The Effects of Phosphate Impurity on Recovered LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Cathode Material via a Hydrometallurgy Method
Abstract
From portable electronics to electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries have been deeply integrated into our daily life and industrial fields for a few decades. The booming field of battery manufacturing could lead to shortages in resources and massive accumulation of battery waste, hindering sustainable development. Therefore, hydrometallurgy-based approaches have been widely used in industrial recycling to recover cathode materials due to their high efficiency and throughput. Further, impurities have always been a great challenge for hydrometallurgical recycling, introducing challenges to maintain the consistency of product quality because of potential unintended effects caused by impurities. Herein, after comprehensive investigation, we first report the impacts of phosphate impurity on a recycled LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 ("NCM622") cathode via a hydrometallurgy method. We demonstrate that a passivation layer of Li3PO4 is formed at grain boundaries during sintering, which significantly raises the activation barrier and hinders lithium diffusion. In addition, the distinct degradation of cathode electrochemical properties is observed from poor particle morphology and high cation mixing as a result of phosphate impurity. Cathode powders with 1 at. % phosphate impurity retain a capacity of 146 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.33C, 6% less than that of a virgin cathode. Furthermore, cathodes with higher phosphate concentrations perform evenmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[3];
[1]
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, MA (United States)
- Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States)
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 2217030
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 14; Journal Issue: 43; Journal ID: ISSN 1944-8244
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 25 ENERGY STORAGE; lithium-ion batteries; hydrometallurgy recycling; LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) cathode; phosphate impurity; electrochemistry
Citation Formats
Zheng, Yadong, Azhari, Luqman, Meng, Zifei, Gao, Guanhui, Han, Yimo, Yang, Zhenzhen, and Wang, Yan. The Effects of Phosphate Impurity on Recovered LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Cathode Material via a Hydrometallurgy Method. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.1021/acsami.2c12715.
Zheng, Yadong, Azhari, Luqman, Meng, Zifei, Gao, Guanhui, Han, Yimo, Yang, Zhenzhen, & Wang, Yan. The Effects of Phosphate Impurity on Recovered LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Cathode Material via a Hydrometallurgy Method. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c12715
Zheng, Yadong, Azhari, Luqman, Meng, Zifei, Gao, Guanhui, Han, Yimo, Yang, Zhenzhen, and Wang, Yan. Wed .
"The Effects of Phosphate Impurity on Recovered LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Cathode Material via a Hydrometallurgy Method". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c12715. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2217030.
@article{osti_2217030,
title = {The Effects of Phosphate Impurity on Recovered LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Cathode Material via a Hydrometallurgy Method},
author = {Zheng, Yadong and Azhari, Luqman and Meng, Zifei and Gao, Guanhui and Han, Yimo and Yang, Zhenzhen and Wang, Yan},
abstractNote = {From portable electronics to electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries have been deeply integrated into our daily life and industrial fields for a few decades. The booming field of battery manufacturing could lead to shortages in resources and massive accumulation of battery waste, hindering sustainable development. Therefore, hydrometallurgy-based approaches have been widely used in industrial recycling to recover cathode materials due to their high efficiency and throughput. Further, impurities have always been a great challenge for hydrometallurgical recycling, introducing challenges to maintain the consistency of product quality because of potential unintended effects caused by impurities. Herein, after comprehensive investigation, we first report the impacts of phosphate impurity on a recycled LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 ("NCM622") cathode via a hydrometallurgy method. We demonstrate that a passivation layer of Li3PO4 is formed at grain boundaries during sintering, which significantly raises the activation barrier and hinders lithium diffusion. In addition, the distinct degradation of cathode electrochemical properties is observed from poor particle morphology and high cation mixing as a result of phosphate impurity. Cathode powders with 1 at. % phosphate impurity retain a capacity of 146 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.33C, 6% less than that of a virgin cathode. Furthermore, cathodes with higher phosphate concentrations perform even worse in electrochemical tests. Therefore, phosphate impurities are detrimental to the hydrometallurgical recycling of NCM cathode materials and need to be excluded from the recycling process.},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.2c12715},
journal = {ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces},
number = 43,
volume = 14,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Oct 19 00:00:00 EDT 2022},
month = {Wed Oct 19 00:00:00 EDT 2022}
}
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