Rugged bialkali photocathodes encapsulated with graphene and thin metal film
Abstract
Abstract Protection of free-electron sources has been technically challenging due to lack of materials that transmit electrons while preventing corrosive gas molecules. Two-dimensional materials uniquely possess both of required properties. Here, we report three orders of magnitude increase in active pressure and factor of two enhancement in the lifetime of high quantum efficiency (QE) bialkali photocathodes (cesium potassium antimonide (CsK 2 Sb)) by encapsulating them in graphene and thin nickel (Ni) film. The photoelectrons were extracted through the graphene protection layer in a reflection mode, and we achieved QE of ~ 0.17% at ~ 3.4 eV, 1/e lifetime of 188 h with average current of 8.6 nA under continuous illumination, and no decrease of QE at the pressure of as high as ~ 1 × 10 –3 Pa. In comparison, the QE decreased drastically at 10 –6 Pa for bare, non-protected CsK 2 Sb photocathodes and their 1/e lifetime under continuous illumination was ~ 48 h. We attributed the improvements to the gas impermeability and photoelectron transparency of graphene.
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1924109
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Scientific Reports
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Scientific Reports Journal Volume: 13 Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
Citation Formats
Guo, Lei, Liu, Fangze, Koyama, Kazuki, Regis, Nolan, Alexander, Anna M., Wang, Gaoxue, DeFazio, Jeffrey, Valdez, James A., Poudel, Anju, Yamamoto, Masahiro, Moody, Nathan A., Takashima, Yoshifumi, and Yamaguchi, Hisato. Rugged bialkali photocathodes encapsulated with graphene and thin metal film. United Kingdom: N. p., 2023.
Web. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-29374-6.
Guo, Lei, Liu, Fangze, Koyama, Kazuki, Regis, Nolan, Alexander, Anna M., Wang, Gaoxue, DeFazio, Jeffrey, Valdez, James A., Poudel, Anju, Yamamoto, Masahiro, Moody, Nathan A., Takashima, Yoshifumi, & Yamaguchi, Hisato. Rugged bialkali photocathodes encapsulated with graphene and thin metal film. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29374-6
Guo, Lei, Liu, Fangze, Koyama, Kazuki, Regis, Nolan, Alexander, Anna M., Wang, Gaoxue, DeFazio, Jeffrey, Valdez, James A., Poudel, Anju, Yamamoto, Masahiro, Moody, Nathan A., Takashima, Yoshifumi, and Yamaguchi, Hisato. Fri .
"Rugged bialkali photocathodes encapsulated with graphene and thin metal film". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29374-6.
@article{osti_1924109,
title = {Rugged bialkali photocathodes encapsulated with graphene and thin metal film},
author = {Guo, Lei and Liu, Fangze and Koyama, Kazuki and Regis, Nolan and Alexander, Anna M. and Wang, Gaoxue and DeFazio, Jeffrey and Valdez, James A. and Poudel, Anju and Yamamoto, Masahiro and Moody, Nathan A. and Takashima, Yoshifumi and Yamaguchi, Hisato},
abstractNote = {Abstract Protection of free-electron sources has been technically challenging due to lack of materials that transmit electrons while preventing corrosive gas molecules. Two-dimensional materials uniquely possess both of required properties. Here, we report three orders of magnitude increase in active pressure and factor of two enhancement in the lifetime of high quantum efficiency (QE) bialkali photocathodes (cesium potassium antimonide (CsK 2 Sb)) by encapsulating them in graphene and thin nickel (Ni) film. The photoelectrons were extracted through the graphene protection layer in a reflection mode, and we achieved QE of ~ 0.17% at ~ 3.4 eV, 1/e lifetime of 188 h with average current of 8.6 nA under continuous illumination, and no decrease of QE at the pressure of as high as ~ 1 × 10 –3 Pa. In comparison, the QE decreased drastically at 10 –6 Pa for bare, non-protected CsK 2 Sb photocathodes and their 1/e lifetime under continuous illumination was ~ 48 h. We attributed the improvements to the gas impermeability and photoelectron transparency of graphene.},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-29374-6},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
number = 1,
volume = 13,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Fri Feb 10 00:00:00 EST 2023},
month = {Fri Feb 10 00:00:00 EST 2023}
}
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