BICEP Array: 150 GHz Detector Module Development

Schillaci, Alessandro; Ade, P. R.; Ahmed, Z.; Amiri, M.; Barkats, D.; Basu Thakur, R.; Bischoff, C. A.; Beck, D.; Bock, J. J.; Buza, V.; Cheshire, J.; Connors, J.; Cornelison, J.; Crumrine, M.; Cukierman, A.; Denison, E.; Dierickx, M.; Duband, L.; Eiben, M.; Fatigoni, S.; Filippini, J. P.; Giannakopoulos, C.; Goeckner-Wald, N.; Goldfinger, D.; Grayson, J. A.; Grimes, P.; Hall, G.; Halal, G.; Halpern, M.; Hand, E.; Harrison, S.; Henderson, S.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hilton, G. C.; Hubmayr, J.; Hui, H.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J.; Karkare, K. S.; Kefeli, S.; Kovac, J. M.; Kuo, C. L.; Lau, K.; Leitch, E. M.; Lennox, A.; Megerian, K. G.; Miller, O. Y.; Minutolo, L.; Moncelsi, L.; Nakato, Y.; Namikawa, T.; Nguyen, H. T.; O’Brient, R.; Palladino, S.; Petroff, M.; Precup, N.; Prouve, T.; Pryke, C.; Racine, B.; Reintsema, C. D.; Schmitt, B. L.; Singari, B.; Soliman, A.; Germaine, T. St.; Steinbach, B.; Sudiwala, R. V.; Thompson, K. L.; Tucker, C.; Turner, A. D.; Umiltà, C.; Verges, C.; Vieregg, A. G.; Wandui, A.; Weber, A. C.; Wiebe, D. V.; Willmert, J.; Wu, W. K.; Yang, E.; Yoon, K. W.; Young, E.; Yu, C.; Zeng, L.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, S.

doi:10.1007/s10909-023-03005-w

This content will become publicly available on Sat Oct 12 00:00:00 EDT 2024

Title: BICEP Array: 150 GHz Detector Module Development

Abstract

The Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization (BICEP)/Keck (BK) collaboration is currently leading the quest for the highest-sensitivity measurements of the polarized cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies on a degree scale with a series of cryogenic telescopes, of which BICEP Array (BA) is the latest Stage-3 upgrade with a total of ~ 32,000 detectors. The instrument comprises 4 receivers spanning 30–270 GHz, with the low-frequency 30/40 GHz deployed to the South Pole Station in late 2019. The full complement of receivers is forecast to set the most stringent constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r. Building on these advances, the overarching small-aperture telescope concept is already being used as the reference for further Stage-4 experiment design. This paper describes the development of the BICEP Array 150 GHz detector module and its fabrication requirements, with highlights on the high-density time division multiplexing (TDM) design of the cryogenic circuit boards. The low-impedance wiring required between the detectors and the frst stage of superconducting quantum interference device amplifers is crucial to maintaining a stable bias current on the detectors. Here, a novel multilayer FR4 Printed Circuit Board with superconducting traces, capable of reading out up to 648 detectors, is detailed along with its validationmore »« less

Authors:

Schillaci, Alessandro ^[1]; Ade, P. R.; Ahmed, Z.; Amiri, M.; Barkats, D.; Basu Thakur, R.; Bischoff, C. A.; Beck, D.; Bock, J. J.; Buza, V.; Cheshire, J.; Connors, J.; Cornelison, J.; Crumrine, M.; Cukierman, A.; Denison, E.; Dierickx, M.; Duband, L.; Eiben, M.; Fatigoni, S. more »

California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); BICEP Collaboration. et al.

Publication Date:: Thu Oct 12 00:00:00 EDT 2023

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 2308785

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; 0742818; 0742592; 1044978; 1110087; 1145172; 1145143; 1145248; 1639040; 1638957; 1638978; 1638970; 1726917

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 213; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-2291

Publisher:: Springer Nature

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; cosmology; b-mode polarization; cosmic microwave background; BICEP array; time division multiplexing; transition edge sensor

Citation Formats


                    Schillaci, Alessandro, Ade, P. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Basu Thakur, R., Bischoff, C. A., Beck, D., Bock, J. J., Buza, V., Cheshire, J., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., Denison, E., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Eiben, M., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Giannakopoulos, C., Goeckner-Wald, N., Goldfinger, D., Grayson, J. A., Grimes, P., Hall, G., Halal, G., Halpern, M., Hand, E., Harrison, S., Henderson, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hubmayr, J., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Kefeli, S., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Lennox, A., Megerian, K. G., Miller, O. Y., Minutolo, L., Moncelsi, L., Nakato, Y., Namikawa, T., Nguyen, H. T., O’Brient, R., Palladino, S., Petroff, M., Precup, N., Prouve, T., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reintsema, C. D., Schmitt, B. L., Singari, B., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Thompson, K. L., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umiltà, C., Verges, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wu, W. K., Yang, E., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C., Zeng, L., Zhang, C., and Zhang, S. BICEP Array: 150 GHz Detector Module Development.  United States: N. p., 2023. 
Web.  doi:10.1007/s10909-023-03005-w.

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                    Schillaci, Alessandro, Ade, P. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Basu Thakur, R., Bischoff, C. A., Beck, D., Bock, J. J., Buza, V., Cheshire, J., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., Denison, E., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Eiben, M., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Giannakopoulos, C., Goeckner-Wald, N., Goldfinger, D., Grayson, J. A., Grimes, P., Hall, G., Halal, G., Halpern, M., Hand, E., Harrison, S., Henderson, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hubmayr, J., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Kefeli, S., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Lennox, A., Megerian, K. G., Miller, O. Y., Minutolo, L., Moncelsi, L., Nakato, Y., Namikawa, T., Nguyen, H. T., O’Brient, R., Palladino, S., Petroff, M., Precup, N., Prouve, T., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reintsema, C. D., Schmitt, B. L., Singari, B., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Thompson, K. L., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umiltà, C., Verges, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wu, W. K., Yang, E., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C., Zeng, L., Zhang, C., & Zhang, S. BICEP Array: 150 GHz Detector Module Development.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-023-03005-w

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                    Schillaci, Alessandro, Ade, P. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Basu Thakur, R., Bischoff, C. A., Beck, D., Bock, J. J., Buza, V., Cheshire, J., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., Denison, E., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Eiben, M., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Giannakopoulos, C., Goeckner-Wald, N., Goldfinger, D., Grayson, J. A., Grimes, P., Hall, G., Halal, G., Halpern, M., Hand, E., Harrison, S., Henderson, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hubmayr, J., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Kefeli, S., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Lennox, A., Megerian, K. G., Miller, O. Y., Minutolo, L., Moncelsi, L., Nakato, Y., Namikawa, T., Nguyen, H. T., O’Brient, R., Palladino, S., Petroff, M., Precup, N., Prouve, T., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reintsema, C. D., Schmitt, B. L., Singari, B., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Thompson, K. L., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umiltà, C., Verges, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wu, W. K., Yang, E., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C., Zeng, L., Zhang, C., and Zhang, S. Thu .  
"BICEP Array: 150 GHz Detector Module Development".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-023-03005-w.

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@article{osti_2308785,

  title        = {BICEP Array: 150 GHz Detector Module Development},

  author       = {Schillaci, Alessandro and Ade, P. R. and Ahmed, Z. and Amiri, M. and Barkats, D. and Basu Thakur, R. and Bischoff, C. A. and Beck, D. and Bock, J. J. and Buza, V. and Cheshire, J. and Connors, J. and Cornelison, J. and Crumrine, M. and Cukierman, A. and Denison, E. and Dierickx, M. and Duband, L. and Eiben, M. and Fatigoni, S. and Filippini, J. P. and Giannakopoulos, C. and Goeckner-Wald, N. and Goldfinger, D. and Grayson, J. A. and Grimes, P. and Hall, G. and Halal, G. and Halpern, M. and Hand, E. and Harrison, S. and Henderson, S. and Hildebrandt, S. R. and Hilton, G. C. and Hubmayr, J. and Hui, H. and Irwin, K. D. and Kang, J. and Karkare, K. S. and Kefeli, S. and Kovac, J. M. and Kuo, C. L. and Lau, K. and Leitch, E. M. and Lennox, A. and Megerian, K. G. and Miller, O. Y. and Minutolo, L. and Moncelsi, L. and Nakato, Y. and Namikawa, T. and Nguyen, H. T. and O’Brient, R. and Palladino, S. and Petroff, M. and Precup, N. and Prouve, T. and Pryke, C. and Racine, B. and Reintsema, C. D. and Schmitt, B. L. and Singari, B. and Soliman, A. and Germaine, T. St. and Steinbach, B. and Sudiwala, R. V. and Thompson, K. L. and Tucker, C. and Turner, A. D. and Umiltà, C. and Verges, C. and Vieregg, A. G. and Wandui, A. and Weber, A. C. and Wiebe, D. V. and Willmert, J. and Wu, W. K. and Yang, E. and Yoon, K. W. and Young, E. and Yu, C. and Zeng, L. and Zhang, C. and Zhang, S.},

  abstractNote = {The Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization (BICEP)/Keck (BK) collaboration is currently leading the quest for the highest-sensitivity measurements of the polarized cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies on a degree scale with a series of cryogenic telescopes, of which BICEP Array (BA) is the latest Stage-3 upgrade with a total of ~ 32,000 detectors. The instrument comprises 4 receivers spanning 30–270 GHz, with the low-frequency 30/40 GHz deployed to the South Pole Station in late 2019. The full complement of receivers is forecast to set the most stringent constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r. Building on these advances, the overarching small-aperture telescope concept is already being used as the reference for further Stage-4 experiment design. This paper describes the development of the BICEP Array 150 GHz detector module and its fabrication requirements, with highlights on the high-density time division multiplexing (TDM) design of the cryogenic circuit boards. The low-impedance wiring required between the detectors and the frst stage of superconducting quantum interference device amplifers is crucial to maintaining a stable bias current on the detectors. Here, a novel multilayer FR4 Printed Circuit Board with superconducting traces, capable of reading out up to 648 detectors, is detailed along with its validation tests. An ultra-high-density TDM detector module concept we developed for a CMB-S4-like experiment that allows up to 1920 detectors to be read out is also presented. TDM has been chosen as the detector readout technology for the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage-4 (CMB-S4) experiment based on its proven low-noise performance, predictable costs, and overall maturity of the architecture. The heritage for TDM is rooted in mm- and sub-mm-wave experiments dating back 20 years and has since evolved to support a multiplexing factor of 64x in Stage-3 experiments.},

  doi          = {10.1007/s10909-023-03005-w},

  journal      = {Journal of Low Temperature Physics},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 213,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Oct 12 00:00:00 EDT 2023},

  month        = {Thu Oct 12 00:00:00 EDT 2023}

}

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This content will become publicly available on Sat Oct 12 00:00:00 EDT 2024

Title: BICEP Array: 150 GHz Detector Module Development

Abstract

Citation Formats

Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors Camera: System Level Design, Strategy and Performance Forecast journal, August 2021

Design and performance of wide-band corrugated walls for the BICEP Array detector modules at 30/40 GHz conference, July 2018

Thermal kinetic inductance detectors for millimeter-wave detection journal, July 2020

In-focal-plane SQUID multiplexer journal, March 2004

Antenna-coupled thermal kinetic inductance detectors for ground-based millimeter-wave cosmology conference, December 2020

BICEP array cryostat and mount design conference, July 2018

ANTENNA-COUPLED TES BOLOMETERS USED IN BICEP2, Keck Array , AND SPIDER journal, October 2015

Functional Description of Read-out Electronics for Time-Domain Multiplexed Bolometers for Millimeter and Sub-millimeter Astronomy journal, January 2008

Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves Using P l a n c k , WMAP, and New BICEP2/ K e c k Observations through the 2015 Season journal, November 2018

Improved Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves using Planck , WMAP, and BICEP/ Keck Observations through the 2018 Observing Season journal, October 2021

Receiver development for BICEP Array, a next-generation CMB polarimeter at the South Pole conference, December 2020

Design and Performance of the First BICEP Array Receiver journal, February 2020

Advanced Code-Division Multiplexers for Superconducting Detector Arrays journal, February 2012

Microwave Multiplexing on the Keck Array journal, December 2019

Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors Camera: System Level Design, Strategy and Performance Forecast
journal, August 2021

Design and performance of wide-band corrugated walls for the BICEP Array detector modules at 30/40 GHz
conference, July 2018

Thermal kinetic inductance detectors for millimeter-wave detection
journal, July 2020

In-focal-plane SQUID multiplexer
journal, March 2004

Antenna-coupled thermal kinetic inductance detectors for ground-based millimeter-wave cosmology
conference, December 2020

BICEP array cryostat and mount design
conference, July 2018

ANTENNA-COUPLED TES BOLOMETERS USED IN BICEP2, Keck Array , AND SPIDER
journal, October 2015

Functional Description of Read-out Electronics for Time-Domain Multiplexed Bolometers for Millimeter and Sub-millimeter Astronomy
journal, January 2008

Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves Using $P l a n c k$ , WMAP, and New BICEP2/ $K e c k$ Observations through the 2015 Season
journal, November 2018

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