Triplet Fusion Upconversion for Photocuring 3D‐Printed Particle‐Reinforced Composite Networks
Abstract
Abstract High energy photons (λ < 400 nm) are frequently used to initiate free radical polymerizations to form polymer networks, but are only effective for transparent objects. This phenomenon poses a major challenge to additive manufacturing of particle‐reinforced composite networks since deep light penetration of short‐wavelength photons limits the homogeneous modification of physicochemical and mechanical properties. Herein, the unconventional, yet versatile, multiexciton process of triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) is employed for curing opaque hydrogel composites created by direct‐ink‐write (DIW) 3D printing. TTA‐UC converts low energy red light (λ max = 660 nm) for deep penetration into higher‐energy blue light to initiate free radical polymerizations within opaque objects. As proof‐of‐principle, hydrogels containing up to 15 wt.% TiO 2 filler particles and doped with TTA‐UC chromophores are readily cured with red light, while composites without the chromophores and TiO 2 loadings as little as 1–2 wt.% remain uncured. Importantly, this method has wide potential to modify the chemical and mechanical properties of complex DIW 3D‐printed composite polymer networks.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[2];
[1];
[4];
[2];
[1];
[4];
[2];
[1]
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA, POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Chemistry University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Donostia‐San Sebastián 20018 Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
- Publication Date:
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1923816
- Resource Type:
- Publisher's Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Advanced Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Advanced Materials Journal Volume: 35 Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 0935-9648
- Publisher:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Country of Publication:
- Germany
- Language:
- English
Citation Formats
Wong, Jitkanya, Wei, Shixuan, Meir, Rinat, Sadaba, Naroa, Ballinger, Nathan A., Harmon, Elizabeth K., Gao, Xin, Altin‐Yavuzarslan, Gokce, Pozzo, Lilo D., Campos, Luis M., and Nelson, Alshakim. Triplet Fusion Upconversion for Photocuring 3D‐Printed Particle‐Reinforced Composite Networks. Germany: N. p., 2023.
Web. doi:10.1002/adma.202207673.
Wong, Jitkanya, Wei, Shixuan, Meir, Rinat, Sadaba, Naroa, Ballinger, Nathan A., Harmon, Elizabeth K., Gao, Xin, Altin‐Yavuzarslan, Gokce, Pozzo, Lilo D., Campos, Luis M., & Nelson, Alshakim. Triplet Fusion Upconversion for Photocuring 3D‐Printed Particle‐Reinforced Composite Networks. Germany. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202207673
Wong, Jitkanya, Wei, Shixuan, Meir, Rinat, Sadaba, Naroa, Ballinger, Nathan A., Harmon, Elizabeth K., Gao, Xin, Altin‐Yavuzarslan, Gokce, Pozzo, Lilo D., Campos, Luis M., and Nelson, Alshakim. Tue .
"Triplet Fusion Upconversion for Photocuring 3D‐Printed Particle‐Reinforced Composite Networks". Germany. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202207673.
@article{osti_1923816,
title = {Triplet Fusion Upconversion for Photocuring 3D‐Printed Particle‐Reinforced Composite Networks},
author = {Wong, Jitkanya and Wei, Shixuan and Meir, Rinat and Sadaba, Naroa and Ballinger, Nathan A. and Harmon, Elizabeth K. and Gao, Xin and Altin‐Yavuzarslan, Gokce and Pozzo, Lilo D. and Campos, Luis M. and Nelson, Alshakim},
abstractNote = {Abstract High energy photons (λ < 400 nm) are frequently used to initiate free radical polymerizations to form polymer networks, but are only effective for transparent objects. This phenomenon poses a major challenge to additive manufacturing of particle‐reinforced composite networks since deep light penetration of short‐wavelength photons limits the homogeneous modification of physicochemical and mechanical properties. Herein, the unconventional, yet versatile, multiexciton process of triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) is employed for curing opaque hydrogel composites created by direct‐ink‐write (DIW) 3D printing. TTA‐UC converts low energy red light (λ max = 660 nm) for deep penetration into higher‐energy blue light to initiate free radical polymerizations within opaque objects. As proof‐of‐principle, hydrogels containing up to 15 wt.% TiO 2 filler particles and doped with TTA‐UC chromophores are readily cured with red light, while composites without the chromophores and TiO 2 loadings as little as 1–2 wt.% remain uncured. Importantly, this method has wide potential to modify the chemical and mechanical properties of complex DIW 3D‐printed composite polymer networks.},
doi = {10.1002/adma.202207673},
journal = {Advanced Materials},
number = 11,
volume = 35,
place = {Germany},
year = {Tue Feb 07 00:00:00 EST 2023},
month = {Tue Feb 07 00:00:00 EST 2023}
}
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