Polyester-based epoxy vitrimer integrating spent coffee ground as a natural filler
Abstract
Coffee is a widely consumed beverage, but approximately 80% mass of coffee cherry is discarded as waste. Here, in this study, spent coffee grounds (SCG) were recycled and used as a natural filler in a polyester-based epoxy matrix made from reactions of diglycidyl ethers of Bisphenol A and polyethylene glycol with methyl nadic anhydride. The properties of SCG/epoxy composites with various SCG contents up to 40% w/w were evaluated using various techniques such as FT-IR spectroscopy, tensile testing, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and rheology. The SCG filled polyester-based epoxy matrix demonstrated excellent dimensional stability and retained a permanently crosslinked network, but re-shaping was possible at ~150 °C through transesterification, which occurred due to a dynamic chain exchange reaction between the ester group of the epoxy matrix and the hydroxyl group of the SCG fillers. The transesterification also improved the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and SCG fillers, resulting in tensile strength of over 20 MPa and a modulus of around 2.5 GPa, even with high SCG contents up to 40% w/w. While neat, cured epoxy shows thermoset behavior, filling the matrix with SCG enables reforming and origami-inspired spontaneous change in shape.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[2];
[1]
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Chemical Sciences Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1995661
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Composites. Part B, Engineering
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 260; Journal ID: ISSN 1359-8368
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 42 ENGINEERING; Spent coffee ground; Composite; Epoxy; Cyclic anhydride; Vitrimer; Transesterification
Citation Formats
Seo, Jiho, Kearney, Logan T., Toomey, Michael D., Keum, Jong K., and Naskar, Amit K. Polyester-based epoxy vitrimer integrating spent coffee ground as a natural filler. United States: N. p., 2023.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.110756.
Seo, Jiho, Kearney, Logan T., Toomey, Michael D., Keum, Jong K., & Naskar, Amit K. Polyester-based epoxy vitrimer integrating spent coffee ground as a natural filler. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.110756
Seo, Jiho, Kearney, Logan T., Toomey, Michael D., Keum, Jong K., and Naskar, Amit K. Mon .
"Polyester-based epoxy vitrimer integrating spent coffee ground as a natural filler". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.110756. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1995661.
@article{osti_1995661,
title = {Polyester-based epoxy vitrimer integrating spent coffee ground as a natural filler},
author = {Seo, Jiho and Kearney, Logan T. and Toomey, Michael D. and Keum, Jong K. and Naskar, Amit K.},
abstractNote = {Coffee is a widely consumed beverage, but approximately 80% mass of coffee cherry is discarded as waste. Here, in this study, spent coffee grounds (SCG) were recycled and used as a natural filler in a polyester-based epoxy matrix made from reactions of diglycidyl ethers of Bisphenol A and polyethylene glycol with methyl nadic anhydride. The properties of SCG/epoxy composites with various SCG contents up to 40% w/w were evaluated using various techniques such as FT-IR spectroscopy, tensile testing, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and rheology. The SCG filled polyester-based epoxy matrix demonstrated excellent dimensional stability and retained a permanently crosslinked network, but re-shaping was possible at ~150 °C through transesterification, which occurred due to a dynamic chain exchange reaction between the ester group of the epoxy matrix and the hydroxyl group of the SCG fillers. The transesterification also improved the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and SCG fillers, resulting in tensile strength of over 20 MPa and a modulus of around 2.5 GPa, even with high SCG contents up to 40% w/w. While neat, cured epoxy shows thermoset behavior, filling the matrix with SCG enables reforming and origami-inspired spontaneous change in shape.},
doi = {10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.110756},
journal = {Composites. Part B, Engineering},
number = ,
volume = 260,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Apr 24 00:00:00 EDT 2023},
month = {Mon Apr 24 00:00:00 EDT 2023}
}
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