Chemical properties and single-particle mixing state of soot aerosol in Houston during the TRACER campaign
Abstract
A high-resolution soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was used to selectively measure refractory black carbon (rBC) and its associated coating material using both the ensemble size-resolved mass spectral mode and the event trigger single particle (ETSP) mode in Houston, Texas, in summer 2022. This study was conducted as part of the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program's TRacking Aerosol Convection interactions ExpeRiment (TRACER) field campaign. The study revealed an average (±1σ) rBC concentration of 103 ± 176 ng m-3. Additionally, the coatings on the BC particles were primarily composed of organics (59 %; 219 ± 260 ng m-3) and sulfate (26 %; 94 ± 55 ng m-3). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of the ensemble mass spectra of BC-containing particles resolved four distinct types of soot aerosol, including an oxidized organic aerosol (OOABC,PMF) factor associated with processed primary organic aerosol, an inorganic sulfate factor (SO$$\tiny{4,BC,PMF}$$), an oxidized rBC factor (O-BCPMF), and a mixed mineral dust–biomass burning aerosol factor with significant contribution from potassium (K-BBBC,PMF). Additionally, K-means clustering analysis of the single-particle mass spectra identified eight different clusters, including soot particles enriched in hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOABC,ETSP), sulfate (SO$$\tiny{4,BC,ETSP}$$), two types of rBC, OOA (OOABC,ETSP), chloride (ClBC,ETSP), and nitrate (NO$$\tiny{3,BC,ETSP}$$). The single-particle measurements demonstrate substantial variation in BC coating thickness with coating-to-rBC mass ratios ranging from 0.1 to 100. The mixing state index (χ), which denotes the degree of homogeneity of the soot aerosol, varied from 4 % to 94 % with a median of 40 %, indicating that the aerosol population lies in between internal and external mixing but has large temporal and source type variability. In addition, a significant fraction of BC-containing particles, a majority enriched with oxidized organics and sulfate, exhibit sufficiently high κ values and diameters conducive to activation as cloud nuclei under atmospherically relevant supersaturation conditions. This finding bears significance in comprehending the aging processes of rBC-containing particles and their activation into cloud droplets. Our analysis highlights the complex nature of soot aerosol and underscores the need to comprehend its variability across different environments for accurate assessment of climate change.
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Data Center; Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- Contributing Org.:
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 2332911
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 2336698
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0021242; SC0022140; LANL KP1701010; KP1701010
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) Journal Volume: 24 Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 1680-7324
- Publisher:
- Copernicus GmbH
- Country of Publication:
- Germany
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Citation Formats
Farley, Ryan N., Lee, James E., Rivellini, Laura-Hélèna, Lee, Alex K. Y., Dal Porto, Rachael, Cappa, Christopher D., Gorkowski, Kyle, Shawon, Abu Sayeed Md, Benedict, Katherine B., Aiken, Allison C., Dubey, Manvendra K., and Zhang, Qi. Chemical properties and single-particle mixing state of soot aerosol in Houston during the TRACER campaign. Germany: N. p., 2024.
Web. doi:10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024.
Farley, Ryan N., Lee, James E., Rivellini, Laura-Hélèna, Lee, Alex K. Y., Dal Porto, Rachael, Cappa, Christopher D., Gorkowski, Kyle, Shawon, Abu Sayeed Md, Benedict, Katherine B., Aiken, Allison C., Dubey, Manvendra K., & Zhang, Qi. Chemical properties and single-particle mixing state of soot aerosol in Houston during the TRACER campaign. Germany. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024
Farley, Ryan N., Lee, James E., Rivellini, Laura-Hélèna, Lee, Alex K. Y., Dal Porto, Rachael, Cappa, Christopher D., Gorkowski, Kyle, Shawon, Abu Sayeed Md, Benedict, Katherine B., Aiken, Allison C., Dubey, Manvendra K., and Zhang, Qi. Wed .
"Chemical properties and single-particle mixing state of soot aerosol in Houston during the TRACER campaign". Germany. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024.
@article{osti_2332911,
title = {Chemical properties and single-particle mixing state of soot aerosol in Houston during the TRACER campaign},
author = {Farley, Ryan N. and Lee, James E. and Rivellini, Laura-Hélèna and Lee, Alex K. Y. and Dal Porto, Rachael and Cappa, Christopher D. and Gorkowski, Kyle and Shawon, Abu Sayeed Md and Benedict, Katherine B. and Aiken, Allison C. and Dubey, Manvendra K. and Zhang, Qi},
abstractNote = {A high-resolution soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was used to selectively measure refractory black carbon (rBC) and its associated coating material using both the ensemble size-resolved mass spectral mode and the event trigger single particle (ETSP) mode in Houston, Texas, in summer 2022. This study was conducted as part of the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program's TRacking Aerosol Convection interactions ExpeRiment (TRACER) field campaign. The study revealed an average (±1σ) rBC concentration of 103 ± 176 ng m-3. Additionally, the coatings on the BC particles were primarily composed of organics (59 %; 219 ± 260 ng m-3) and sulfate (26 %; 94 ± 55 ng m-3). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of the ensemble mass spectra of BC-containing particles resolved four distinct types of soot aerosol, including an oxidized organic aerosol (OOABC,PMF) factor associated with processed primary organic aerosol, an inorganic sulfate factor (SO$\tiny{4,BC,PMF}$), an oxidized rBC factor (O-BCPMF), and a mixed mineral dust–biomass burning aerosol factor with significant contribution from potassium (K-BBBC,PMF). Additionally, K-means clustering analysis of the single-particle mass spectra identified eight different clusters, including soot particles enriched in hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOABC,ETSP), sulfate (SO$\tiny{4,BC,ETSP}$), two types of rBC, OOA (OOABC,ETSP), chloride (ClBC,ETSP), and nitrate (NO$\tiny{3,BC,ETSP}$). The single-particle measurements demonstrate substantial variation in BC coating thickness with coating-to-rBC mass ratios ranging from 0.1 to 100. The mixing state index (χ), which denotes the degree of homogeneity of the soot aerosol, varied from 4 % to 94 % with a median of 40 %, indicating that the aerosol population lies in between internal and external mixing but has large temporal and source type variability. In addition, a significant fraction of BC-containing particles, a majority enriched with oxidized organics and sulfate, exhibit sufficiently high κ values and diameters conducive to activation as cloud nuclei under atmospherically relevant supersaturation conditions. This finding bears significance in comprehending the aging processes of rBC-containing particles and their activation into cloud droplets. Our analysis highlights the complex nature of soot aerosol and underscores the need to comprehend its variability across different environments for accurate assessment of climate change.},
doi = {10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024},
journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)},
number = 7,
volume = 24,
place = {Germany},
year = {Wed Apr 03 00:00:00 EDT 2024},
month = {Wed Apr 03 00:00:00 EDT 2024}
}
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