Exploring the phase diagram of 3D artificial spin-ice
Abstract
Artificial spin-ices consist of lithographic arrays of single-domain magnetic nanowires organised into frustrated lattices. These geometries are usually two-dimensional, allowing a direct exploration of physics associated with frustration, topology and emergence. Recently, three-dimensional geometries have been realised, in which transport of emergent monopoles can be directly visualised upon the surface. Here we carry out an exploration of the three-dimensional artificial spin-ice phase diagram, whereby dipoles are placed within a diamond-bond lattice geometry. We find a rich phase diagram, consisting of a double-charged monopole crystal, a single-charged monopole crystal and conventional spin-ice with pinch points associated with a Coulomb phase. In experimental demagnetised systems, broken symmetry forces formation of ferromagnetic stripes upon the surface, forbidding the lower energy double-charged monopole crystal. Instead, we observe crystallites of single magnetic charge, superimposed upon an ice background. The crystallites are found to form due to the distribution of magnetic charge around the 3D vertex, which locally favours monopole formation.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[2];
[2];
[2]
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Cardiff Univ. (United Kingdom)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1997179
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-22-32126
Journal ID: ISSN 2399-3650; TRN: US2405202
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 89233218CNA000001; PRD20190195; AC52-06NA25396
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Communications Physics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 6; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2399-3650
- Publisher:
- Springer Nature
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; Ferromagnetism; Magnetic properties and materials
Citation Formats
Saccone, Michael, Van den Berg, Arjen, Harding, Edward, Singh, Shobhna, Giblin, Sean R., Flicker, Felix, and Ladak, Sam. Exploring the phase diagram of 3D artificial spin-ice. United States: N. p., 2023.
Web. doi:10.1038/s42005-023-01338-2.
Saccone, Michael, Van den Berg, Arjen, Harding, Edward, Singh, Shobhna, Giblin, Sean R., Flicker, Felix, & Ladak, Sam. Exploring the phase diagram of 3D artificial spin-ice. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-023-01338-2
Saccone, Michael, Van den Berg, Arjen, Harding, Edward, Singh, Shobhna, Giblin, Sean R., Flicker, Felix, and Ladak, Sam. Thu .
"Exploring the phase diagram of 3D artificial spin-ice". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-023-01338-2. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1997179.
@article{osti_1997179,
title = {Exploring the phase diagram of 3D artificial spin-ice},
author = {Saccone, Michael and Van den Berg, Arjen and Harding, Edward and Singh, Shobhna and Giblin, Sean R. and Flicker, Felix and Ladak, Sam},
abstractNote = {Artificial spin-ices consist of lithographic arrays of single-domain magnetic nanowires organised into frustrated lattices. These geometries are usually two-dimensional, allowing a direct exploration of physics associated with frustration, topology and emergence. Recently, three-dimensional geometries have been realised, in which transport of emergent monopoles can be directly visualised upon the surface. Here we carry out an exploration of the three-dimensional artificial spin-ice phase diagram, whereby dipoles are placed within a diamond-bond lattice geometry. We find a rich phase diagram, consisting of a double-charged monopole crystal, a single-charged monopole crystal and conventional spin-ice with pinch points associated with a Coulomb phase. In experimental demagnetised systems, broken symmetry forces formation of ferromagnetic stripes upon the surface, forbidding the lower energy double-charged monopole crystal. Instead, we observe crystallites of single magnetic charge, superimposed upon an ice background. The crystallites are found to form due to the distribution of magnetic charge around the 3D vertex, which locally favours monopole formation.},
doi = {10.1038/s42005-023-01338-2},
journal = {Communications Physics},
number = 1,
volume = 6,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2023},
month = {Thu Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2023}
}
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