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Title: Constraining the sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays across and above the ankle with the spectrum and composition data measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Abstract

In this work we present the interpretation of the energy spectrum and mass composition data as measured by the Pierre Auger Collaboration above 6 × 1017 eV. We use an astrophysical model with two extragalactic source populations to model the hardening of the cosmic-ray flux at around 5 × 1018 eV (the so-called "ankle" feature) as a transition between these two components. We find our data to be well reproduced if sources above the ankle emit a mixed composition with a hard spectrum and a low rigidity cutoff. The component below the ankle is required to have a very soft spectrum and a mix of protons and intermediate-mass nuclei. The origin of this intermediate-mass component is not well constrained and it could originate from either Galactic or extragalactic sources. To the aim of evaluating our capability to constrain astrophysical models, we discuss the impact on the fit results of the main experimental systematic uncertainties and of the assumptions about quantities affecting the air shower development as well as the propagation and redshift distribution of injected ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs).

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Org.:
Pierre Auger Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1915441
Report Number(s):
FERMILAB-PUB-22-876-AD-PPD-SCD-TD; arXiv:2211.02857
Journal ID: ISSN 1475-7516; oai:inspirehep.net:2177649; TRN: US2312237
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-07CH11359; FR02-04ER41300; FG02-99ER41107; SC0011689
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 2023; Journal Issue: 05; Journal ID: ISSN 1475-7516
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; cosmic ray experiments; cosmic ray theory; particle acceleration; ultra high energy cosmic rays

Citation Formats

Abdul Halim, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Almeida Cheminant, K., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ammerman Yebra, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araújo Ferreira, P. R., Arnone, E., Arteaga Velázquez, J. C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bhatta, G., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Brichetto Orchera, P. G., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Bwembya, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Caracas, I., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Conte, M., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Correia dos Santos, D., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Cruz Sanchez, C. S., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., de Mello Neto, J. R.T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Franco, D., de Palma, F., de Souza, V., De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Deval, L., di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Domingues Mendes, L. M., dos Anjos, R. C., Ebr, J., Eman, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Flaggs, B., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Kizakke Covilakam, V. V., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, F., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., López, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Majercakova, M., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Martínez Bravo, O., Martins, M. A., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Meinert, J., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Müller, A. L., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Nicora, G., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Norwood, I., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., Pérez Bertolli, C., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Pourmohammad Shavar, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Straub, M., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Szadkowski, Z., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., and Zavrtanik, M. Constraining the sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays across and above the ankle with the spectrum and composition data measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory. United States: N. p., 2023. Web. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2023/05/024.
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Abdul Halim, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Almeida Cheminant, K., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ammerman Yebra, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araújo Ferreira, P. R., Arnone, E., Arteaga Velázquez, J. C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bhatta, G., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Brichetto Orchera, P. G., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Bwembya, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Caracas, I., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Conte, M., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Correia dos Santos, D., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Cruz Sanchez, C. S., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., de Mello Neto, J. R.T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Franco, D., de Palma, F., de Souza, V., De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Deval, L., di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Domingues Mendes, L. M., dos Anjos, R. C., Ebr, J., Eman, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Flaggs, B., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Kizakke Covilakam, V. V., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, F., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., López, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Majercakova, M., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Martínez Bravo, O., Martins, M. A., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Meinert, J., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Müller, A. L., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Nicora, G., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Norwood, I., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., Pérez Bertolli, C., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Pourmohammad Shavar, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Straub, M., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Szadkowski, Z., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., & Zavrtanik, M. Constraining the sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays across and above the ankle with the spectrum and composition data measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/05/024
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Abdul Halim, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Almeida Cheminant, K., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ammerman Yebra, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araújo Ferreira, P. R., Arnone, E., Arteaga Velázquez, J. C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bhatta, G., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Brichetto Orchera, P. G., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Bwembya, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Caracas, I., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Conte, M., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Correia dos Santos, D., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Cruz Sanchez, C. S., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., de Mello Neto, J. R.T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Franco, D., de Palma, F., de Souza, V., De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Deval, L., di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Domingues Mendes, L. M., dos Anjos, R. C., Ebr, J., Eman, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Flaggs, B., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Kizakke Covilakam, V. V., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, F., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., López, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Majercakova, M., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Martínez Bravo, O., Martins, M. A., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Meinert, J., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Müller, A. L., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Nicora, G., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Norwood, I., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., Pérez Bertolli, C., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Pourmohammad Shavar, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Straub, M., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Szadkowski, Z., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., and Zavrtanik, M. Wed . "Constraining the sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays across and above the ankle with the spectrum and composition data measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/05/024. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1915441.
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@article{osti_1915441,
title = {Constraining the sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays across and above the ankle with the spectrum and composition data measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory},
author = {Abdul Halim, A. and Abreu, P. and Aglietta, M. and Allekotte, I. and Almeida Cheminant, K. and Almela, A. and Alvarez-Muñiz, J. and Ammerman Yebra, J. and Anastasi, G. A. and Anchordoqui, L. and Andrada, B. and Andringa, S. and Aramo, C. and Araújo Ferreira, P. R. and Arnone, E. and Arteaga Velázquez, J. C. and Asorey, H. and Assis, P. and Avila, G. and Avocone, E. and Badescu, A. M. and Bakalova, A. and Balaceanu, A. and Barbato, F. and Bellido, J. A. and Berat, C. and Bertaina, M. E. and Bhatta, G. and Biermann, P. L. and Binet, V. and Bismark, K. and Bister, T. and Biteau, J. and Blazek, J. and Bleve, C. and Blümer, J. and Boháčová, M. and Boncioli, D. and Bonifazi, C. and Bonneau Arbeletche, L. and Borodai, N. and Brack, J. and Bretz, T. and Brichetto Orchera, P. G. and Briechle, F. L. and Buchholz, P. and Bueno, A. and Buitink, S. and Buscemi, M. and Büsken, M. and Bwembya, A. and Caballero-Mora, K. S. and Caccianiga, L. and Caracas, I. and Caruso, R. and Castellina, A. and Catalani, F. and Cataldi, G. and Cazon, L. and Cerda, M. and Chinellato, J. A. and Chudoba, J. and Chytka, L. and Clay, R. W. and Cobos Cerutti, A. C. and Colalillo, R. and Coleman, A. and Coluccia, M. R. and Conceição, R. and Condorelli, A. and Consolati, G. and Conte, M. and Contreras, F. and Convenga, F. and Correia dos Santos, D. and Covault, C. E. and Cristinziani, M. and Cruz Sanchez, C. S. and Dasso, S. and Daumiller, K. and Dawson, B. R. and de Almeida, R. M. and de Jesús, J. and de Jong, S. J. and de Mello Neto, J. R.T. and De Mitri, I. and de Oliveira, J. and de Oliveira Franco, D. and de Palma, F. and de Souza, V. and De Vito, E. and Del Popolo, A. and Deligny, O. and Deval, L. and di Matteo, A. and Dobre, M. and Dobrigkeit, C. and D'Olivo, J. C. and Domingues Mendes, L. M. and dos Anjos, R. C. and Ebr, J. and Eman, M. and Engel, R. and Epicoco, I. and Erdmann, M. and Etchegoyen, A. and Falcke, H. and Farmer, J. and Farrar, G. and Fauth, A. C. and Fazzini, N. and Feldbusch, F. and Fenu, F. and Fick, B. and Figueira, J. M. and Filipčič, A. and Fitoussi, T. and Flaggs, B. and Fodran, T. and Fujii, T. and Fuster, A. and Galea, C. and Galelli, C. and García, B. and Gemmeke, H. and Gesualdi, F. and Gherghel-Lascu, A. and Ghia, P. L. and Giaccari, U. and Giammarchi, M. and Glombitza, J. and Gobbi, F. and Gollan, F. and Golup, G. and Gómez Berisso, M. and Gómez Vitale, P. F. and Gongora, J. P. and González, J. M. and González, N. and Goos, I. and Góra, D. and Gorgi, A. and Gottowik, M. and Grubb, T. D. and Guarino, F. and Guedes, G. P. and Guido, E. and Hahn, S. and Hamal, P. and Hampel, M. R. and Hansen, P. and Harari, D. and Harvey, V. M. and Haungs, A. and Hebbeker, T. and Heck, D. and Hojvat, C. and Hörandel, J. R. and Horvath, P. and Hrabovský, M. and Huege, T. and Insolia, A. and Isar, P. G. and Janecek, P. and Johnsen, J. A. and Jurysek, J. and Kääpä, A. and Kampert, K. H. and Keilhauer, B. and Khakurdikar, A. and Kizakke Covilakam, V. V. and Klages, H. O. and Kleifges, M. and Kleinfeller, J. and Knapp, F. and Kunka, N. and Lago, B. L. and Langner, N. and Leigui de Oliveira, M. A. and Lenok, V. and Letessier-Selvon, A. and Lhenry-Yvon, I. and Lo Presti, D. and Lopes, L. and López, R. and Lu, L. and Luce, Q. and Lundquist, J. P. and Machado Payeras, A. and Majercakova, M. and Mandat, D. and Manning, B. C. and Manshanden, J. and Mantsch, P. and Marafico, S. and Mariani, F. M. and Mariazzi, A. G. and Mariş, I. C. and Marsella, G. and Martello, D. and Martinelli, S. and Martínez Bravo, O. and Martins, M. A. and Mastrodicasa, M. and Mathes, H. J. and Matthews, J. and Matthiae, G. and Mayotte, E. and Mayotte, S. and Mazur, P. O. and Medina-Tanco, G. and Meinert, J. and Melo, D. and Menshikov, A. and Michal, S. and Micheletti, M. I. and Miramonti, L. and Mollerach, S. and Montanet, F. and Morejon, L. and Morello, C. and Müller, A. L. and Mulrey, K. and Mussa, R. and Muzio, M. and Namasaka, W. M. and Nasr-Esfahani, A. and Nellen, L. and Nicora, G. and Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. and Niechciol, M. and Nitz, D. and Norwood, I. and Nosek, D. and Novotny, V. and Nožka, L. and Nucita, A. and Núñez, L. A. and Oliveira, C. and Palatka, M. and Pallotta, J. and Parente, G. and Parra, A. and Pawlowsky, J. and Pech, M. and Pȩkala, J. and Pelayo, R. and Pereira Martins, E. E. and Perez Armand, J. and Pérez Bertolli, C. and Perrone, L. and Petrera, S. and Petrucci, C. and Pierog, T. and Pimenta, M. and Platino, M. and Pont, B. and Pothast, M. and Pourmohammad Shavar, M. and Privitera, P. and Prouza, M. and Puyleart, A. and Querchfeld, S. and Rautenberg, J. and Ravignani, D. and Reininghaus, M. and Ridky, J. and Riehn, F. and Risse, M. and Rizi, V. and Rodrigues de Carvalho, W. and Rodriguez Rojo, J. and Roncoroni, M. J. and Rossoni, S. and Roth, M. and Roulet, E. and Rovero, A. C. and Ruehl, P. and Saftoiu, A. and Saharan, M. and Salamida, F. and Salazar, H. and Salina, G. and Sanabria Gomez, J. D. and Sánchez, F. and Santos, E. M. and Santos, E. and Sarazin, F. and Sarmento, R. and Sato, R. and Savina, P. and Schäfer, C. M. and Scherini, V. and Schieler, H. and Schimassek, M. and Schimp, M. and Schlüter, F. and Schmidt, D. and Scholten, O. and Schoorlemmer, H. and Schovánek, P. and Schröder, F. G. and Schulte, J. and Schulz, T. and Sciutto, S. J. and Scornavacche, M. and Segreto, A. and Sehgal, S. and Shivashankara, S. U. and Sigl, G. and Silli, G. and Sima, O. and Smau, R. and Šmída, R. and Sommers, P. and Soriano, J. F. and Squartini, R. and Stadelmaier, M. and Stanca, D. and Stanič, S. and Stasielak, J. and Stassi, P. and Straub, M. and Streich, A. and Suárez-Durán, M. and Suomijärvi, T. and Supanitsky, A. D. and Szadkowski, Z. and Tapia, A. and Taricco, C. and Timmermans, C. and Tkachenko, O. and Tobiska, P. and Todero Peixoto, C. J. and Tomé, B. and Torrès, Z. and Travaini, A. and Travnicek, P. and Trimarelli, C. and Tueros, M. and Ulrich, R. and Unger, M. and Vaclavek, L. and Vacula, M. and Valdés Galicia, J. F. and Valore, L. and Varela, E. and Vásquez-Ramírez, A. and Veberič, D. and Ventura, C. and Vergara Quispe, I. D. and Verzi, V. and Vicha, J. and Vink, J. and Vorobiov, S. and Watanabe, C. and Watson, A. A. and Weindl, A. and Wiencke, L. and Wilczyński, H. and Wittkowski, D. and Wundheiler, B. and Yushkov, A. and Zapparrata, O. and Zas, E. and Zavrtanik, D. and Zavrtanik, M.},
abstractNote = {In this work we present the interpretation of the energy spectrum and mass composition data as measured by the Pierre Auger Collaboration above 6 × 1017 eV. We use an astrophysical model with two extragalactic source populations to model the hardening of the cosmic-ray flux at around 5 × 1018 eV (the so-called "ankle" feature) as a transition between these two components. We find our data to be well reproduced if sources above the ankle emit a mixed composition with a hard spectrum and a low rigidity cutoff. The component below the ankle is required to have a very soft spectrum and a mix of protons and intermediate-mass nuclei. The origin of this intermediate-mass component is not well constrained and it could originate from either Galactic or extragalactic sources. To the aim of evaluating our capability to constrain astrophysical models, we discuss the impact on the fit results of the main experimental systematic uncertainties and of the assumptions about quantities affecting the air shower development as well as the propagation and redshift distribution of injected ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs).},
doi = {10.1088/1475-7516/2023/05/024},
journal = {Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics},
number = 05,
volume = 2023,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed May 10 00:00:00 EDT 2023},
month = {Wed May 10 00:00:00 EDT 2023}
}
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  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa2751

A combined fit of energy spectrum, shower depth distribution and arrival directions to constrain astrophysical models of UHECR sources
conference, August 2021

  • Bister, Teresa; Abreu, Pedro; Aglietta, Marco
  • Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)
  • DOI: 10.22323/1.395.0368

Extraction of the muon signals recorded with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory using recurrent neural networks
journal, July 2021

On the spectrum of stable secondary nuclei in cosmic rays
journal, July 2017

  • Blasi, P.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 471, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx1696

Features of the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays above 2.5 × 10 18     eV Using the Pierre Auger Observatory
journal, September 2020

Effects of uncertainties in simulations of extragalactic UHECR propagation, using CRPropa and SimProp
journal, October 2015

  • Batista, R. Alves; Boncioli, D.; di Matteo, A.
  • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2015, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2015/10/063

Cosmic-Ray Anisotropies in Right Ascension Measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory
journal, March 2020

Combined fit of spectrum and composition data as measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory
journal, April 2017

The diffuse γ-ray background is dominated by star-forming galaxies
journal, September 2021

Radio Sources and Star Formation in the Local Universe
journal, August 2002

  • Condon, J. J.; Cotton, W. D.; Broderick, J. J.
  • The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 124, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/341650

Progress towards characterizing ultrahigh energy cosmic ray sources
journal, November 2019

CONSTRAINTS ON THE ORIGIN OF COSMIC RAYS ABOVE 10 18 eV FROM LARGE-SCALE ANISOTROPY SEARCHES IN DATA OF THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY
journal, December 2012

Escape model for Galactic cosmic rays and an early extragalactic transition
journal, April 2015

Observational Constraints on Cosmic-Ray Escape from Ultrahigh-energy Accelerators
journal, August 2022

  • Luce, Quentin; Marafico, Sullivan; Biteau, Jonathan
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 936, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac81cc

Stellar Mass and Star Formation Rate within a Billion Light-years
journal, September 2021

Ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray nuclei and neutrinos from engine-driven supernovae
journal, November 2019

Constraints on the Hosts of UHECR Accelerators
journal, January 2023

  • Muzio, Marco Stein; Farrar, Glennys R.
  • The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 942, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/acac93

Magnetic diffusion effects on the ultra-high energy cosmic ray spectrum and composition
journal, October 2013

Mass Composition of Cosmic Rays with Energies above 10$^{17.2}$ eV from the Hybrid Data of the Pierre Auger Observatory
conference, August 2019

  • Yushkov, Alexey
  • Proceedings of 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2019)
  • DOI: 10.22323/1.358.0482

CRPropa 3—a public astrophysical simulation framework for propagating extraterrestrial ultra-high energy particles
journal, May 2016

  • Batista, Rafael Alves; Dundovic, Andrej; Erdmann, Martin
  • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2016, Issue 05
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2016/05/038

AugerPrime: the Pierre Auger Observatory Upgrade
journal, January 2019

THE COSMIC EVOLUTION OF FERMI BL LACERTAE OBJECTS
journal, December 2013

Origin of the light cosmic ray component below the ankle
journal, November 2018

Cosmic ray anisotropy as signature for the transition from galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays
journal, July 2012

  • Giacinti, G.; Kachelrieß, M.; Semikoz, D. V.
  • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2012, Issue 07
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2012/07/031

End to the Cosmic-Ray Spectrum?
journal, April 1966

The Origin of the Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Background and Implications for dark Matter Annihilation
journal, February 2015

Reinterpreting the development of extensive air showers initiated by nuclei and photons
journal, July 2013

  • Domenico, Manlio De; Settimo, Mariangela; Riggi, Simone
  • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2013, Issue 07
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2013/07/050

Probing the environments surrounding ultrahigh energy cosmic ray accelerators and their implications for astrophysical neutrinos
journal, January 2022

Probing the Extragalactic Cosmic-Ray Origin with Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Backgrounds
journal, April 2017

  • Globus, Noemie; Allard, Denis; Parizot, Etienne
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 839, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa6af0

Neutrinos and Ultra-high-energy Cosmic-ray Nuclei from Blazars
journal, February 2018

  • Rodrigues, Xavier; Fedynitch, Anatoli; Gao, Shan
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 854, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaa7ee

Can diffusive shock acceleration in supernova remnants account for high-energy galactic cosmic rays?
journal, April 2005

Performance of two Askaryan Radio Array stations and first results in the search for ultrahigh energy neutrinos
journal, April 2016

Reconciling the ultra-high energy cosmic ray spectrum with Fermi shock acceleration
journal, March 2006

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