to ignoring the influences of grain–grain contacts and immobile zones. As such, accurate prediction of nanoparticle transport requires consideration of immobile zones and their influence on both hydraulic and surface retention.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3]
  1. Univ. of Western Ontario, London, ON (Canada)
  2. Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA (United States)
  3. Univ. of Western Ontario, London, ON (Canada); Univ. of New South Wales, Manly Vale, NSW (Australia)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division; National Science Foundation ‐ Earth Sciences; Advanced Energy Consortium; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
OSTI Identifier:
1234741
Grant/Contract Number:  
EAR‐1128799; FG02‐94ER14466
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Water Resources Research
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 51; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 0043-1397
Publisher:
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
ENGLISH
Subject:
42 ENGINEERING; immobile zones; nanosilver; transport; retention; porous media

Citation Formats

Molnar, Ian L., Gerhard, Jason I., Willson, Clinton S., and O'Carroll, Denis M. The impact of immobile zones on the transport and retention of nanoparticles in porous media. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1002/2015WR017167.
Molnar, Ian L., Gerhard, Jason I., Willson, Clinton S., & O'Carroll, Denis M. The impact of immobile zones on the transport and retention of nanoparticles in porous media. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017167
Molnar, Ian L., Gerhard, Jason I., Willson, Clinton S., and O'Carroll, Denis M. Thu . "The impact of immobile zones on the transport and retention of nanoparticles in porous media". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017167. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1234741.
@article{osti_1234741,
title = {The impact of immobile zones on the transport and retention of nanoparticles in porous media},
author = {Molnar, Ian L. and Gerhard, Jason I. and Willson, Clinton S. and O'Carroll, Denis M.},
abstractNote = {Nanoparticle transport and retention within porous media is treated by conceptualizing the porous media as a series of independent collectors (e.g., Colloid Filtration Theory). This conceptualization assumes that flow phenomena near grain–grain contacts, such as immobile zones (areas of low flow), exert a negligible influence on nanoparticle transport and assumes that retention and release of particles depends only on surface chemistry. This study investigated the impact of immobile zones on nanoparticle transport and retention by employing synchrotron X–ray computed microtomography (SXCMT) to examine pore–scale silver nanoparticle distributions during transport through three sand columns: uniform iron oxide, uniform quartz, and well–graded quartz. Extended tailing was observed during the elution phase of all experiments suggesting that hydraulic retention in immobile zones, not detachment from grains, was the source of tailing. A numerical simulation of fluid flow through an SXCMT data set predicted the presence of immobile zones near grain–grain contacts. SXCMT–determined silver nanoparticle concentrations observed that significantly lower nanoparticle concentrations existed near grain–grain contacts throughout the duration of all experiments. In addition, the SXCMT–determined pore–scale concentration gradients were found to be independent of surface chemistry and grain size distribution, suggesting that immobile zones limit the diffusive transport of nanoparticles toward the collectors. Furthermore, these results suggest that the well–known overprediction of nanoparticle retention by traditional CFT may be due to ignoring the influences of grain–grain contacts and immobile zones. As such, accurate prediction of nanoparticle transport requires consideration of immobile zones and their influence on both hydraulic and surface retention.},
doi = {10.1002/2015WR017167},
journal = {Water Resources Research},
number = 11,
volume = 51,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Oct 15 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Thu Oct 15 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}

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