Large Enhancements in Optical and Piezoelectric Properties in Ferroelectric Zn 1‐ x Mg x O Thin Films through Engineering Electronic and Ionic Anharmonicities

Zu, Rui; Ryu, Gyunghyun; Kelley, Kyle P.; Baksa, Steven M.; Jacques, Leonard C.; Wang, Bo; Ferri, Kevin; He, Jingyang; Chen, Long‐Qing; Dabo, Ismaila; Trolier‐McKinstry, Susan; Maria, Jon‐Paul; Gopalan, Venkatraman

doi:10.1002/apxr.202300003

Title: Large Enhancements in Optical and Piezoelectric Properties in Ferroelectric Zn _1‐ _x Mg _x O Thin Films through Engineering Electronic and Ionic Anharmonicities

Abstract

Multifunctionality as a paradigm requires materials exhibiting multiple superior properties. Integrating second-order optical nonlinearity and large bandgap with piezoelectricity can, for example, enable broadband, strain-tunable photonics. Though very different phenomena at distinct frequencies, both second-order optical nonlinearity and piezoelectricity are third-rank polar tensors present only in acentric crystal structures. However, simultaneously enhancing both phenomena is highly challenging since it involves competing effects with tradeoffs. Recently, a large switchable ferroelectric polarization of ≈80 μC cm^–2 was reported in Zn_1-xMg_xO films. Here, ferroelectric Zn_1-xMg_xO is demonstrated to be a platform that hosts simultaneously a 30% increase in the electronic bandgap, a 50% enhancement in the second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients, and a near 200% improvement in the piezoelectric coefficients over pure ZnO. These enhancements are shown to be due to a 400% increase in the electronic anharmonicity and a ≈200% decrease in the ionic anharmonicity with Mg substitution. Precisely controllable periodic ferroelectric domain gratings are demonstrated down to 800 nm domain width, enabling ultraviolet quasi-phase-matched optical harmonic generation as well as domain-engineered piezoelectric devices.

Authors:

^[1]; Ryu, Gyunghyun ^[1]; Kelley, Kyle P. ^[2]; Baksa, Steven M. ^[1]; Jacques, Leonard C. ^[3]; Wang, Bo ^[1]; Ferri, Kevin ^[1]; He, Jingyang ^[1]; Chen, Long‐Qing ^[4]; Dabo, Ismaila ^[1]; Trolier‐McKinstry, Susan ^[5]; Maria, Jon‐Paul ^[1];

^[6]

Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA, Department of Mathematics The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA, Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA, Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA, Department of Physics Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

Publication Date:: Wed May 24 00:00:00 EDT 2023

Research Org.:: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1975316

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1975491; OSTI ID: 1983517; OSTI ID: 2333853

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0021118; DMR-2133373; DMR-2210933; AC05-00OR22725; DMR-2011839

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Advanced Physics Research

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Advanced Physics Research Journal Volume: 2 Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 2751-1200

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; bandgaps; ferroelectricity; piezoelectricity; second harmonic generation; thin films; ZnO

Citation Formats


                    Zu, Rui, Ryu, Gyunghyun, Kelley, Kyle P., Baksa, Steven M., Jacques, Leonard C., Wang, Bo, Ferri, Kevin, He, Jingyang, Chen, Long‐Qing, Dabo, Ismaila, Trolier‐McKinstry, Susan, Maria, Jon‐Paul, and Gopalan, Venkatraman. Large Enhancements in Optical and Piezoelectric Properties in Ferroelectric Zn 1‐ x Mg x O Thin Films through Engineering Electronic and Ionic Anharmonicities.  Germany: N. p., 2023. 
Web.  doi:10.1002/apxr.202300003.

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                    Zu, Rui, Ryu, Gyunghyun, Kelley, Kyle P., Baksa, Steven M., Jacques, Leonard C., Wang, Bo, Ferri, Kevin, He, Jingyang, Chen, Long‐Qing, Dabo, Ismaila, Trolier‐McKinstry, Susan, Maria, Jon‐Paul, & Gopalan, Venkatraman. Large Enhancements in Optical and Piezoelectric Properties in Ferroelectric Zn 1‐ x Mg x O Thin Films through Engineering Electronic and Ionic Anharmonicities.  Germany.  https://doi.org/10.1002/apxr.202300003

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                    Zu, Rui, Ryu, Gyunghyun, Kelley, Kyle P., Baksa, Steven M., Jacques, Leonard C., Wang, Bo, Ferri, Kevin, He, Jingyang, Chen, Long‐Qing, Dabo, Ismaila, Trolier‐McKinstry, Susan, Maria, Jon‐Paul, and Gopalan, Venkatraman. Wed .  
"Large Enhancements in Optical and Piezoelectric Properties in Ferroelectric Zn 1‐ x Mg x O Thin Films through Engineering Electronic and Ionic Anharmonicities".  Germany.  https://doi.org/10.1002/apxr.202300003.

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@article{osti_1975316,

  title        = {Large Enhancements in Optical and Piezoelectric Properties in Ferroelectric Zn 1‐ x Mg x O Thin Films through Engineering Electronic and Ionic Anharmonicities},

  author       = {Zu, Rui and Ryu, Gyunghyun and Kelley, Kyle P. and Baksa, Steven M. and Jacques, Leonard C. and Wang, Bo and Ferri, Kevin and He, Jingyang and Chen, Long‐Qing and Dabo, Ismaila and Trolier‐McKinstry, Susan and Maria, Jon‐Paul and Gopalan, Venkatraman},

  abstractNote = {Multifunctionality as a paradigm requires materials exhibiting multiple superior properties. Integrating second-order optical nonlinearity and large bandgap with piezoelectricity can, for example, enable broadband, strain-tunable photonics. Though very different phenomena at distinct frequencies, both second-order optical nonlinearity and piezoelectricity are third-rank polar tensors present only in acentric crystal structures. However, simultaneously enhancing both phenomena is highly challenging since it involves competing effects with tradeoffs. Recently, a large switchable ferroelectric polarization of ≈80 μC cm–2 was reported in Zn1-xMgxO films. Here, ferroelectric Zn1-xMgxO is demonstrated to be a platform that hosts simultaneously a 30% increase in the electronic bandgap, a 50% enhancement in the second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients, and a near 200% improvement in the piezoelectric coefficients over pure ZnO. These enhancements are shown to be due to a 400% increase in the electronic anharmonicity and a ≈200% decrease in the ionic anharmonicity with Mg substitution. Precisely controllable periodic ferroelectric domain gratings are demonstrated down to 800 nm domain width, enabling ultraviolet quasi-phase-matched optical harmonic generation as well as domain-engineered piezoelectric devices.},

  doi          = {10.1002/apxr.202300003},

  journal      = {Advanced Physics Research},

  number       = 12,

  volume       = 2,

  place        = {Germany},

  year         = {Wed May 24 00:00:00 EDT 2023},

  month        = {Wed May 24 00:00:00 EDT 2023}

}

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Highlights: ► Ceramics exhibit enhanced ferroelectric properties with the increase of temperature. ► A strong second harmonic generation effect was observed. ► Transmission electron microscopy results confirm the existence of MPB. - Abstract: The piezoelectric ceramics (1 − x − y)PbTiO{sub 3}–xBiScO{sub 3}–yBi(Zn{sub 1/2}Zr{sub 1/2})O{sub 3} exhibit greatly enhanced ferroelectric properties above room temperature, between 100 and 200 °C. A strong second harmonic generation (SHG) effect was observed below 200 °C. The highest remanent polarization (∼40 μC/cm{sup 2}) and lowest coercive field (∼10 kV/cm) were obtained at 200 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to investigate the morphotropic phasemore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATERRESBULL.2013.02.002
Ferroelectrics everywhere: Ferroelectricity in magnesium substituted zinc oxide thin films

Journal Article Ferri, Kevin ; Bachu, Saiphaneendra ; Zhu, Wanlin ; ... - Journal of Applied Physics

We demonstrate ferroelectricity in Mg-substituted ZnO thin films with the wurtzite structure. Zn_1–xMg_xO films are grown by dual-cathode reactive magnetron sputtering on (111)-Pt // (0001)-Al₂O₃ substrates at temperatures ranging from 26 to 200 °C for compositions spanning from x = 0 to x = 0.37. X-ray diffraction indicates a decrease in the c-lattice parameter and an increase in the a-lattice parameter with increasing Mg content, resulting in a nearly constant c/a axial ratio of 1.595 over this composition range. Transmission electron microscopy studies show abrupt interfaces between Zn_1–xMg_xO films and the Pt electrode. When prepared at pO₂ = 0.025, filmmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0053755

Full Text Available
Optical second harmonic generation in anisotropic multilayers with complete multireflection of linear and nonlinear waves using ♯SHAARP.ml package

Journal Article Zu, Rui ; Wang, Bo ; He, Jingyang ; ... - npj Computational Materials

Abstract Optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical effect widely used for nonlinear optical microscopy and laser frequency conversion. Closed-form analytical solution of the nonlinear optical responses is essential for evaluating materials whose optical properties are unknown a priori. A recent open-source code, ♯SHAARP. si , can provide such closed form solutions for crystals with arbitrary symmetries, orientations, and anisotropic properties at a single interface. However, optical components are often in the form of slabs, thin films on substrates, and multilayer heterostructures with multiple reflections of both the fundamental and up to ten different SHG waves at eachmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-024-01229-2

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Title: Large Enhancements in Optical and Piezoelectric Properties in Ferroelectric Zn 1‐ x Mg x O Thin Films through Engineering Electronic and Ionic Anharmonicities

Abstract

Citation Formats

Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple journal, October 1996

Analytical and numerical modeling of optical second harmonic generation in anisotropic crystals using ♯SHAARP package journal, November 2022

On the verification of sol–gel-derived ZnO nanoparticle properties using first-principles calculation journal, May 2016

Piezoelectric effects in the optical properties of strained InGaN quantum wells journal, February 1999

Ferroelectric AgNa(NO2)2 crystals as novel highly efficient nonlinear optical material: Phase matched second harmonic generation driven by a spontaneous and electric field induced polarizations journal, June 2010

Metal-free ferroelectric halide perovskite exhibits visible photoluminescence correlated with local ferroelectricity journal, June 2022

Ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric thin films and ceramics journal, September 1998

A-axis oriented Zn0.72Mg0.28O epitaxial thin films with large second-order nonlinear susceptibility journal, February 2022

Extensive Benchmarking of DFT+U Calculations for Predicting Band Gaps journal, March 2021

Enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric responses in Zn 1 -x Mg x O thin films near the phase separation boundary journal, January 2017

Enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient in hexagonal MgxZn1-xO films at lower Mg compositions journal, December 2017

New Molecular Ferroelectrics Accompanied by Ultrahigh Second-Harmonic Generation journal, April 2016

Strain-tunable optical valves at T-junction waveguides in photonic crystals journal, December 2003

Band gap engineering based on MgxZn1−xO and CdyZn1−yO ternary alloy films journal, February 2001

High-Performance Piezoelectric Crystals, Ceramics, and Films journal, July 2018

QUANTUM ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simulations of materials journal, September 2009

Ultrahigh piezoelectricity in ferroelectric ceramics by design journal, March 2018

Second harmonic generation from ZnO films and nanostructures journal, September 2015

Optical Harmonic Generation in Single Crystal BaTi O 3 journal, June 1964

Structural, electronic and optical properties of pristine and functionalized MgO monolayers: a first principles study journal, January 2020

Optimized norm-conserving Vanderbilt pseudopotentials journal, August 2013

Ferroelectrics everywhere: Ferroelectricity in magnesium substituted zinc oxide thin films journal, July 2021

Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium journal, January 1966

Giant piezoelectricity of Sm-doped Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 single crystals journal, April 2019

Reproducibility in density functional theory calculations of solids journal, March 2016

ENHANCEMENT OF OPTICAL SECOND‐HARMONIC GENERATION (SHG) BY REFLECTION PHASE MATCHING IN ZnS AND GaAs journal, June 1966

Simultaneous measurements of the second harmonic generation and of the birefringence of KH2PO4near its ferroelectric transition point journal, November 1975

Optical Second Harmonic Generation in Piezoelectric Crystals journal, July 1964

Theory of Polarization: A Modern Approach book, January 2007

Metal-free perovskites for non linear optical materials journal, January 2019

Designing a Deep-Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Material with a Large Second Harmonic Generation Response journal, March 2013

Cascaded electro-optic scanning of laser light over large angles using domain microengineered ferroelectrics journal, October 2002

Evaluation of the Tauc method for optical absorption edge determination: ZnO thin films as a model system: Tauc method for optical absorption edge determination journal, March 2015

Beyond the local-density approximation in calculations of ground-state electronic properties journal, August 1983

Strong electro-optic effect in Mg incorporated ZnO thin films journal, October 2022

A review on piezo-/ferro-electric properties of morphologically diverse ZnO nanostructures journal, March 2020

The PseudoDojo: Training and grading a 85 element optimized norm-conserving pseudopotential table journal, May 2018

Probing Ferroelectrics Using Optical Second Harmonic Generation journal, August 2011

Electro-optic control of the superprism effect in photonic crystals journal, May 2003

Hubbard parameters from density-functional perturbation theory journal, August 2018

The band excitation method in scanning probe microscopy for rapid mapping of energy dissipation on the nanoscale journal, September 2007

Thermodynamic theory of the lead zirconate-titanate solid solution system, part V: Theoretical calculations journal, November 1989

Quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation of UV light using AlN waveguides journal, March 2019

Strain tunable light transmission through a 90° bend waveguide in a two-dimensional photonic crystal journal, August 2003

Phonons and related crystal properties from density-functional perturbation theory journal, July 2001

A beginner's guide to the modern theory of polarization journal, November 2012

Fabrication of adjustable cylindrical mirror segments for the SMART-X telescope journal, August 2014

Low-loss c-axis oriented Zn0.72Mg0.28O nonlinear planar optical waveguides on silicon journal, March 2021

Fabrication and structural properties of AlN submicron periodic lateral polar structures and waveguides for UV-C applications journal, June 2016

Light Waves at the Boundary of Nonlinear Media journal, October 1962

AlScN: A III-V semiconductor based ferroelectric journal, March 2019

HP – A code for the calculation of Hubbard parameters using density-functional perturbation theory journal, October 2022

Stress-balancing in piezoelectric adjustable x-ray optics journal, June 2022

Mid-Infrared Nonlinear Optical Materials Based on Metal Chalcogenides: Structure–Property Relationship journal, March 2017

Maker fringes revisited: second-harmonic generation from birefringent or absorbing materials journal, January 1995

Electro‐optic and Piezoelectric Coefficients and Refractive Index of Gallium Phosphide journal, June 1968

Second harmonic generation in periodically polarity-inverted zinc oxide journal, March 2010

Band gap and defect states of MgO thin films investigated using reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy journal, July 2015

Atoms, molecules, solids, and surfaces: Applications of the generalized gradient approximation for exchange and correlation journal, September 1992

Ferroelectric phase transition in KTiOPO4: An optical second‐harmonic generation study journal, October 1992

Contributions to the Piezoelectric Effect in Ferroelectric Single Crystals and Ceramics journal, October 2005

Large second harmonic response in ZnO thin films journal, January 2002

Structural and optical properties of ZnMgO thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition using ZnO-MgO multiple targets journal, April 2007

Recent development in lead-free perovskite piezoelectric bulk materials journal, October 2018

Thermodynamic theory of the lead zirconate-titanate solid solution system, part I: Phenomenology journal, November 1989

Crystal ion slicing of domain microengineered electro-optic devices on lithium niobate journal, January 2001

MgxZn1−xO as a II–VI widegap semiconductor alloy journal, May 1998

Mechanism of polarization switching in wurtzite-structured zinc oxide thin films journal, September 2016

Nonlinear Dielectric Polarization in Optical Media journal, June 1962

Ferroelectric crystals with giant electro-optic property enabling ultracompact Q-switches journal, April 2022

Advanced capabilities for materials modelling with Quantum ESPRESSO journal, October 2017

Strain-tunable photonic band gap crystals journal, May 2001

On the optical band gap of zinc oxide journal, May 1998

Title: Large Enhancements in Optical and Piezoelectric Properties in Ferroelectric Zn _1‐ _x Mg _x O Thin Films through Engineering Electronic and Ionic Anharmonicities

Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple
journal, October 1996

Analytical and numerical modeling of optical second harmonic generation in anisotropic crystals using ♯SHAARP package
journal, November 2022

On the verification of sol–gel-derived ZnO nanoparticle properties using first-principles calculation
journal, May 2016

Piezoelectric effects in the optical properties of strained InGaN quantum wells
journal, February 1999

Ferroelectric AgNa(NO2)2 crystals as novel highly efficient nonlinear optical material: Phase matched second harmonic generation driven by a spontaneous and electric field induced polarizations
journal, June 2010

Metal-free ferroelectric halide perovskite exhibits visible photoluminescence correlated with local ferroelectricity
journal, June 2022

Ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric thin films and ceramics
journal, September 1998

A-axis oriented Zn_0.72Mg_0.28O epitaxial thin films with large second-order nonlinear susceptibility
journal, February 2022

Extensive Benchmarking of DFT+U Calculations for Predicting Band Gaps
journal, March 2021

Enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric responses in Zn ₁ _-x Mg _x O thin films near the phase separation boundary
journal, January 2017

Enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient in hexagonal MgxZn1-xO films at lower Mg compositions
journal, December 2017

New Molecular Ferroelectrics Accompanied by Ultrahigh Second-Harmonic Generation
journal, April 2016

Strain-tunable optical valves at T-junction waveguides in photonic crystals
journal, December 2003

Band gap engineering based on MgxZn1−xO and CdyZn1−yO ternary alloy films
journal, February 2001

High-Performance Piezoelectric Crystals, Ceramics, and Films
journal, July 2018

QUANTUM ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simulations of materials
journal, September 2009

Ultrahigh piezoelectricity in ferroelectric ceramics by design
journal, March 2018

Second harmonic generation from ZnO films and nanostructures
journal, September 2015

Optical Harmonic Generation in Single Crystal BaTi $O_{3}$
journal, June 1964

Structural, electronic and optical properties of pristine and functionalized MgO monolayers: a first principles study
journal, January 2020

Optimized norm-conserving Vanderbilt pseudopotentials
journal, August 2013

Ferroelectrics everywhere: Ferroelectricity in magnesium substituted zinc oxide thin films
journal, July 2021

Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium
journal, January 1966

Giant piezoelectricity of Sm-doped Pb(Mg _1/3 Nb _2/3 )O ₃ -PbTiO ₃ single crystals
journal, April 2019

Reproducibility in density functional theory calculations of solids
journal, March 2016

ENHANCEMENT OF OPTICAL SECOND‐HARMONIC GENERATION (SHG) BY REFLECTION PHASE MATCHING IN ZnS AND GaAs
journal, June 1966

Simultaneous measurements of the second harmonic generation and of the birefringence of KH2PO4near its ferroelectric transition point
journal, November 1975

Optical Second Harmonic Generation in Piezoelectric Crystals
journal, July 1964

Theory of Polarization: A Modern Approach
book, January 2007

Metal-free perovskites for non linear optical materials
journal, January 2019

Designing a Deep-Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Material with a Large Second Harmonic Generation Response
journal, March 2013

Cascaded electro-optic scanning of laser light over large angles using domain microengineered ferroelectrics
journal, October 2002

Evaluation of the Tauc method for optical absorption edge determination: ZnO thin films as a model system: Tauc method for optical absorption edge determination
journal, March 2015

Beyond the local-density approximation in calculations of ground-state electronic properties
journal, August 1983

Strong electro-optic effect in Mg incorporated ZnO thin films
journal, October 2022

A review on piezo-/ferro-electric properties of morphologically diverse ZnO nanostructures
journal, March 2020

The PseudoDojo: Training and grading a 85 element optimized norm-conserving pseudopotential table
journal, May 2018

Probing Ferroelectrics Using Optical Second Harmonic Generation
journal, August 2011

Electro-optic control of the superprism effect in photonic crystals
journal, May 2003

Hubbard parameters from density-functional perturbation theory
journal, August 2018

The band excitation method in scanning probe microscopy for rapid mapping of energy dissipation on the nanoscale
journal, September 2007

Thermodynamic theory of the lead zirconate-titanate solid solution system, part V: Theoretical calculations
journal, November 1989

Quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation of UV light using AlN waveguides
journal, March 2019

Strain tunable light transmission through a 90° bend waveguide in a two-dimensional photonic crystal
journal, August 2003

Phonons and related crystal properties from density-functional perturbation theory
journal, July 2001

A beginner's guide to the modern theory of polarization
journal, November 2012

Fabrication of adjustable cylindrical mirror segments for the SMART-X telescope
journal, August 2014

Low-loss c-axis oriented Zn_0.72Mg_0.28O nonlinear planar optical waveguides on silicon
journal, March 2021

Fabrication and structural properties of AlN submicron periodic lateral polar structures and waveguides for UV-C applications
journal, June 2016

Light Waves at the Boundary of Nonlinear Media
journal, October 1962

AlScN: A III-V semiconductor based ferroelectric
journal, March 2019

HP – A code for the calculation of Hubbard parameters using density-functional perturbation theory
journal, October 2022

Stress-balancing in piezoelectric adjustable x-ray optics
journal, June 2022

Mid-Infrared Nonlinear Optical Materials Based on Metal Chalcogenides: Structure–Property Relationship
journal, March 2017

Maker fringes revisited: second-harmonic generation from birefringent or absorbing materials
journal, January 1995

Electro‐optic and Piezoelectric Coefficients and Refractive Index of Gallium Phosphide
journal, June 1968

Second harmonic generation in periodically polarity-inverted zinc oxide
journal, March 2010

Band gap and defect states of MgO thin films investigated using reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy
journal, July 2015

Atoms, molecules, solids, and surfaces: Applications of the generalized gradient approximation for exchange and correlation
journal, September 1992

Ferroelectric phase transition in KTiOPO₄: An optical second‐harmonic generation study
journal, October 1992

Contributions to the Piezoelectric Effect in Ferroelectric Single Crystals and Ceramics
journal, October 2005

Large second harmonic response in ZnO thin films
journal, January 2002

Structural and optical properties of ZnMgO thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition using ZnO-MgO multiple targets
journal, April 2007

Recent development in lead-free perovskite piezoelectric bulk materials
journal, October 2018

Thermodynamic theory of the lead zirconate-titanate solid solution system, part I: Phenomenology
journal, November 1989

Crystal ion slicing of domain microengineered electro-optic devices on lithium niobate
journal, January 2001

MgxZn1−xO as a II–VI widegap semiconductor alloy
journal, May 1998

Mechanism of polarization switching in wurtzite-structured zinc oxide thin films
journal, September 2016

Nonlinear Dielectric Polarization in Optical Media
journal, June 1962

Ferroelectric crystals with giant electro-optic property enabling ultracompact Q-switches
journal, April 2022

Advanced capabilities for materials modelling with Quantum ESPRESSO
journal, October 2017

Strain-tunable photonic band gap crystals
journal, May 2001

On the optical band gap of zinc oxide
journal, May 1998