Persistent, extensive channelized drainage modeled beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica
Abstract
Subglacial hydrology is a leading control on basal friction and the dynamics of glaciers and ice sheets. At low discharge, subglacial water flows through high-pressure, sheet-like systems that lead to low effective pressures. However, at high discharge, subglacial water melts the overlying ice into localized channels that efficiently remove water from the bed, thereby increasing effective pressure and basal friction. Recent observations suggest channelized subglacial flow exists beneath Thwaites Glacier, yet it remains unclear if stable channelization is feasible in West Antarctica, where surface melting is nonexistent and water at the bed is limited. Here, we use the MPAS-Albany Land Ice model to run a suite of over 130 subglacial hydrology simulations of Thwaites Glacier across a wide range of physical parameter choices to assess the likelihood of channelization. We then narrow our range of viable simulations by comparing modeled water thicknesses to previously observed radar specularity content, which indicates flat, spatially extensive water bodies at the bed. In all of our data-compatible simulations, stable channels reliably form within 100–200 km of the grounding line and reach individual discharge rates of 35–110 m3 s-1 at the ice–ocean boundary. While only one to two channels typically form across the 200 kmmore »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1885203
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1889995
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-22-29317
Journal ID: ISSN 1994-0424
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-06NA25396; AC02-05CH11231; 89233218CNA000001; 1543012
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- The Cryosphere (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: The Cryosphere (Online) Journal Volume: 16 Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 1994-0424
- Publisher:
- Copernicus GmbH
- Country of Publication:
- Germany
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Citation Formats
Hager, Alexander O., Hoffman, Matthew J., Price, Stephen F., and Schroeder, Dustin M. Persistent, extensive channelized drainage modeled beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica. Germany: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.5194/tc-16-3575-2022.
Hager, Alexander O., Hoffman, Matthew J., Price, Stephen F., & Schroeder, Dustin M. Persistent, extensive channelized drainage modeled beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica. Germany. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3575-2022
Hager, Alexander O., Hoffman, Matthew J., Price, Stephen F., and Schroeder, Dustin M. Fri .
"Persistent, extensive channelized drainage modeled beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica". Germany. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3575-2022.
@article{osti_1885203,
title = {Persistent, extensive channelized drainage modeled beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica},
author = {Hager, Alexander O. and Hoffman, Matthew J. and Price, Stephen F. and Schroeder, Dustin M.},
abstractNote = {Subglacial hydrology is a leading control on basal friction and the dynamics of glaciers and ice sheets. At low discharge, subglacial water flows through high-pressure, sheet-like systems that lead to low effective pressures. However, at high discharge, subglacial water melts the overlying ice into localized channels that efficiently remove water from the bed, thereby increasing effective pressure and basal friction. Recent observations suggest channelized subglacial flow exists beneath Thwaites Glacier, yet it remains unclear if stable channelization is feasible in West Antarctica, where surface melting is nonexistent and water at the bed is limited. Here, we use the MPAS-Albany Land Ice model to run a suite of over 130 subglacial hydrology simulations of Thwaites Glacier across a wide range of physical parameter choices to assess the likelihood of channelization. We then narrow our range of viable simulations by comparing modeled water thicknesses to previously observed radar specularity content, which indicates flat, spatially extensive water bodies at the bed. In all of our data-compatible simulations, stable channels reliably form within 100–200 km of the grounding line and reach individual discharge rates of 35–110 m3 s-1 at the ice–ocean boundary. While only one to two channels typically form across the 200 km width of the glacier in our simulations, their high efficiency drains water across the entire lateral extent of the glacier. We posit the large catchment size of Thwaites Glacier, its funnel-like geometry, and high basal melt rates together accumulate enough water to form stable channels. No simulations resembled observed specularity content when channelization was disabled. Our results suggest channelized subglacial hydrology has two consequences for Thwaites Glacier dynamics: (i) amplifying submarine melting of the terminus and ice shelf while (ii) simultaneously raising effective pressure within 100 km of the grounding line and increasing basal friction. The distribution of effective pressure implied from our modeling differs from parameterizations typically used in large-scale ice sheet models, suggesting the development of more process-based parameterizations may be necessary.},
doi = {10.5194/tc-16-3575-2022},
journal = {The Cryosphere (Online)},
number = 9,
volume = 16,
place = {Germany},
year = {Fri Sep 02 00:00:00 EDT 2022},
month = {Fri Sep 02 00:00:00 EDT 2022}
}
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