DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Improving fatigue performance of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V using sulfur-based self-terminating etching processes

Abstract

The adoption of Additively Manufactured (AM) Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) is continually increasing in the industry due to its benefits over the conventional manufacturing techniques. However, AM Ti64 parts are prone to poor surface finish, which significantly affects their fatigue performance. Therefore, AM Ti64 parts need post-processing to enhance surface finish and fatigue performance. Prior work with a sulfur-based self-terminating etching process for AM Ti64 demonstrated support removal and surface roughness reduction. To further this work, this manuscript details the impact of this sulfur-based post-processing technique on the mechanical properties and the fatigue life of AM Ti64 by characterizing the surface roughness, microstructural evolution, and fracture surfaces. Finally, this post-processing technique decreased the surface roughness parameter - Sv by 55 % from 84 ± 11 µm to 38 ± 19 µm and increased the average fatigue life by 340 % from about 7000 cycles to 30,000 cycles.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]
  1. Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Kansas City Nuclear Security Campus (KCNSC), Kansas City, MO (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1907381
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1902164
Report Number(s):
NSC-614-4632
Journal ID: ISSN 2214-8604
Grant/Contract Number:  
EE0008166; NA0002839; 1944516
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Additive Manufacturing
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 61; Journal ID: ISSN 2214-8604
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; additive manufacturing; post-processing; Ti-6Al-4V; surface roughness; fatigue

Citation Formats

Raikar, Subbarao, DiGregorio, Steven, Agnani, Milan, Hommer, Garrison M., and Hildreth, Owen J. Improving fatigue performance of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V using sulfur-based self-terminating etching processes. United States: N. p., 2022. Web. doi:10.1016/j.addma.2022.103331.
Raikar, Subbarao, DiGregorio, Steven, Agnani, Milan, Hommer, Garrison M., & Hildreth, Owen J. Improving fatigue performance of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V using sulfur-based self-terminating etching processes. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.103331
Raikar, Subbarao, DiGregorio, Steven, Agnani, Milan, Hommer, Garrison M., and Hildreth, Owen J. Thu . "Improving fatigue performance of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V using sulfur-based self-terminating etching processes". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.103331. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1907381.
@article{osti_1907381,
title = {Improving fatigue performance of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V using sulfur-based self-terminating etching processes},
author = {Raikar, Subbarao and DiGregorio, Steven and Agnani, Milan and Hommer, Garrison M. and Hildreth, Owen J.},
abstractNote = {The adoption of Additively Manufactured (AM) Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) is continually increasing in the industry due to its benefits over the conventional manufacturing techniques. However, AM Ti64 parts are prone to poor surface finish, which significantly affects their fatigue performance. Therefore, AM Ti64 parts need post-processing to enhance surface finish and fatigue performance. Prior work with a sulfur-based self-terminating etching process for AM Ti64 demonstrated support removal and surface roughness reduction. To further this work, this manuscript details the impact of this sulfur-based post-processing technique on the mechanical properties and the fatigue life of AM Ti64 by characterizing the surface roughness, microstructural evolution, and fracture surfaces. Finally, this post-processing technique decreased the surface roughness parameter - Sv by 55 % from 84 ± 11 µm to 38 ± 19 µm and increased the average fatigue life by 340 % from about 7000 cycles to 30,000 cycles.},
doi = {10.1016/j.addma.2022.103331},
journal = {Additive Manufacturing},
number = ,
volume = 61,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2022},
month = {Thu Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2022}
}

Works referenced in this record:

The effect of post-sintering treatments on the fatigue and biological behavior of Ti-6Al-4V ELI parts made by selective laser melting
journal, July 2017

  • Benedetti, M.; Torresani, E.; Leoni, M.
  • Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, Vol. 71
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.03.024

Fatigue performance evaluation of selective laser melted Ti–6Al–4V
journal, March 2014


Laser polishing of additive manufactured Ti alloys
journal, June 2017


Additive manufacturing of fatigue resistant materials: Challenges and opportunities
journal, May 2017


A comparison of fatigue strength sensitivity to defects for materials manufactured by AM or traditional processes
journal, January 2017


Design guidelines for laser additive manufacturing of lightweight structures in TiAl6V4
journal, February 2015

  • Kranz, J.; Herzog, D.; Emmelmann, C.
  • Journal of Laser Applications, Vol. 27, Issue S1
  • DOI: 10.2351/1.4885235

Laser polishing: a review of a constantly growing technology in the surface finishing of components made by additive manufacturing
journal, February 2022

  • Annamaria, Gisario; Massimiliano, Barletta; Francesco, Veniali
  • The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 120, Issue 3-4
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00170-022-08840-x

Influence of the post-processing operations on surface integrity of metal components produced by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing: a review
journal, January 2021


The effects of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification on the fatigue performance of 3D-printed Ti64
journal, October 2017


On the fatigue properties of metals manufactured by selective laser melting – The role of ductility
journal, July 2014

  • Leuders, Stefan; Lieneke, Tobias; Lammers, Stefan
  • Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 29, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2014.157

Improvement of fatigue resistance and ductility of TiAl6V4 processed by selective laser melting
journal, June 2015


Effect of Build Orientation on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting
journal, June 2019

  • Ren, Shubin; Chen, Yuhong; Liu, Tingting
  • Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 50, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11661-019-05322-w

Additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V alloy: A review
journal, February 2019


Heat treatment of Ti6Al4V produced by Selective Laser Melting: Microstructure and mechanical properties
journal, November 2012


The influence of additive manufacturing processing parameters on surface roughness and fatigue life
journal, July 2019


Fatigue Life of Titanium Alloys Fabricated by Additive Layer Manufacturing Techniques for Dental Implants
journal, October 2012

  • Chan, Kwai S.; Koike, Marie; Mason, Robert L.
  • Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 44, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11661-012-1470-4

Fatigue performance of additive manufactured TiAl6V4 using electron and laser beam melting
journal, January 2017


Multiaxial fatigue behavior of wrought and additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V including surface finish effect
journal, July 2017


NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis
journal, June 2012

  • Schneider, Caroline A.; Rasband, Wayne S.; Eliceiri, Kevin W.
  • Nature Methods, Vol. 9, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2089

Characterization of metal additive manufacturing surfaces using synchrotron X-ray CT and micromechanical modeling
journal, December 2017


Fatigue properties of EBM as-built and chemically etched thin parts
journal, January 2017