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Title: Direct Ink Writing of 3D Zn Structures as High‐Capacity Anodes for Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries

Abstract

The relationship between structure and performance in alkaline Zn batteries is undeniable, where anode utilization, dendrite formation, shape change, and passivation issues are all addressable through anode morphology. While tailoring 3D hosts can improve the electrode performance, these practices are inherently limited by scaffolds that increase the mass or volume. Herein, a direct write strategy for producing template‐free metallic 3D Zn electrode architectures is discussed. Concentrated inks are customized to build designs with low electrical resistivity (5 × 10 −4  Ω cm), submillimeter sizes (200 μm filaments), and high mechanical stability (Young's modulus of 0.1–0.5 GPa at relative densities of 0.28–0.46). A printed Zn lattice anode versus NiOOH cathode with an alkaline polymer gel electrolyte is then demonstrated. This Zn||NiOOH cell operates for over 650 cycles at high rates of 25 mA cm −2 with an average areal capacity of 11.89 mAh cm −2 , a cumulative capacity of 7.8 Ah cm −2 , and a volumetric capacity of 23.78 mAh cm −3 . A thicker Zn anode achieves an ultrahigh areal capacity of 85.45 mAh cm −2 and a volumetric capacity of 81.45 mAh cm −3 without significant microstructural changes after 50 cycles.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [5];  [3];  [1];  [5];  [6];  [3]; ORCiD logo [4]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Engineering Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA 94550 USA
  2. Department of Power Sources R&,D Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM 87123 USA
  3. Physics and Life Science Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA 94550 USA
  4. Department of Photovoltaics and Materials Technology Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM 87123 USA
  5. Department of Chemical Engineering The CUNY Energy Institute City College of New York New York NY 10031 USA
  6. Nanoscale Sciences Department Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM 87123 USA
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Electricity (OE); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1905166
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1905168; OSTI ID: 2204103
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-835018
Journal ID: ISSN 2688-4062; 2200323
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344; NA-0003525; NA0003525
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Small Structures
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Small Structures Journal Volume: 4 Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 2688-4062
Publisher:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English
Subject:
25 ENERGY STORAGE; direct ink writing; polymer gel electrolytes; Zn||NiOOH alkaline batteries; 3D-printed Zn anodes

Citation Formats

Zhu, Cheng, Schorr, Noah B., Qi, Zhen, Wygant, Bryan R., Turney, Damon E., Yadav, Gautam G., Worsley, Marcus A., Duoss, Eric B., Banerjee, Sanjoy, Spoerke, Erik D., van Buuren, Anthony, and Lambert, Timothy N. Direct Ink Writing of 3D Zn Structures as High‐Capacity Anodes for Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries. Germany: N. p., 2022. Web. doi:10.1002/sstr.202200323.
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Zhu, Cheng, Schorr, Noah B., Qi, Zhen, Wygant, Bryan R., Turney, Damon E., Yadav, Gautam G., Worsley, Marcus A., Duoss, Eric B., Banerjee, Sanjoy, Spoerke, Erik D., van Buuren, Anthony, & Lambert, Timothy N. Direct Ink Writing of 3D Zn Structures as High‐Capacity Anodes for Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries. Germany. https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202200323
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Zhu, Cheng, Schorr, Noah B., Qi, Zhen, Wygant, Bryan R., Turney, Damon E., Yadav, Gautam G., Worsley, Marcus A., Duoss, Eric B., Banerjee, Sanjoy, Spoerke, Erik D., van Buuren, Anthony, and Lambert, Timothy N. Thu . "Direct Ink Writing of 3D Zn Structures as High‐Capacity Anodes for Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries". Germany. https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202200323.
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@article{osti_1905166,
title = {Direct Ink Writing of 3D Zn Structures as High‐Capacity Anodes for Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries},
author = {Zhu, Cheng and Schorr, Noah B. and Qi, Zhen and Wygant, Bryan R. and Turney, Damon E. and Yadav, Gautam G. and Worsley, Marcus A. and Duoss, Eric B. and Banerjee, Sanjoy and Spoerke, Erik D. and van Buuren, Anthony and Lambert, Timothy N.},
abstractNote = {The relationship between structure and performance in alkaline Zn batteries is undeniable, where anode utilization, dendrite formation, shape change, and passivation issues are all addressable through anode morphology. While tailoring 3D hosts can improve the electrode performance, these practices are inherently limited by scaffolds that increase the mass or volume. Herein, a direct write strategy for producing template‐free metallic 3D Zn electrode architectures is discussed. Concentrated inks are customized to build designs with low electrical resistivity (5 × 10 −4  Ω cm), submillimeter sizes (200 μm filaments), and high mechanical stability (Young's modulus of 0.1–0.5 GPa at relative densities of 0.28–0.46). A printed Zn lattice anode versus NiOOH cathode with an alkaline polymer gel electrolyte is then demonstrated. This Zn||NiOOH cell operates for over 650 cycles at high rates of 25 mA cm −2 with an average areal capacity of 11.89 mAh cm −2 , a cumulative capacity of 7.8 Ah cm −2 , and a volumetric capacity of 23.78 mAh cm −3 . A thicker Zn anode achieves an ultrahigh areal capacity of 85.45 mAh cm −2 and a volumetric capacity of 81.45 mAh cm −3 without significant microstructural changes after 50 cycles.},
doi = {10.1002/sstr.202200323},
journal = {Small Structures},
number = 4,
volume = 4,
place = {Germany},
year = {Thu Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2022},
month = {Thu Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2022}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202200323
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