Tunable angle-dependent electrochemistry at twisted bilayer graphene with moiré flat bands

Yu, Yun; Zhang, Kaidi; Parks, Holden; Babar, Mohammad; Carr, Stephen; Craig, Isaac M.; Van Winkle, Madeline; Lyssenko, Artur; Taniguchi, Takashi; Watanabe, Kenji; Viswanathan, Venkatasubramanian; Bediako, D. Kwabena

doi:10.1038/s41557-021-00865-1

Title: Tunable angle-dependent electrochemistry at twisted bilayer graphene with moiré flat bands

Abstract

Tailoring electron transfer dynamics across solid–liquid interfaces is fundamental to the interconversion of electrical and chemical energy. Stacking atomically thin layers with a small azimuthal misorientation to produce moiré superlattices enables the controlled engineering of electronic band structures and the formation of extremely flat electronic bands. Here, we report a strong twist-angle dependence of heterogeneous charge transfer kinetics at twisted bilayer graphene electrodes with the greatest enhancement observed near the ‘magic angle’ (~1.1°). Furthermore, this effect is driven by the angle-dependent tuning of moiré-derived flat bands that modulate electron transfer processes with the solution-phase redox couple. Combined experimental and computational analysis reveals that the variation in electrochemical activity with moiré angle is controlled by a structural relaxation of the moiré superlattice at twist angles of <2°, and ‘topological defect’ AA stacking regions, where flat bands are localized, produce a large anomalous local electrochemical enhancement that cannot be accounted for by the elevated local density of states alone.

Authors:

^[1]; Zhang, Kaidi ^[1]; Parks, Holden ^[2]; Babar, Mohammad ^[2];

^[3];

^[1]; Van Winkle, Madeline ^[1]; Lyssenko, Artur ^[1];

^[4];

^[5];

^[2];

^[6]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States)
National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan). International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics
National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan). Research Center for Functional Materials
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Feb 17 00:00:00 EST 2022

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); US Office of Naval Research (ONR); JSPS KAKENHI; National Science Foundation (NSF); US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR)

OSTI Identifier:: 1924027

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1877557

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0021049; N00014-18-S-F009; OIA-1921199; N00014-20-1-2599; 19H05790; 20H00354; 21H05233

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Chemistry

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 14; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 1755-4330

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; computational chemistry; electrochemistry; electron transfer; graphene; two-dimensional materials; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; moiré superlattices

Citation Formats


                    Yu, Yun, Zhang, Kaidi, Parks, Holden, Babar, Mohammad, Carr, Stephen, Craig, Isaac M., Van Winkle, Madeline, Lyssenko, Artur, Taniguchi, Takashi, Watanabe, Kenji, Viswanathan, Venkatasubramanian, and Bediako, D. Kwabena. Tunable angle-dependent electrochemistry at twisted bilayer graphene with moiré flat bands.  United States: N. p., 2022. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/s41557-021-00865-1.

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                    Yu, Yun, Zhang, Kaidi, Parks, Holden, Babar, Mohammad, Carr, Stephen, Craig, Isaac M., Van Winkle, Madeline, Lyssenko, Artur, Taniguchi, Takashi, Watanabe, Kenji, Viswanathan, Venkatasubramanian, & Bediako, D. Kwabena. Tunable angle-dependent electrochemistry at twisted bilayer graphene with moiré flat bands.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-021-00865-1

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                    Yu, Yun, Zhang, Kaidi, Parks, Holden, Babar, Mohammad, Carr, Stephen, Craig, Isaac M., Van Winkle, Madeline, Lyssenko, Artur, Taniguchi, Takashi, Watanabe, Kenji, Viswanathan, Venkatasubramanian, and Bediako, D. Kwabena. Thu .  
"Tunable angle-dependent electrochemistry at twisted bilayer graphene with moiré flat bands".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-021-00865-1.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1924027.

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@article{osti_1924027,

  title        = {Tunable angle-dependent electrochemistry at twisted bilayer graphene with moiré flat bands},

  author       = {Yu, Yun and Zhang, Kaidi and Parks, Holden and Babar, Mohammad and Carr, Stephen and Craig, Isaac M. and Van Winkle, Madeline and Lyssenko, Artur and Taniguchi, Takashi and Watanabe, Kenji and Viswanathan, Venkatasubramanian and Bediako, D. Kwabena},

  abstractNote = {Tailoring electron transfer dynamics across solid–liquid interfaces is fundamental to the interconversion of electrical and chemical energy. Stacking atomically thin layers with a small azimuthal misorientation to produce moiré superlattices enables the controlled engineering of electronic band structures and the formation of extremely flat electronic bands. Here, we report a strong twist-angle dependence of heterogeneous charge transfer kinetics at twisted bilayer graphene electrodes with the greatest enhancement observed near the ‘magic angle’ (~1.1°). Furthermore, this effect is driven by the angle-dependent tuning of moiré-derived flat bands that modulate electron transfer processes with the solution-phase redox couple. Combined experimental and computational analysis reveals that the variation in electrochemical activity with moiré angle is controlled by a structural relaxation of the moiré superlattice at twist angles of <2°, and ‘topological defect’ AA stacking regions, where flat bands are localized, produce a large anomalous local electrochemical enhancement that cannot be accounted for by the elevated local density of states alone.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41557-021-00865-1},

  journal      = {Nature Chemistry},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 14,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Feb 17 00:00:00 EST 2022},

  month        = {Thu Feb 17 00:00:00 EST 2022}

}

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Interfacial electron-transfer (ET) reactions underpin the interconversion of electrical and chemical energy. It is known that the electronic state of electrodes strongly influences ET rates because of differences in the electronic density of states (DOS) across metals, semimetals, and semiconductors. Here, by controlling interlayer twists in well-defined trilayer graphene moirés, we show that ET rates are strikingly dependent on electronic localization in each atomic layer and not the overall DOS. The large degree of tunability inherent to moiré electrodes leads to local ET kinetics that range over 3 orders of magnitude across different constructions of only three atomic layers, evenmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.3c00326
Local atomic stacking and symmetry in twisted graphene trilayers

Journal Article Craig, Isaac M. ; Van Winkle, Madeline ; Groschner, Catherine ; ... - Nature Materials

Moiré superlattices formed from twisting trilayers of graphene are an ideal model for studying electronic correlation, and offer several advantages over bilayer analogues, including more robust and tunable superconductivity and a wide range of twist angles associated with flat band formation. Atomic reconstruction, which strongly impacts the electronic structure of twisted graphene structures, has been suggested to play a major role in the relative versatility of superconductivity in trilayers. Here, we exploit an inteferometric 4D-STEM approach to image a wide range of trilayer graphene structures. Here our results unveil a considerably different model for moiré lattice relaxation in trilayers thanmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-023-01783-y
Observation of Reentrant Correlated Insulators and Interaction-Driven Fermi-Surface Reconstructions at One Magnetic Flux Quantum per Moiré Unit Cell in Magic-Angle Twisted Bilayer Graphene

Journal Article Das, Ipsita ; Shen, Cheng ; Jaoui, Alexandre ; ... - Physical Review Letters

Tmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.128.217701

Full Text Available
Rotational and dilational reconstruction in transition metal dichalcogenide moiré bilayers

Journal Article Van Winkle, Madeline ; Craig, Isaac M. ; Carr, Stephen ; ... - Nature Communications

Abstract Lattice reconstruction and corresponding strain accumulation plays a key role in defining the electronic structure of two-dimensional moiré superlattices, including those of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Imaging of TMD moirés has so far provided a qualitative understanding of this relaxation process in terms of interlayer stacking energy, while models of the underlying deformation mechanisms have relied on simulations. Here, we use interferometric four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy to quantitatively map the mechanical deformations through which reconstruction occurs in small-angle twisted bilayer MoS ₂ and WSe ₂ /MoS ₂ heterobilayers. We provide direct evidence that local rotations govern relaxation formore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38504-7
Strain fields in twisted bilayer graphene

Journal Article Kazmierczak, Nathanael P. ; Van Winkle, Madeline ; Ophus, Colin ; ... - Nature Materials

Van der Waals heteroepitaxy allows deterministic control over lattice mismatch or azimuthal orientation between atomic layers to produce long-wavelength superlattices. The resulting electronic phases depend critically on the superlattice periodicity and localized structural deformations that introduce disorder and strain. In this study we used Bragg interferometry to capture atomic displacement fields in twisted bilayer graphene with twist angles < 2°. Nanoscale spatial fluctuations in twist angle and uniaxial heterostrain were statistically evaluated, revealing the prevalence of short-range disorder in moiré heterostructures. By quantitatively mapping strain tensor fields, we uncovered two regimes of structural relaxation and disentangled the electronic contributions ofmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-00973-w

Full Text Available

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Title: Tunable angle-dependent electrochemistry at twisted bilayer graphene with moiré flat bands

Abstract

Citation Formats

Electron Transfer Reactions in Chemistry: Theory and Experiment (Nobel Lecture) journal, August 1993

Activating and optimizing MoS2 basal planes for hydrogen evolution through the formation of strained sulphur vacancies journal, November 2015

Superconductors, orbital magnets and correlated states in magic-angle bilayer graphene journal, October 2019

Unconventional superconductivity in magic-angle graphene superlattices journal, March 2018

Strain solitons and topological defects in bilayer graphene journal, June 2013

Soldering to a single atomic layer journal, November 2007

Emergent ferromagnetism near three-quarters filling in twisted bilayer graphene journal, July 2019

Catalysis with two-dimensional materials and their heterostructures journal, March 2016

Electron-Transfer Kinetics and Electric Double Layer Effects in Nanometer-Wide Thin-Layer Cells journal, September 2014

Anionic redox processes for electrochemical devices journal, January 2016

Designing flat bands by strain journal, July 2019

Density Functional Theory Calculations for the Quantum Capacitance Performance of Graphene-Based Electrode Material journal, March 2015

Nanoscale Surface Structure–Activity in Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis journal, November 2018

Maximized electron interactions at the magic angle in twisted bilayer graphene journal, July 2019

Nanoscale Electrochemistry of sp 2 Carbon Materials: From Graphite and Graphene to Carbon Nanotubes journal, August 2016

Field Effect Modulation of Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution at Back-Gated Two-Dimensional MoS 2 Electrodes journal, August 2019

Superconductivity and strong correlations in moiré flat bands journal, May 2020

Role of Graphene Edges in the Electron Transfer Kinetics: Insight from Theory and Molecular Modeling journal, February 2019

Rapid and Reliable Thickness Identification of Two-Dimensional Nanosheets Using Optical Microscopy journal, October 2013

Characteristics and performance of two-dimensional materials for electrocatalysis journal, December 2018

Marcus–Hush–Chidsey kinetics at electrode–electrolyte interfaces journal, October 2020

Strain fields in twisted bilayer graphene journal, April 2021

Redox-Dependent Spatially Resolved Electrochemistry at Graphene and Graphite Step Edges journal, February 2015

Crucial role of atomic corrugation on the flat bands and energy gaps of twisted bilayer graphene at the magic angle θ ∼ 1 . 08 ∘ journal, May 2019

Electronic Spectrum of Twisted Graphene Layers under Heterostrain journal, April 2018

Emerging Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Electrocatalysis journal, March 2018

Relaxation and domain formation in incommensurate two-dimensional heterostructures journal, December 2018

Electronic-structure methods for twisted moiré layers journal, July 2020

Correlated electronic phases in twisted bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides journal, June 2020

Stacking-Mode-Induced Reactivity Enhancement for Twisted Bilayer Graphene journal, February 2016

Electronic structure theory of weakly interacting bilayers journal, June 2016

Selective increase in CO 2 electroreduction activity at grain-boundary surface terminations journal, November 2017

Heterogeneous electrocatalysis goes chemical journal, January 2021

Perovskites in catalysis and electrocatalysis journal, November 2017

Hofstadter’s butterfly and the fractal quantum Hall effect in moiré superlattices journal, May 2013

Localization of Dirac Electrons in Rotated Graphene Bilayers journal, March 2010

Van der Waals heterostructures journal, July 2013

Tunable intrinsic strain in two-dimensional transition metal electrocatalysts journal, February 2019

Visualization of the flat electronic band in twisted bilayer graphene near the magic angle twist journal, July 2020

Marcus–Hush–Chidsey theory of electron transfer applied to voltammetry: A review journal, December 2012

Exact continuum model for low-energy electronic states of twisted bilayer graphene journal, August 2019

Moire bands in twisted double-layer graphene journal, July 2011

Stacking Modes-Induced Chemical Reactivity Differences on Chemical Vapor Deposition-Grown Trilayer Graphene journal, June 2018

Structural and electron diffraction scaling of twisted graphene bilayers journal, March 2018

Correlated insulator behaviour at half-filling in magic-angle graphene superlattices journal, March 2018

MoS 2 Moiré Superlattice for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction journal, October 2019

Atomic and electronic reconstruction at the van der Waals interface in twisted bilayer graphene journal, April 2019

Tuning superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene journal, January 2019

Raman Spectrum of Graphene and Graphene Layers journal, October 2006

Carbon-Nanotube–Electrolyte Interface: Quantum and Electric Double Layer Capacitance journal, September 2018

Measurement of the quantum capacitance of graphene journal, July 2009

Identification of Active Edge Sites for Electrochemical H2 Evolution from MoS2 Nanocatalysts journal, July 2007

Diffuse Layer Effect on Electron-Transfer Kinetics Measured by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) journal, March 2017

Combining theory and experiment in electrocatalysis: Insights into materials design journal, January 2017

Spatial and Temporal Control of the Diazonium Modification of sp 2 Carbon Surfaces journal, December 2013

Quantitative Correlation between Defect Density and Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Rate of Single Layer Graphene journal, November 2014

Interfacial Electrochemistry book, January 2010

Electrochemistry at Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: The Role of Band Structure and Quantum Capacitance journal, June 2006

Nanoscale Electrochemical Patterning Reveals the Active Sites for Catechol Oxidation at Graphite Surfaces journal, December 2012

Design of Supercapacitor Electrodes Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations journal, January 2018

Environmentally Benign Metal-Free Reduction of GO Using Molecular Hydrogen: A Mechanistic Insight journal, November 2018

Electrochemical and Electronic Properties of Transparent Coating from Highly Solution Processable Graphene Using Block Copolymer Supramolecular Assembly: Application toward Metal Ion Sensing and Resistive Switching Memory journal, June 2018

Improving the Quantum Capacitance of Graphene-Based Supercapacitors by the Doping and Co-Doping: First-Principles Calculations journal, August 2019

Silicon as a ubiquitous contaminant in graphene derivatives with significant impact on device performance journal, November 2018

Photoresponse of graphene field-effect-transistor with n-type Si depletion layer gate journal, March 2018

The effect of ILs as co-salts in electrolytes for high voltage supercapacitors journal, February 2019

Gold-Plated Electrode with High Scratch Strength for Electrophysiological Recordings journal, February 2019

Investigating the Integrity of Graphene towards the Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) journal, November 2019

Quantum-squeezing effects of strained multilayer graphene NEMS journal, April 2011

Functionalization of Petroleum Coke-Derived Carbon for Synergistically Enhanced Capacitive Performance journal, March 2016

Performance Enhancement of Modified 3D SWCNT/RVC Electrodes Using Microwave-Irradiated Graphene Oxide journal, November 2019

Selective Detection of Lysozyme Biomarker Utilizing Large Area Chemical Vapor Deposition-Grown Graphene-Based Field-Effect Transistor journal, March 2018

A Review of Supercapacitors Based on Graphene and Redox-Active Organic Materials journal, February 2019

Graphene-Based Inks for Printing of Planar Micro-Supercapacitors: A Review journal, March 2019

Research Progress on Applications of Polyaniline (PANI) for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion journal, January 2020

Unique Constant Phase Element Behavior of the Electrolyte–Graphene Interface journal, June 2019

Single-Step Synthesis of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Forest on Aluminium Foils journal, November 2019

Electron Transfer Reactions in Chemistry: Theory and Experiment (Nobel Lecture)
journal, August 1993

Activating and optimizing MoS2 basal planes for hydrogen evolution through the formation of strained sulphur vacancies
journal, November 2015

Superconductors, orbital magnets and correlated states in magic-angle bilayer graphene
journal, October 2019

Unconventional superconductivity in magic-angle graphene superlattices
journal, March 2018

Strain solitons and topological defects in bilayer graphene
journal, June 2013

Soldering to a single atomic layer
journal, November 2007

Emergent ferromagnetism near three-quarters filling in twisted bilayer graphene
journal, July 2019

Catalysis with two-dimensional materials and their heterostructures
journal, March 2016

Electron-Transfer Kinetics and Electric Double Layer Effects in Nanometer-Wide Thin-Layer Cells
journal, September 2014

Anionic redox processes for electrochemical devices
journal, January 2016

Designing flat bands by strain
journal, July 2019

Density Functional Theory Calculations for the Quantum Capacitance Performance of Graphene-Based Electrode Material
journal, March 2015

Nanoscale Surface Structure–Activity in Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis
journal, November 2018

Maximized electron interactions at the magic angle in twisted bilayer graphene
journal, July 2019

Nanoscale Electrochemistry of sp ² Carbon Materials: From Graphite and Graphene to Carbon Nanotubes
journal, August 2016

Field Effect Modulation of Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution at Back-Gated Two-Dimensional MoS ₂ Electrodes
journal, August 2019

Superconductivity and strong correlations in moiré flat bands
journal, May 2020

Role of Graphene Edges in the Electron Transfer Kinetics: Insight from Theory and Molecular Modeling
journal, February 2019

Rapid and Reliable Thickness Identification of Two-Dimensional Nanosheets Using Optical Microscopy
journal, October 2013

Characteristics and performance of two-dimensional materials for electrocatalysis
journal, December 2018

Marcus–Hush–Chidsey kinetics at electrode–electrolyte interfaces
journal, October 2020

Strain fields in twisted bilayer graphene
journal, April 2021

Redox-Dependent Spatially Resolved Electrochemistry at Graphene and Graphite Step Edges
journal, February 2015

Crucial role of atomic corrugation on the flat bands and energy gaps of twisted bilayer graphene at the magic angle $θ \sim 1 . 08^{\circ}$
journal, May 2019

Electronic Spectrum of Twisted Graphene Layers under Heterostrain
journal, April 2018

Emerging Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Electrocatalysis
journal, March 2018

Relaxation and domain formation in incommensurate two-dimensional heterostructures
journal, December 2018

Electronic-structure methods for twisted moiré layers
journal, July 2020

Correlated electronic phases in twisted bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, June 2020

Stacking-Mode-Induced Reactivity Enhancement for Twisted Bilayer Graphene
journal, February 2016

Electronic structure theory of weakly interacting bilayers
journal, June 2016

Selective increase in CO ₂ electroreduction activity at grain-boundary surface terminations
journal, November 2017

Heterogeneous electrocatalysis goes chemical
journal, January 2021

Perovskites in catalysis and electrocatalysis
journal, November 2017

Hofstadter’s butterfly and the fractal quantum Hall effect in moiré superlattices
journal, May 2013

Localization of Dirac Electrons in Rotated Graphene Bilayers
journal, March 2010

Van der Waals heterostructures
journal, July 2013

Tunable intrinsic strain in two-dimensional transition metal electrocatalysts
journal, February 2019

Visualization of the flat electronic band in twisted bilayer graphene near the magic angle twist
journal, July 2020

Marcus–Hush–Chidsey theory of electron transfer applied to voltammetry: A review
journal, December 2012

Exact continuum model for low-energy electronic states of twisted bilayer graphene
journal, August 2019

Moire bands in twisted double-layer graphene
journal, July 2011

Stacking Modes-Induced Chemical Reactivity Differences on Chemical Vapor Deposition-Grown Trilayer Graphene
journal, June 2018

Structural and electron diffraction scaling of twisted graphene bilayers
journal, March 2018

Correlated insulator behaviour at half-filling in magic-angle graphene superlattices
journal, March 2018

MoS ₂ Moiré Superlattice for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
journal, October 2019

Atomic and electronic reconstruction at the van der Waals interface in twisted bilayer graphene
journal, April 2019

Tuning superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene
journal, January 2019

Raman Spectrum of Graphene and Graphene Layers
journal, October 2006

Carbon-Nanotube–Electrolyte Interface: Quantum and Electric Double Layer Capacitance
journal, September 2018

Measurement of the quantum capacitance of graphene
journal, July 2009

Identification of Active Edge Sites for Electrochemical H₂ Evolution from MoS₂ Nanocatalysts
journal, July 2007

Diffuse Layer Effect on Electron-Transfer Kinetics Measured by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)
journal, March 2017

Combining theory and experiment in electrocatalysis: Insights into materials design
journal, January 2017

Spatial and Temporal Control of the Diazonium Modification of sp ² Carbon Surfaces
journal, December 2013

Quantitative Correlation between Defect Density and Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Rate of Single Layer Graphene
journal, November 2014

Interfacial Electrochemistry
book, January 2010

Electrochemistry at Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: The Role of Band Structure and Quantum Capacitance
journal, June 2006

Nanoscale Electrochemical Patterning Reveals the Active Sites for Catechol Oxidation at Graphite Surfaces
journal, December 2012

Design of Supercapacitor Electrodes Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations
journal, January 2018

Environmentally Benign Metal-Free Reduction of GO Using Molecular Hydrogen: A Mechanistic Insight
journal, November 2018

Electrochemical and Electronic Properties of Transparent Coating from Highly Solution Processable Graphene Using Block Copolymer Supramolecular Assembly: Application toward Metal Ion Sensing and Resistive Switching Memory
journal, June 2018

Improving the Quantum Capacitance of Graphene-Based Supercapacitors by the Doping and Co-Doping: First-Principles Calculations
journal, August 2019

Silicon as a ubiquitous contaminant in graphene derivatives with significant impact on device performance
journal, November 2018

Photoresponse of graphene field-effect-transistor with n-type Si depletion layer gate
journal, March 2018

The effect of ILs as co-salts in electrolytes for high voltage supercapacitors
journal, February 2019

Gold-Plated Electrode with High Scratch Strength for Electrophysiological Recordings
journal, February 2019

Investigating the Integrity of Graphene towards the Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER)
journal, November 2019

Quantum-squeezing effects of strained multilayer graphene NEMS
journal, April 2011

Functionalization of Petroleum Coke-Derived Carbon for Synergistically Enhanced Capacitive Performance
journal, March 2016

Performance Enhancement of Modified 3D SWCNT/RVC Electrodes Using Microwave-Irradiated Graphene Oxide
journal, November 2019

Selective Detection of Lysozyme Biomarker Utilizing Large Area Chemical Vapor Deposition-Grown Graphene-Based Field-Effect Transistor
journal, March 2018

A Review of Supercapacitors Based on Graphene and Redox-Active Organic Materials
journal, February 2019

Graphene-Based Inks for Printing of Planar Micro-Supercapacitors: A Review
journal, March 2019

Research Progress on Applications of Polyaniline (PANI) for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion
journal, January 2020

Unique Constant Phase Element Behavior of the Electrolyte–Graphene Interface
journal, June 2019

Single-Step Synthesis of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Forest on Aluminium Foils
journal, November 2019

High-Efficiency Production of Large-Size Few-Layer Graphene Platelets via Pulsed Discharge of Graphite Strips
journal, December 2019

Frequency Response of Graphene Electrolyte-Gated Field-Effect Transistors
journal, February 2018

Modeling electrolytically top gated graphene
text, January 2009