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Title: Technical descriptions of the experimental dynamical downscaling simulations over North America by the CAM–MPAS variable-resolution model

Abstract

Abstract. Comprehensive assessment of climate datasets is important for communicating model projections and associated uncertainties to stakeholders. Uncertainties can arise not only from assumptions and biases within the model but also from external factors such as computational constraint and data processing. To understand sources of uncertainties in global variable-resolution (VR) dynamical downscaling, we produced a regional climate dataset using the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS; dynamical core version 4.0) coupled to the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM; version 5.4), which we refer to as CAM–MPAS hereafter. This document provides technical details of the model configuration, simulations, computational requirements, post-processing, and data archive of the experimental CAM–MPAS downscaling data. The CAM–MPAS model is configured with VR meshes featuring higher resolutions over North America as well as quasi-uniform-resolution meshes across the globe. The dataset includes multiple uniform- (240 and 120 km) and variable-resolution (50–200, 25–100, and 12–46 km) simulations for both the present-day (1990–2010) and future (2080–2100) periods, closely following the protocol of the North American Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment. A deviation from the protocol is the pseudo-warming experiment for the future period, using the ocean boundary conditions produced by adding the sea surface temperature and sea-ice changes from the low-resolution version ofmore » the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM-LR) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 to the present-day ocean state from a reanalysis product. Some unique aspects of global VR models are evaluated to provide background knowledge to data users and to explore good practices for modelers who use VR models for regional downscaling. In the coarse-resolution domain, strong resolution sensitivity of the hydrological cycles exists over the tropics but does not appear to affect the midlatitude circulations in the Northern Hemisphere, including the downscaling target of North America. The pseudo-warming experiment leads to similar responses of large-scale circulations to the imposed radiative and boundary forcings in the CAM–MPAS and MPI-ESM-LR models, but their climatological states in the historical period differ over various regions, including North America. Such differences are carried to the future period, suggesting the importance of the base state climatology. Within the refined domain, precipitation statistics improve with higher resolutions, and such statistical inference is verified to be negligibly influenced by horizontal remapping during post-processing. Limited (≈50 % slower) throughput of the current code is found on a recent many-core/wide-vector high-performance computing system, which limits the lengths of the 12–46 km simulations and indirectly affects sampling uncertainty. Our experience shows that global and technical aspects of the VR downscaling framework require further investigations to reduce uncertainties for regional climate projection.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo; ORCiD logo; ; ; ; ; ; ORCiD logo; ; ORCiD logo; ORCiD logo;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
OSTI Identifier:
1975984
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1995961
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-179477
Journal ID: ISSN 1991-9603
Grant/Contract Number:  
68949; AC05-76RL01830; AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Geoscientific Model Development (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Geoscientific Model Development (Online) Journal Volume: 16 Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 1991-9603
Publisher:
Copernicus GmbH
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English
Subject:
58 GEOSCIENCES

Citation Formats

Sakaguchi, Koichi, Leung, L. Ruby, Zarzycki, Colin M., Jang, Jihyeon, McGinnis, Seth, Harrop, Bryce E., Skamarock, William C., Gettelman, Andrew, Zhao, Chun, Gutowski, William J., Leak, Stephen, and Mearns, Linda. Technical descriptions of the experimental dynamical downscaling simulations over North America by the CAM–MPAS variable-resolution model. Germany: N. p., 2023. Web. doi:10.5194/gmd-16-3029-2023.
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Sakaguchi, Koichi, Leung, L. Ruby, Zarzycki, Colin M., Jang, Jihyeon, McGinnis, Seth, Harrop, Bryce E., Skamarock, William C., Gettelman, Andrew, Zhao, Chun, Gutowski, William J., Leak, Stephen, & Mearns, Linda. Technical descriptions of the experimental dynamical downscaling simulations over North America by the CAM–MPAS variable-resolution model. Germany. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3029-2023
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Sakaguchi, Koichi, Leung, L. Ruby, Zarzycki, Colin M., Jang, Jihyeon, McGinnis, Seth, Harrop, Bryce E., Skamarock, William C., Gettelman, Andrew, Zhao, Chun, Gutowski, William J., Leak, Stephen, and Mearns, Linda. Thu . "Technical descriptions of the experimental dynamical downscaling simulations over North America by the CAM–MPAS variable-resolution model". Germany. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3029-2023.
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@article{osti_1975984,
title = {Technical descriptions of the experimental dynamical downscaling simulations over North America by the CAM–MPAS variable-resolution model},
author = {Sakaguchi, Koichi and Leung, L. Ruby and Zarzycki, Colin M. and Jang, Jihyeon and McGinnis, Seth and Harrop, Bryce E. and Skamarock, William C. and Gettelman, Andrew and Zhao, Chun and Gutowski, William J. and Leak, Stephen and Mearns, Linda},
abstractNote = {Abstract. Comprehensive assessment of climate datasets is important for communicating model projections and associated uncertainties to stakeholders. Uncertainties can arise not only from assumptions and biases within the model but also from external factors such as computational constraint and data processing. To understand sources of uncertainties in global variable-resolution (VR) dynamical downscaling, we produced a regional climate dataset using the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS; dynamical core version 4.0) coupled to the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM; version 5.4), which we refer to as CAM–MPAS hereafter. This document provides technical details of the model configuration, simulations, computational requirements, post-processing, and data archive of the experimental CAM–MPAS downscaling data. The CAM–MPAS model is configured with VR meshes featuring higher resolutions over North America as well as quasi-uniform-resolution meshes across the globe. The dataset includes multiple uniform- (240 and 120 km) and variable-resolution (50–200, 25–100, and 12–46 km) simulations for both the present-day (1990–2010) and future (2080–2100) periods, closely following the protocol of the North American Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment. A deviation from the protocol is the pseudo-warming experiment for the future period, using the ocean boundary conditions produced by adding the sea surface temperature and sea-ice changes from the low-resolution version of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM-LR) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 to the present-day ocean state from a reanalysis product. Some unique aspects of global VR models are evaluated to provide background knowledge to data users and to explore good practices for modelers who use VR models for regional downscaling. In the coarse-resolution domain, strong resolution sensitivity of the hydrological cycles exists over the tropics but does not appear to affect the midlatitude circulations in the Northern Hemisphere, including the downscaling target of North America. The pseudo-warming experiment leads to similar responses of large-scale circulations to the imposed radiative and boundary forcings in the CAM–MPAS and MPI-ESM-LR models, but their climatological states in the historical period differ over various regions, including North America. Such differences are carried to the future period, suggesting the importance of the base state climatology. Within the refined domain, precipitation statistics improve with higher resolutions, and such statistical inference is verified to be negligibly influenced by horizontal remapping during post-processing. Limited (≈50 % slower) throughput of the current code is found on a recent many-core/wide-vector high-performance computing system, which limits the lengths of the 12–46 km simulations and indirectly affects sampling uncertainty. Our experience shows that global and technical aspects of the VR downscaling framework require further investigations to reduce uncertainties for regional climate projection.},
doi = {10.5194/gmd-16-3029-2023},
journal = {Geoscientific Model Development (Online)},
number = 10,
volume = 16,
place = {Germany},
year = {Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2023},
month = {Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2023}
}
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On resolution sensitivity in the Community Atmosphere Model
journal, July 2020

  • Herrington, Adam R.; Reed, Kevin A.
  • Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
  • DOI: 10.1002/qj.3873

The more extreme nature of U.S. warm season climate in the recent observational record and two “well‐performing” dynamically downscaled CMIP3 models
journal, August 2015

  • Chang, Hsin‐I; Castro, Christopher L.; Carrillo, Carlos M.
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 120, Issue 16
  • DOI: 10.1002/2015JD023333

Observational Evidence Linking Arctic Supercooled Liquid Cloud Biases in CESM to Snowfall Processes
journal, June 2017

  • McIlhattan, Elin A.; L’Ecuyer, Tristan S.; Miller, Nathaniel B.
  • Journal of Climate, Vol. 30, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0666.1

Evaluation of Near-Surface Parameters in the Two Versions of the Atmospheric Model in CESM1 using Flux Station Observations
journal, January 2013

Evaluation of Global Atmospheric Solvers Using Extensions of the Jablonowski and Williamson Baroclinic Wave Test Case
journal, September 2013

  • Park, Sang-Hun; Skamarock, William C.; Klemp, Joseph B.
  • Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 141, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00096.1

The processes governing horizontal resolution sensitivity in a climate model
journal, July 2002

A Multiscale Nonhydrostatic Atmospheric Model Using Centroidal Voronoi Tesselations and C-Grid Staggering
journal, September 2012

  • Skamarock, William C.; Klemp, Joseph B.; Duda, Michael G.
  • Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 140, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00215.1

A Hierarchical Evaluation of Regional Climate Simulations
journal, August 2013

  • Leung, L. Ruby; Ringler, Todd; Collins, William D.
  • Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, Vol. 94, Issue 34
  • DOI: 10.1002/2013EO340001

Recent developments in variable-resolution global climate modelling
journal, August 2013

NCAR_Topo (v1.0): NCAR global model topography generation software for unstructured grids
journal, January 2015

  • Lauritzen, P. H.; Bacmeister, J. T.; Callaghan, P. F.
  • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 8, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-8-3975-2015

Implementation of new diffusion/filtering operators in the CAM-FV dynamical core
journal, June 2011

  • Lauritzen, Peter H.; Mirin, Arthur A.; Truesdale, John
  • The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, Vol. 26, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1177/1094342011410088

Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models
journal, January 2008

  • Iacono, Michael J.; Delamere, Jennifer S.; Mlawer, Eli J.
  • Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, Issue D13
  • DOI: 10.1029/2008JD009944

The ERA-40 re-analysis
journal, October 2005

  • Uppala, S. M.; KÅllberg, P. W.; Simmons, A. J.
  • Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 131, Issue 612
  • DOI: 10.1256/qj.04.176

Regional Climate Modeling: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects
journal, January 2004

  • Wang, Yuqing; Leung, L. Ruby; McGREGOR, John L.
  • Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, Vol. 82, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.2151/jmsj.82.1599

Variable resolution general circulation models: Stretched-grid model intercomparison project (SGMIP)
journal, January 2006

  • Fox-Rabinovitz, Michael; Côté, Jean; Dugas, Bernard
  • Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue D16
  • DOI: 10.1029/2005JD006520

Truncation and use of model-coordinate data
journal, May 1995

An Intercomparison of GCM and RCM Dynamical Downscaling for Characterizing the Hydroclimatology of California and Nevada
journal, September 2018

  • Xu, Zexuan; Rhoades, Alan M.; Johansen, Hans
  • Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 19, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-17-0181.1

A unified approach to energy conservation and potential vorticity dynamics for arbitrarily-structured C-grids
journal, May 2010

  • Ringler, T. D.; Thuburn, J.; Klemp, J. B.
  • Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 229, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2009.12.007

Hydrologic Implications of Dynamical and Statistical Approaches to Downscaling Climate Model Outputs
journal, January 2004

Sensitivity of the simulated precipitation to changes in convective relaxation time scale
journal, January 2010

Differential Credibility Assessment for Statistical Downscaling
journal, August 2020

  • Pryor, S. C.; Schoof, J. T.
  • Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 59, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-19-0296.1

The Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2)
journal, February 2020

  • Danabasoglu, G.; Lamarque, J. ‐F.; Bacmeister, J.
  • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 12, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1029/2019MS001916

A Terrain-Following Coordinate with Smoothed Coordinate Surfaces
journal, July 2011

The effect of time steps and time-scales on parametrization suites
journal, August 2012

  • Williamson, David L.
  • Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 139, Issue 671
  • DOI: 10.1002/qj.1992

Parameterization improvements and functional and structural advances in Version 4 of the Community Land Model
journal, January 2011

  • Lawrence, David M.; Oleson, Keith W.; Flanner, Mark G.
  • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 3, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1029/2011MS000045

Quantitative characterization of spurious numerical oscillations in 48 CMIP5 models: SPURIOUS NUMERICAL OSCILLATIONS IN CMIP5
journal, June 2015

  • Geil, Kerrie L.; Zeng, Xubin
  • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1002/2015GL063931

High-Resolution Regional Climate Models: Meeting Ongoing Community and Scientific Needs
journal, August 2020

  • Gutowski, W. J.; Ullrich, P. A.; Hall, A.
  • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 101, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0113.A

The Art and Science of Climate Model Tuning
journal, March 2017

  • Hourdin, Frédéric; Mauritsen, Thorsten; Gettelman, Andrew
  • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 98, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00135.1

Sources and pathways of the upscale effects on the Southern Hemisphere jet in MPAS-CAM4 variable-resolution simulations: UPSCALE EFFECTS IN MPAS-CAM4
journal, November 2016

  • Sakaguchi, Koichi; Lu, Jian; Leung, L. Ruby
  • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 8, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1002/2016MS000743

Effect of the Grell‐Freitas Deep Convection Scheme in Quasi‐Uniform and Variable‐Resolution Aquaplanet CAM Simulations
journal, June 2022

  • Jang, Jihyeon; Skamarock, William C.; Park, Sang‐Hun
  • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 14, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1029/2020MS002459

The Benefits of Global High Resolution for Climate Simulation: Process Understanding and the Enabling of Stakeholder Decisions at the Regional Scale
journal, November 2018

  • Roberts, M. J.; Vidale, P. L.; Senior, C.
  • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 99, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00320.1

Evaluating and Optimizing the NERSC Workload on Knights Landing
conference, November 2016

  • Barnes, Taylor; Cook, Brandon; Deslippe, Jack
  • 2016 7th International Workshop on Performance Modeling, Benchmarking and Simulation of High Performance Computer Systems (PMBS)
  • DOI: 10.1109/PMBS.2016.010

High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6
journal, January 2016

  • Haarsma, Reindert J.; Roberts, Malcolm J.; Vidale, Pier Luigi
  • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 9, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-9-4185-2016

Exploring a Multiresolution Approach Using AMIP Simulations
journal, July 2015

Asymmetric impacts of El Niño and La Niña on the Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern: the role of subtropical jet stream
journal, November 2021

Characterizing Sierra Nevada Snowpack Using Variable-Resolution CESM
journal, January 2016

  • Rhoades, Alan M.; Huang, Xingying; Ullrich, Paul A.
  • Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 55, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0156.1
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