Inflow/outflow boundary conditions for particle-based blood flow simulations: Application to arterial bifurcations and trees
Abstract
When blood flows through a bifurcation, red blood cells (RBCs) travel into side branches at different hematocrit levels, and it is even possible that all RBCs enter into one branch only, leading to a complete separation of plasma and R- BCs. To quantify this phenomenon via particle-based mesoscopic simulations, we developed a general framework for open boundary conditions in multiphase flows that is effective even for high hematocrit levels. The inflow at the inlet is duplicated from a fully developed flow generated in a pilot simulation with periodic boundary conditions. The outflow is controlled by adaptive forces to maintain the flow rate and velocity gradient at fixed values, while the particles leaving the arteriole at the outlet are removed from the system. Upon valida- tion of this approach, we performed systematic 3D simulations to study plasma skimming in arterioles of diameters 20 to 32 microns. For a flow rate ratio 6:1 at the branches, we observed the \all-or-nothing" phenomenon with plasma only entering the low flow rate branch. We then simulated blood-plasma separation in arteriolar bifurcations with different bifurcation angles and same diameter of the daughter branches. Our simulations predict a significant increase in RBC flux through the main daughtermore »
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Lugano, Lugano (Switzerland)
- Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States)
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Univ. of Lugano, Lugano (Switzerland); Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (Switzerland)
- Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1229970
- Report Number(s):
- PNNL-SA-109087
Journal ID: ISSN 1553-7358; KJ0401000
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-76RL01830
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- PLoS Computational Biology (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: PLoS Computational Biology (Online); Journal Volume: 11; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 1553-7358
- Publisher:
- Public Library of Science
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; blood flow; flow rate; fluid flow; blood plasma; simulation and modeling; hematocrit; blood; biophysical simulations
Citation Formats
Lykov, Kirill, Li, Xuejin, Lei, Huan, Pivkin, Igor V., Karniadakis, George Em, and Feng, James. Inflow/outflow boundary conditions for particle-based blood flow simulations: Application to arterial bifurcations and trees. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004410.
Lykov, Kirill, Li, Xuejin, Lei, Huan, Pivkin, Igor V., Karniadakis, George Em, & Feng, James. Inflow/outflow boundary conditions for particle-based blood flow simulations: Application to arterial bifurcations and trees. United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004410
Lykov, Kirill, Li, Xuejin, Lei, Huan, Pivkin, Igor V., Karniadakis, George Em, and Feng, James. Fri .
"Inflow/outflow boundary conditions for particle-based blood flow simulations: Application to arterial bifurcations and trees". United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004410. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1229970.
@article{osti_1229970,
title = {Inflow/outflow boundary conditions for particle-based blood flow simulations: Application to arterial bifurcations and trees},
author = {Lykov, Kirill and Li, Xuejin and Lei, Huan and Pivkin, Igor V. and Karniadakis, George Em and Feng, James},
abstractNote = {When blood flows through a bifurcation, red blood cells (RBCs) travel into side branches at different hematocrit levels, and it is even possible that all RBCs enter into one branch only, leading to a complete separation of plasma and R- BCs. To quantify this phenomenon via particle-based mesoscopic simulations, we developed a general framework for open boundary conditions in multiphase flows that is effective even for high hematocrit levels. The inflow at the inlet is duplicated from a fully developed flow generated in a pilot simulation with periodic boundary conditions. The outflow is controlled by adaptive forces to maintain the flow rate and velocity gradient at fixed values, while the particles leaving the arteriole at the outlet are removed from the system. Upon valida- tion of this approach, we performed systematic 3D simulations to study plasma skimming in arterioles of diameters 20 to 32 microns. For a flow rate ratio 6:1 at the branches, we observed the \all-or-nothing" phenomenon with plasma only entering the low flow rate branch. We then simulated blood-plasma separation in arteriolar bifurcations with different bifurcation angles and same diameter of the daughter branches. Our simulations predict a significant increase in RBC flux through the main daughter branch as the bifurcation angle is increased. Lastly, we demonstrated the new methodology for simulating blood flow in ves- sels with multiple inlets and outlets, constructed using an angiogenesis model.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004410},
journal = {PLoS Computational Biology (Online)},
number = 8,
volume = 11,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Aug 28 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Fri Aug 28 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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