Microstructural and nanomechanical studies of PVD Cr coatings on SiC for LWR fuel cladding applications

Quillin, Kyle; Yeom, Hwasung; Dabney, Tyler; Willing, Evan; Sridharan, Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128577

Title: Microstructural and nanomechanical studies of PVD Cr coatings on SiC for LWR fuel cladding applications

Abstract

The microstructure and nanomechanical properties of pure Cr coatings deposited on SiC with various physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods have been investigated for the mitigation of hydrothermal corrosion of SiC-SiC_f (SiC fiber-reinforced SiC matrix) composite fuel cladding in light water reactors (LWR). Cr coatings (4–7 μm thick) were deposited on unbiased SiC substrates using six variants of magnetron sputtering processes: (i) standard (S-DCMS), (ii) pulsed (P-DCMS), (iii) ion-assisted (I-DCMS), and (iv) pulsed ion-assisted direct current magnetron sputtering (PI-DCMS), (v) high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), and (vi) bipolar HiPIMS (B-HiPIMS). Microstructural characterization and nanoindentation testing were used to evaluate effects of deposition technique on coating microstructure and nanomechanical properties. The application of positive reverse pulses to the sputter target induced coarsening of the columnar grain structure, while ion bombardment of substrates during deposition promoted densification of the coating microstructure. Both effects are exemplified in B-HiPIMS deposition, resulting in a high-density microstructure with compressive residual stress. Material pile-up around nano-indents and plastic work during nanoindentation were analyzed to understand deformation behavior of the coatings. Finally, the results suggest the B-HiPIMS process to be among the promising methods for the deposition of Cr coatings on SiC-SiC_f for LWR cladding application.

Authors:

Quillin, Kyle ^[1]; Yeom, Hwasung ^[1]; Dabney, Tyler ^[1]; Willing, Evan ^[1]; Sridharan, Kumar ^[1]

Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Publication Date:: Wed Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2022

Research Org.:: Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE); National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1977678

Grant/Contract Number:: NE0008800; DMR-1720415

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Surface and Coatings Technology

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 441; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0257-8972

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Materials science; Physics; SiC fuel cladding; accident tolerant fuel; DCMS; HiPIMS; nanoindentation; pile up

Citation Formats


                    Quillin, Kyle, Yeom, Hwasung, Dabney, Tyler, Willing, Evan, and Sridharan, Kumar. Microstructural and nanomechanical studies of PVD Cr coatings on SiC for LWR fuel cladding applications.  United States: N. p., 2022. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128577.

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                    Quillin, Kyle, Yeom, Hwasung, Dabney, Tyler, Willing, Evan, & Sridharan, Kumar. Microstructural and nanomechanical studies of PVD Cr coatings on SiC for LWR fuel cladding applications.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128577

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                    Quillin, Kyle, Yeom, Hwasung, Dabney, Tyler, Willing, Evan, and Sridharan, Kumar. Wed .  
"Microstructural and nanomechanical studies of PVD Cr coatings on SiC for LWR fuel cladding applications".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128577.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1977678.

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@article{osti_1977678,

  title        = {Microstructural and nanomechanical studies of PVD Cr coatings on SiC for LWR fuel cladding applications},

  author       = {Quillin, Kyle and Yeom, Hwasung and Dabney, Tyler and Willing, Evan and Sridharan, Kumar},

  abstractNote = {The microstructure and nanomechanical properties of pure Cr coatings deposited on SiC with various physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods have been investigated for the mitigation of hydrothermal corrosion of SiC-SiCf (SiC fiber-reinforced SiC matrix) composite fuel cladding in light water reactors (LWR). Cr coatings (4–7 μm thick) were deposited on unbiased SiC substrates using six variants of magnetron sputtering processes: (i) standard (S-DCMS), (ii) pulsed (P-DCMS), (iii) ion-assisted (I-DCMS), and (iv) pulsed ion-assisted direct current magnetron sputtering (PI-DCMS), (v) high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), and (vi) bipolar HiPIMS (B-HiPIMS). Microstructural characterization and nanoindentation testing were used to evaluate effects of deposition technique on coating microstructure and nanomechanical properties. The application of positive reverse pulses to the sputter target induced coarsening of the columnar grain structure, while ion bombardment of substrates during deposition promoted densification of the coating microstructure. Both effects are exemplified in B-HiPIMS deposition, resulting in a high-density microstructure with compressive residual stress. Material pile-up around nano-indents and plastic work during nanoindentation were analyzed to understand deformation behavior of the coatings. Finally, the results suggest the B-HiPIMS process to be among the promising methods for the deposition of Cr coatings on SiC-SiCf for LWR cladding application.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128577},

  journal      = {Surface and Coatings Technology},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 441,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2022},

  month        = {Wed Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2022}

}

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Title: Microstructural and nanomechanical studies of PVD Cr coatings on SiC for LWR fuel cladding applications

Abstract

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An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments
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Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology
journal, January 2004

Hydrothermal corrosion of SiC in LWR coolant environments in the absence of irradiation
journal, October 2015

Bipolar high power impulse magnetron sputtering for energetic ion bombardment during TiN thin film growth without the use of a substrate bias
journal, October 2019

Development of cold spray chromium coatings for improved accident tolerant zirconium-alloy cladding
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Physics and technology of magnetron sputtering discharges
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Experimental investigation on the indentation hardness of precursor derived Si–B–C–N ceramics
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Evaluation of the effects of neutron irradiation on first-generation corrosion mitigation coatings on SiC for accident-tolerant fuel cladding
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Ion–assisted sputter deposition
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Influences of pileup on the measurement of mechanical properties by load and depth sensing indentation techniques
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Stress and adhesion of chromium and boron films deposited under ion bombardment
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Magnetron sputtering: a review of recent developments and applications
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