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Title: Deletion of African Swine Fever Virus Histone-like Protein, A104R from the Georgia Isolate Drastically Reduces Virus Virulence in Domestic Pigs

Journal Article · · Viruses
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/v14051112 · OSTI ID:1904926
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [3];  [5];  [3];  [3];  [3]; ORCiD logo [3]
  1. US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, NY (United States); OSTI
  2. US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, NY (United States); Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS (United States)
  3. US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, NY (United States)
  4. US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, NY (United States); Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  5. US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, NY (United States); Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of a frequently lethal disease, ASF, affecting domestic and wild swine. Currently, ASF is causing a pandemic affecting pig production in Eurasia. There are no vaccines available, and therefore control of the disease is based on culling infected animals. We report here that deletion of the ASFV gene A104R, a virus histone-like protein, from the genome of the highly virulent ASFV-Georgia2010 (ASFV-G) strain induces a clear decrease in virus virulence when experimentally inoculated in domestic swine. A recombinant virus lacking the A104R gene, ASFV-G-ΔA104R, was developed to assess the role of the A104R gene in disease production in swine. Domestic pigs were intramuscularly inoculated with 102 HAD50 of ASFV-G-ΔA104R, and compared with animals that received a similar dose of virulent ASFV-G. While all ASFV-G inoculated animals developed a fatal form of the disease, animals receiving ASFV-G-ΔA104R survived the challenge, remaining healthy during the 28-day observational period, with the exception of only one showing a protracted but fatal form of the disease. ASFV-G-ΔA104R surviving animals presented protracted viremias with reduced virus titers when compared with those found in animals inoculated with ASFV-G, and all of them developed a strong virus-specific antibody response. This is the first report demonstrating that the A104R gene is involved in ASFV virulence in domestic swine, suggesting that A104R deletion may be used to increase the safety profile of currently experimental vaccines.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC); U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0014664
OSTI ID:
1904926
Journal Information:
Viruses, Journal Name: Viruses Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 14; ISSN 1999-4915
Publisher:
MDPICopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
ASF
ASFV
African swine fever virus
protective immunity
virus neutralizing antibodies