Title: Pathogenesis of Primary Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection in the Nasopharynx of Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Cattle

Journal Article · · PLoS ONE
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [4]
  1. US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, NY (United States). Plum Island Animal Disease Center; Oak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); OSTI
  2. US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, NY (United States). Plum Island Animal Disease Center; Oak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  3. US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, NY (United States). Plum Island Animal Disease Center
  4. Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

A time-course pathogenesis study was performed to compare and contrast primary footand-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection following simulated-natural (intra-nasopharyngeal) virus exposure of cattle that were non-vaccinated or vaccinated using a recombinant adenovirus-vectored FMDV vaccine. FMDV genome and infectious virus were detected during the initial phase of infection in both categories of animals with consistent predilection for the nasopharyngeal mucosa. A rapid progression of infection with viremia and widespread dissemination of virus occurred in non-vaccinated animals whilst vaccinated cattle were protected from viremia and clinical FMD. Analysis of micro-anatomic distribution of virus during early infection by lasercapture microdissection localized FMDV RNA to follicleassociated epithelium of the nasopharyngeal mucosa in both groups of animals, with concurrent detection of viral genome in nasopharyngeal MALT follicles in vaccinated cattle only. FMDV structural and non-structural proteins were detected in epithelial cells of the nasopharyngeal mucosa by immunomicroscopy 24 hours after inoculation in both non-vaccinated and vaccinated steers. Co-localization of CD11c+ /MHC II+ cells with viral protein occurred early at primary infection sites in vaccinated steers while similar host-virus interactions were observed at later time points in non-vaccinated steers. Additionally, numerous CD8+ /CD3- host cells, representing presumptive natural killer cells, were observed in association with foci of primary FMDV infection in the nasopharyngeal mucosa of vaccinated steers but were absent in non-vaccinated steers. Immunomicroscopic evidence of an activated antiviral response at primary infection sites of vaccinated cattle was corroborated by a relative induction of interferon -α, -β, -γ and -λ mRNA in micro-dissected samples of nasopharyngeal mucosa. Although vaccination protected cattle from viremia and clinical FMD, there was subclinical infection of epithelial cells of the nasopharyngeal mucosa that could enable shedding and long-term persistence of infectious virus. Additionally, these data indicate different mechanisms within the immediate host response to infection between nonvaccinated and vaccinated cattle.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
US Dept. of Homeland Security (DHS); USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0014664
OSTI ID:
1904939
Journal Information:
PLoS ONE, Journal Name: PLoS ONE Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 10; ISSN 1932-6203
Publisher:
Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Cited By (14)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus O/ME-SA/Ind 2001 lineage outbreak in vaccinated Holstein Friesian cattle in Saudi Arabia in 2016 journal January 2018
The Foot-and-Mouth Disease Carrier State Divergence in Cattle journal May 2016
Contact Challenge of Cattle with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Validates the Role of the Nasopharyngeal Epithelium as the Site of Primary and Persistent Infection journal December 2018
Systemic immune response and virus persistence after foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of naïve cattle and cattle vaccinated with a homologous adenovirus-vectored vaccine journal September 2016
Proof-of-concept study: profile of circulating microRNAs in Bovine serum harvested during acute and persistent FMDV infection journal April 2017
Pathogenesis of virulent and attenuated foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle journal May 2017
Early pathogenesis of the foot-and-mouth disease virus O/JPN/2010 in experimentally infected pigs journal January 2018
Transcriptomic Analysis of Persistent Infection with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle Suggests Impairment of Apoptosis and Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Nasopharynx journal September 2016
Virulence beneath the fleece; a tale of foot-and-mouth disease virus pathogenesis in sheep journal December 2019
The Different Tactics of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus to Evade Innate Immunity journal November 2018
The Pathogenesis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Pigs journal May 2016
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Infection Dynamics in Contact-Exposed Pigs Are Determined by the Estimated Exposure Dose journal July 2018
Parameterization of the Durations of Phases of Foot-And-Mouth Disease in Cattle journal August 2019
Use of IFN-Based Biotherapeutics to Harness the Host Against Foot-And-Mouth Disease journal August 2020

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
cattle
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interferons
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vaccination and immunization
viral vaccines
viremia