Ordering of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions in a polar van der Waals magnet
Abstract
Abstract Control and understanding of ensembles of skyrmions is important for realization of future technologies. In particular, the order-disorder transition associated with the 2D lattice of magnetic skyrmions can have significant implications for transport and other dynamic functionalities. To date, skyrmion ensembles have been primarily studied in bulk crystals, or as isolated skyrmions in thin film devices. Here, we investigate the condensation of the skyrmion phase at room temperature and zero field in a polar, van der Waals magnet. We demonstrate that we can engineer an ordered skyrmion crystal through structural confinement on the μ m scale, showing control over this order-disorder transition on scales relevant for device applications.
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE); USDOD; National Science Foundation (NSF); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1986367
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 2229338
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05-CH11231; AC02-05CH11231; W911NF-21-2-0162; DGE 2146752; SC0018153; FA9550-18-1-0480
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Nature Communications
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Volume: 14 Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Citation Formats
Meisenheimer, Peter, Zhang, Hongrui, Raftrey, David, Chen, Xiang, Shao, Yu-Tsun, Chan, Ying-Ting, Yalisove, Reed, Chen, Rui, Yao, Jie, Scott, Mary C., Wu, Weida, Muller, David A., Fischer, Peter, Birgeneau, Robert J., and Ramesh, Ramamoorthy. Ordering of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions in a polar van der Waals magnet. United Kingdom: N. p., 2023.
Web. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39442-0.
Meisenheimer, Peter, Zhang, Hongrui, Raftrey, David, Chen, Xiang, Shao, Yu-Tsun, Chan, Ying-Ting, Yalisove, Reed, Chen, Rui, Yao, Jie, Scott, Mary C., Wu, Weida, Muller, David A., Fischer, Peter, Birgeneau, Robert J., & Ramesh, Ramamoorthy. Ordering of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions in a polar van der Waals magnet. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39442-0
Meisenheimer, Peter, Zhang, Hongrui, Raftrey, David, Chen, Xiang, Shao, Yu-Tsun, Chan, Ying-Ting, Yalisove, Reed, Chen, Rui, Yao, Jie, Scott, Mary C., Wu, Weida, Muller, David A., Fischer, Peter, Birgeneau, Robert J., and Ramesh, Ramamoorthy. Fri .
"Ordering of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions in a polar van der Waals magnet". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39442-0.
@article{osti_1986367,
title = {Ordering of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions in a polar van der Waals magnet},
author = {Meisenheimer, Peter and Zhang, Hongrui and Raftrey, David and Chen, Xiang and Shao, Yu-Tsun and Chan, Ying-Ting and Yalisove, Reed and Chen, Rui and Yao, Jie and Scott, Mary C. and Wu, Weida and Muller, David A. and Fischer, Peter and Birgeneau, Robert J. and Ramesh, Ramamoorthy},
abstractNote = {Abstract Control and understanding of ensembles of skyrmions is important for realization of future technologies. In particular, the order-disorder transition associated with the 2D lattice of magnetic skyrmions can have significant implications for transport and other dynamic functionalities. To date, skyrmion ensembles have been primarily studied in bulk crystals, or as isolated skyrmions in thin film devices. Here, we investigate the condensation of the skyrmion phase at room temperature and zero field in a polar, van der Waals magnet. We demonstrate that we can engineer an ordered skyrmion crystal through structural confinement on the μ m scale, showing control over this order-disorder transition on scales relevant for device applications.},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-39442-0},
journal = {Nature Communications},
number = 1,
volume = 14,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Fri Jun 23 00:00:00 EDT 2023},
month = {Fri Jun 23 00:00:00 EDT 2023}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39442-0
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39442-0
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Determination of the algebraic exponents near the melting transition of a two-dimensional Lennard-Jones system
journal, January 1987
- Udink, C.; van der Elsken, J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 35, Issue 1
Robust Formation of Ultrasmall Room-Temperature Neél Skyrmions in Amorphous Ferrimagnets from Atomistic Simulations
journal, July 2019
- Ma, Chung Ting; Xie, Yunkun; Sheng, Howard
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Melting of a skyrmion lattice to a skyrmion liquid via a hexatic phase
journal, June 2020
- Huang, Ping; Schönenberger, Thomas; Cantoni, Marco
- Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 15, Issue 9
Absence of Ferromagnetism or Antiferromagnetism in One- or Two-Dimensional Isotropic Heisenberg Models
journal, November 1966
- Mermin, N. D.; Wagner, H.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 22
Confinement of Magnetic Skyrmions to Corrals of Artificial Surface Pits with Complex Geometries
journal, January 2022
- Matsumoto, Takao; Shibata, Naoya
- Frontiers in Physics, Vol. 9
Edge-mediated skyrmion chain and its collective dynamics in a confined geometry
journal, October 2015
- Du, Haifeng; Che, Renchao; Kong, Lingyao
- Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Strain solitons and topological defects in bilayer graphene
journal, June 2013
- Alden, J. S.; Tsen, A. W.; Huang, P. Y.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, Issue 28
Relaxor ferroelectrics and related superglasses
journal, December 2019
- Kleemann, Wolfgang; Dec, Jan
- Ferroelectrics, Vol. 553, Issue 1
Spin glasses and fragile glasses: Statics, dynamics, and complexity
journal, May 2006
- Parisi, G.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 103, Issue 21
Observation of room-temperature polar skyrmions
journal, April 2019
- Das, S.; Tang, Y. L.; Hong, Z.
- Nature, Vol. 568, Issue 7752
Melting of Two-Dimensional Adatom Superlattices Stabilized by Long-Range Electronic Interactions
journal, June 2009
- Negulyaev, N. N.; Stepanyuk, V. S.; Niebergall, L.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 24
Random-field effects in the diluted two-dimensional Ising antiferromagnet
journal, August 1983
- Birgeneau, R. J.; Yoshizawa, H.; Cowley, R. A.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 28, Issue 3
Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets
journal, February 2016
- Woo, Seonghoon; Litzius, Kai; Krüger, Benjamin
- Nature Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 5
A reversible conversion between a skyrmion and a domain-wall pair in a junction geometry
journal, August 2014
- Zhou, Yan; Ezawa, Motohiko
- Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Loss of long range order in the 3D random field Ising model
journal, June 1993
- Hill, J. P.; Feng, Q.; Birgeneau, R. J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 70, Issue 23
Skyrmion Hall effect revealed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy
journal, December 2016
- Litzius, Kai; Lemesh, Ivan; Krüger, Benjamin
- Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 2
Topological Hall Effect and Berry Phase in Magnetic Nanostructures
journal, August 2004
- Bruno, P.; Dugaev, V. K.; Taillefumier, M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 9
Theory of isolated magnetic skyrmions: From fundamentals to room temperature applications
journal, March 2018
- Büttner, Felix; Lemesh, Ivan; Beach, Geoffrey S. D.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Multicriticality in Hexatic Liquid Crystals
journal, August 1986
- Aharony, Ammon; Birgeneau, R. J.; Brock, J. D.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 57, Issue 8
High-resolution x-ray study of nematic–smectic-A A
journal, March 2008
- Ramazanoglu, M.; Larochelle, S.; Garland, C. W.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 77, Issue 3
Random fields and phase transitions in model magnetic systems
journal, January 1998
- Birgeneau, R. J.
- Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 177-181
Colossal topological Hall effect at the transition between isolated and lattice-phase interfacial skyrmions
journal, May 2021
- Raju, M.; Petrović, A. P.; Yagil, A.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1
Theory of Two-Dimensional Melting
journal, July 1978
- Halperin, B. I.; Nelson, David R.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 2
Defects in Layered van der Waals Heterostructures: Implications for Thermoelectrics
journal, July 2021
- Gannon, Renae N.; Hamann, Danielle M.; Ditto, Jeffrey
- ACS Applied Nano Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 8
Nonuniform and coherent motion of superconducting vortices in the picometer-per-second regime
journal, August 2011
- Lee, Jonghee; Wang, Hui; Dreyer, Michael
- Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 6
freud: A software suite for high throughput analysis of particle simulation data
journal, September 2020
- Ramasubramani, Vyas; Dice, Bradley D.; Harper, Eric S.
- Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 254
Direct observation of melting in a two-dimensional superconducting vortex lattice
journal, August 2009
- Guillamón, I.; Suderow, H.; Fernández-Pacheco, A.
- Nature Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 9
Interface‐Driven Partial Dislocation Formation in 2D Heterostructures
journal, February 2019
- Kim, Jung Hwa; Kim, Se‐Yang; Cho, Yeonchoo
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 15
Freezing and melting skyrmions in 2D
journal, June 2020
- Kläui, Mathias
- Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 15, Issue 9
X-Ray and Neutron Scattering, Magnetization, and Heat Capacity Study of the 3D Random Field Ising Model
journal, August 1995
- Birgeneau, R. J.; Feng, Q.; Harris, Q. J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 75, Issue 6
Emergent elastic fields induced by topological phase transitions: Impact of molecular chirality and steric anisotropy
journal, March 2022
- Takae, Kyohei; Kawasaki, Takeshi
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 119, Issue 14
Magnetic Skyrmion as a Nonlinear Resistive Element: A Potential Building Block for Reservoir Computing
journal, January 2018
- Prychynenko, Diana; Sitte, Matthias; Litzius, Kai
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Hexatic Phase in the Two-Dimensional Gaussian-Core Model
journal, June 2011
- Prestipino, Santi; Saija, Franz; Giaquinta, Paolo V.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 23
A room temperature polar magnetic metal
journal, April 2022
- Zhang, Hongrui; Shao, Yu-Tsun; Chen, Rui
- Physical Review Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 4
py4DSTEM: A Software Package for Four-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Data Analysis
journal, May 2021
- Savitzky, Benjamin H.; Zeltmann, Steven E.; Hughes, Lauren A.
- Microscopy and Microanalysis
Noncentrosymmetric Magnets Hosting Magnetic Skyrmions
journal, March 2017
- Kanazawa, Naoya; Seki, Shinichiro; Tokura, Yoshinori
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 25
Melting and the vector Coulomb gas in two dimensions
journal, February 1979
- Young, A. P.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 19, Issue 4
Existence of Long-Range Order in One and Two Dimensions
journal, June 1967
- Hohenberg, P. C.
- Physical Review, Vol. 158, Issue 2
Field-Dependent Size and Shape of Single Magnetic Skyrmions
journal, May 2015
- Romming, Niklas; Kubetzka, André; Hanneken, Christian
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 17
Large Topological Hall Effect in a Short-Period Helimagnet MnGe
journal, April 2011
- Kanazawa, N.; Onose, Y.; Arima, T.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 15
Direct Visualisation of Skyrmion Lattice Defect Alignment at Grain Boundaries
journal, January 2022
- Schönenberger, Thomas; Huang, Ping; Brun, Lawrence D.
- Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 1
Hexatic ordering in liquid crystal films
journal, September 1989
- Brock, Joel D.; Birgeneau, Robert J.; Litster, David
- Contemporary Physics, Vol. 30, Issue 5
Dislocations in bilayer graphene
journal, December 2013
- Butz, Benjamin; Dolle, Christian; Niekiel, Florian
- Nature, Vol. 505, Issue 7484
A strategy for the design of skyrmion racetrack memories
journal, October 2014
- Tomasello, R.; Martinez, E.; Zivieri, R.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Control of morphology and formation of highly geometrically confined magnetic skyrmions
journal, June 2017
- Jin, Chiming; Li, Zi-An; Kovács, András
- Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Skyrmion Lattice Phases in Thin Film Multilayer
journal, September 2020
- Zázvorka, Jakub; Dittrich, Florian; Ge, Yuqing
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 46
Enhancement of long-range correlations in a 2D vortex lattice by an incommensurate 1D disorder potential
journal, October 2014
- Guillamón, I.; Córdoba, R.; Sesé, J.
- Nature Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 11
Deriving the skyrmion Hall angle from skyrmion lattice dynamics
journal, May 2021
- Brearton, R.; Turnbull, L. A.; Verezhak, J. A. T.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1
Smectic ordering in liquid-crystal–aerosil dispersions. II. Scaling analysis
journal, January 2003
- Iannacchione, Germano S.; Park, Sungil; Garland, Carl W.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 67, Issue 1
Skyrmion lattice with a giant topological Hall effect in a frustrated triangular-lattice magnet
journal, August 2019
- Kurumaji, Takashi; Nakajima, Taro; Hirschberger, Max
- Science, Vol. 365, Issue 6456
Topological Nernst effect in a three-dimensional skyrmion-lattice phase
journal, August 2013
- Shiomi, Y.; Kanazawa, N.; Shibata, K.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 88, Issue 6
Magnon transport in noncollinear spin textures: Anisotropies and topological magnon Hall effects
journal, January 2017
- Mook, Alexander; Göbel, Börge; Henk, Jürgen
- Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 2
Itinerant ferromagnetism in van der Waals crystals above room temperature
journal, August 2020
- Zhang, Hongrui; Chen, Rui; Zhai, Kun
- Physical Review B, Vol. 102, Issue 6
Ordering, metastability and phase transitions in two-dimensional systems
journal, April 1973
- Kosterlitz, J M; Thouless, D J
- Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, Vol. 6, Issue 7, p. 1181-1203
Dislocation Energies in Rare-Gas Monolayers on Graphite
journal, November 1985
- Joos, B.; Duesbery, M. S.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 55, Issue 19
The deformation of graphite crystals and the production of the rhombohedral form
journal, September 1963
- Freise, E. J.; Kelly, A.
- Philosophical Magazine, Vol. 8, Issue 93
Ferromagnetism Near Room Temperature in the Cleavable van der Waals Crystal Fe 5 GeTe 2
journal, March 2019
- May, Andrew F.; Ovchinnikov, Dmitry; Zheng, Qiang
- ACS Nano, Vol. 13, Issue 4
Skyrmion pinning energetics in thin film systems
journal, June 2022
- Gruber, Raphael; Zázvorka, Jakub; Brems, Maarten A.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 13, Issue 1
The bicritical phase diagram of two-dimensional antiferromagnets with and without random fields
journal, March 1993
- Cowley, R. A.; Aharony, A.; Birgeneau, R. J.
- Zeitschrift f�r Physik B Condensed Matter, Vol. 93, Issue 1
Emulating spin transport with nonlinear optics, from high-order skyrmions to the topological Hall effect
journal, February 2021
- Karnieli, Aviv; Tsesses, Shai; Bartal, Guy
- Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1
The role of temperature and drive current in skyrmion dynamics
journal, January 2020
- Litzius, Kai; Leliaert, Jonathan; Bassirian, Pedram
- Nature Electronics, Vol. 3, Issue 1
On the Hohenberg–Mermin–Wagner Theorem and Its Limitations
journal, December 2018
- Halperin, Bertrand I.
- Journal of Statistical Physics, Vol. 175, Issue 3-4
Room-temperature skyrmion lattice in a layered magnet (Fe 0.5 Co 0.5 ) 5 GeTe 2
journal, March 2022
- Zhang, Hongrui; Raftrey, David; Chan, Ying-Ting
- Science Advances, Vol. 8, Issue 12
Thermal skyrmion diffusion used in a reshuffler device
journal, April 2019
- Zázvorka, Jakub; Jakobs, Florian; Heinze, Daniel
- Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 14, Issue 7
Magnetic skyrmion-based synaptic devices
journal, January 2017
- Huang, Yangqi; Kang, Wang; Zhang, Xichao
- Nanotechnology, Vol. 28, Issue 8
Local negative permittivity and topological phase transition in polar skyrmions
journal, October 2020
- Das, S.; Hong, Z.; Stoica, V. A.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 2
Progress in the Theory of Mixed Quantum-Classical Dynamics
journal, May 2006
- Kapral, Raymond
- Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 57, Issue 1
Direct observation of the skyrmion Hall effect
journal, September 2016
- Jiang, Wanjun; Zhang, Xichao; Yu, Guoqiang
- Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 2