Dynamic response of 17-4 stainless steel as a function of manufacturing method and heat treatment

Specht, Paul E.; Elmslie, Timothy A.; Duwal, Sakun; Fuchs, Brian; Heckman, Nathan; Kramer, Sharlotte

doi:10.1063/5.0261516

Title: Dynamic response of 17-4 stainless steel as a function of manufacturing method and heat treatment

Journal Article · Tue Apr 22 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Journal of Applied Physics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0261516 · OSTI ID:2561508

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^[2]; Heckman, Nathan ^[1];

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Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
National Transportation Safety Board, Washington, DC (United States)

We present a series of plate-impact experiments on 17-4 stainless steel to study the effect of manufacturing method and heat treatment on the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL), Hugoniot, phase transformation stress, and spallation strength. Two traditional manufacturing methods were considered, wrought processing and casting, as well as two additive manufacturing methods, laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) and wire-fed electron beam (EBAM). For both LPBF and EBAM 17-4 stainless steel variants, two billets were printed, enabling the application of two unique heat treatments. The HEL stress depended heavily on the thermal history, with the HEL increasing after the formation of Cu-rich precipitates via heat treatment. The Hugoniot response both below and above the phase transition was unaffected by the manufacturing method or heat treatment. The phase transition stress depended heavily on the thermal history, with its variation being attributed to the presence of various microstructural features. This is supported by a marked increase in the phase transition stress after precipitation hardening. These results suggest that the notion of the phase transition stress being dictated by bulk composition is an oversimplification and the stress fields generated by the meso-scale structure are a dominant force. The spallation strength was lower in the cast material compared to all other 17-4 stainless steel variants due to the presence of brittle δ-ferrite inclusions. Additionally, a drop in the tensile strain-rate was observed in the spallation response above the phase transition stress, which was hypothesized to stem from the kinetics of the reversion to the low-pressure phase during spall.

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Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 2561508

Journal Information:: Journal of Applied Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Applied Physics Journal Issue: 16 Vol. 137; ISSN 0021-8979; ISSN 1089-7550

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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