DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Distinguishing Mesoscale Polar Order (Unidirectional vs Bidirectional) of Cellulose Microfibrils in Plant Cell Walls Using Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy

Abstract

Cellulose in plant cell walls are synthesized as crystalline microfibrils with diameters of 3–4 nm and lengths of around 1–10 μm. These microfibrils are known to be the backbone of cell walls, and their multiscale three-dimensional organization plays a critical role in cell wall functions including plant growth and recalcitrance to degradation. The mesoscale organization of microfibrils over a 1–100 nm range in cell walls is challenging to resolve because most characterization techniques investigating this length scale suffer from low spatial resolution, sample preparation artifacts, or inaccessibility of specific cell types. Here, we report a sum frequency generation (SFG) study determining the mesoscale polarity of cellulose microfibrils in intact plant cell walls. SFG is a nonlinear optical spectroscopy technique sensitive to the molecular-to-mesoscale order of noncentrosymmetric domains in amorphous matrices. However, the quantitative theoretical model to unravel the effect of polarity in packing of noncentrosymmetric domains on SFG spectral features has remained unresolved. In this work, we show how the phase synchronization principle of the SFG process is used to predict the relative intensities of vibrational modes with different polar angles from the noncentrosymmetric domain axis. Applying this model calculation for the first time and employing SFG microscopy, we foundmore » that cellulose microfibrils in certain xylem cell walls are deposited unidirectionally (or biased in one direction) instead of the bidirectional polarity which was believed to be dominant in plant cell walls from volume-averaged characterizations of macroscopic samples. Here, with this advancement in SFG analysis, one can now determine the relative polarity of noncentrosymmetric domains such as crystalline biopolymers interspersed in amorphous polymer matrices, which will open opportunities to study new questions that have not been conceived in the past.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
  2. Univ. Grenoble Alpes (France)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1873670
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0001090
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Physical Chemistry. B, Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces and Biophysical Chemistry
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 124; Journal Issue: 37; Journal ID: ISSN 1520-6106
Publisher:
American Chemical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Cells; Cellulose; Crystals; Nonlinear optics; Polarity

Citation Formats

Makarem, Mohamadamin, Nishiyama, Yoshiharu, Xin, Xiaoran, Durachko, Daniel M., Gu, Ying, Cosgrove, Daniel J., and Kim, Seong H. Distinguishing Mesoscale Polar Order (Unidirectional vs Bidirectional) of Cellulose Microfibrils in Plant Cell Walls Using Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07076.
Makarem, Mohamadamin, Nishiyama, Yoshiharu, Xin, Xiaoran, Durachko, Daniel M., Gu, Ying, Cosgrove, Daniel J., & Kim, Seong H. Distinguishing Mesoscale Polar Order (Unidirectional vs Bidirectional) of Cellulose Microfibrils in Plant Cell Walls Using Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07076
Makarem, Mohamadamin, Nishiyama, Yoshiharu, Xin, Xiaoran, Durachko, Daniel M., Gu, Ying, Cosgrove, Daniel J., and Kim, Seong H. Mon . "Distinguishing Mesoscale Polar Order (Unidirectional vs Bidirectional) of Cellulose Microfibrils in Plant Cell Walls Using Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07076. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1873670.
@article{osti_1873670,
title = {Distinguishing Mesoscale Polar Order (Unidirectional vs Bidirectional) of Cellulose Microfibrils in Plant Cell Walls Using Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy},
author = {Makarem, Mohamadamin and Nishiyama, Yoshiharu and Xin, Xiaoran and Durachko, Daniel M. and Gu, Ying and Cosgrove, Daniel J. and Kim, Seong H.},
abstractNote = {Cellulose in plant cell walls are synthesized as crystalline microfibrils with diameters of 3–4 nm and lengths of around 1–10 μm. These microfibrils are known to be the backbone of cell walls, and their multiscale three-dimensional organization plays a critical role in cell wall functions including plant growth and recalcitrance to degradation. The mesoscale organization of microfibrils over a 1–100 nm range in cell walls is challenging to resolve because most characterization techniques investigating this length scale suffer from low spatial resolution, sample preparation artifacts, or inaccessibility of specific cell types. Here, we report a sum frequency generation (SFG) study determining the mesoscale polarity of cellulose microfibrils in intact plant cell walls. SFG is a nonlinear optical spectroscopy technique sensitive to the molecular-to-mesoscale order of noncentrosymmetric domains in amorphous matrices. However, the quantitative theoretical model to unravel the effect of polarity in packing of noncentrosymmetric domains on SFG spectral features has remained unresolved. In this work, we show how the phase synchronization principle of the SFG process is used to predict the relative intensities of vibrational modes with different polar angles from the noncentrosymmetric domain axis. Applying this model calculation for the first time and employing SFG microscopy, we found that cellulose microfibrils in certain xylem cell walls are deposited unidirectionally (or biased in one direction) instead of the bidirectional polarity which was believed to be dominant in plant cell walls from volume-averaged characterizations of macroscopic samples. Here, with this advancement in SFG analysis, one can now determine the relative polarity of noncentrosymmetric domains such as crystalline biopolymers interspersed in amorphous polymer matrices, which will open opportunities to study new questions that have not been conceived in the past.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07076},
journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry. B, Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces and Biophysical Chemistry},
number = 37,
volume = 124,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Mon Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}

Works referenced in this record:

Plant Cell Walls
book, April 2010


Growth of the plant cell wall
journal, November 2005

  • Cosgrove, Daniel J.
  • Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Vol. 6, Issue 11, p. 850-861
  • DOI: 10.1038/nrm1746

Experimental evidence for a mechanical function of the cellulose microfibril angle in wood cell walls
journal, September 1999


A Kinesin-Like Protein Is Essential for Oriented Deposition of Cellulose Microfibrils and Cell Wall Strength
journal, December 2002

  • Zhong, Ruiqin; Burk, David H.; Morrison, W. Herbert
  • The Plant Cell, Vol. 14, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1105/tpc.005801

Alteration of Oriented Deposition of Cellulose Microfibrils by Mutation of a Katanin-Like Microtubule-Severing Protein
journal, August 2002


Access to cellulose limits the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis: the role of amorphogenesis
journal, January 2010

  • Arantes, Valdeir; Saddler, Jack N.
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 3, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-3-4

Deconstruction of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Fuels and Chemicals
journal, July 2011


Reviving the carbohydrate economy via multi-product lignocellulose biorefineries
journal, January 2008


Cellulose microfibril aggregates and their size variation with cell wall type
journal, January 2007


Real-Time Imaging of Cellulose Reorientation during Cell Wall Expansion in Arabidopsis Roots
journal, December 2009

  • Anderson, Charles T.; Carroll, Andrew; Akhmetova, Laila
  • Plant Physiology, Vol. 152, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.150128

Cellulose synthase complexes act in a concerted fashion to synthesize highly aggregated cellulose in secondary cell walls of plants
journal, September 2016

  • Li, Shundai; Bashline, Logan; Zheng, Yunzhen
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 40
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613273113

High-Resolution Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) Imaging of Cellulose Microfibril Organization in Plant Primary Cell Walls
journal, August 2017

  • Zheng, Yunzhen; Cosgrove, Daniel J.; Ning, Gang
  • Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 23, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1017/S143192761701251X

Dual-axis electron tomography: a new approach for investigating the spatial organization of wood cellulose microfibrils
journal, July 2006

  • Xu, Ping; Donaldson, Lloyd A.; Gergely, Zachary R.
  • Wood Science and Technology, Vol. 41, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00226-006-0088-3

Cellulose microfibril angle in the cell wall of wood fibres
journal, January 1999


Measuring the distribution of cellulose microfibril angles in primary cell walls by small angle X-ray scattering
journal, January 2014


Resonant soft X-ray scattering reveals cellulose microfibril spacing in plant primary cell walls
journal, August 2018


Crystal Structure and Hydrogen-Bonding System in Cellulose Iβ from Synchrotron X-ray and Neutron Fiber Diffraction
journal, August 2002

  • Nishiyama, Yoshiharu; Langan, Paul; Chanzy, Henri
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 124, Issue 31
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja0257319

Crystal Structure and Hydrogen Bonding System in Cellulose I α from Synchrotron X-ray and Neutron Fiber Diffraction
journal, November 2003

  • Nishiyama, Yoshiharu; Sugiyama, Junji; Chanzy, Henri
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 125, Issue 47
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja037055w

Solid-state 13C-NMR study of conformations of oligosaccharides and cellulose: Conformation of CH2OH group about the exo-cyclic C-C bond
journal, September 1983

  • Horii, Fumitaka; Hirai, Asako; Kitamaru, Ryozo
  • Polymer Bulletin, Vol. 10, Issue 7-8
  • DOI: 10.1007/BF00281948

Solid-state NMR investigations of cellulose structure and interactions with matrix polysaccharides in plant primary cell walls
journal, September 2015

  • Wang, Tuo; Hong, Mei
  • Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 67, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv416

Cellulose-Pectin Spatial Contacts Are Inherent to Never-Dried Arabidopsis Primary Cell Walls: Evidence from Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
journal, June 2015

  • Wang, Tuo; Park, Yong Bum; Cosgrove, Daniel J.
  • Plant Physiology, Vol. 168, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00665

Infrared and Raman spectroscopy of carbohydrates. Paper V. Normal coordinate analysis of cellulose I
journal, February 1975

  • Cael, J. J.; Gardner, K. H.; Koenig, J. L.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 62, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.430558

Probing cellulose structures with vibrational spectroscopy
journal, January 2019


Qualitative and quantitative analysis of lignocellulosic biomass using infrared techniques: A mini-review
journal, April 2013


Selective Detection of Crystalline Cellulose in Plant Cell Walls with Sum-Frequency-Generation (SFG) Vibration Spectroscopy
journal, July 2011

  • Barnette, Anna L.; Bradley, Laura C.; Veres, Brandon D.
  • Biomacromolecules, Vol. 12, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1021/bm200518n

Inhomogeneity of Cellulose Microfibril Assembly in Plant Cell Walls Revealed with Sum Frequency Generation Microscopy
journal, April 2018

  • Huang, Shixin; Makarem, Mohamadamin; Kiemle, Sarah N.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 122, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b01537

Dehydration-induced physical strains of cellulose microfibrils in plant cell walls
journal, October 2018


Implementing the Theory of Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy: A Tutorial Review
journal, May 2005

  • Lambert, Alex G.; Davies, Paul B.; Neivandt, David J.
  • Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, Vol. 40, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1081/ASR-200038326

Quantitative spectral and orientational analysis in surface sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS)
journal, April 2005

  • Wang *, Hong-Fei; Gan † ‡, Wei; Lu † ‡ §, Rong
  • International Reviews in Physical Chemistry, Vol. 24, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1080/01442350500225894

Hydrogen-Bonding Network and OH Stretch Vibration of Cellulose: Comparison of Computational Modeling with Polarized IR and SFG Spectra
journal, November 2015

  • Lee, Christopher M.; Kubicki, James D.; Fan, Bingxin
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 119, Issue 49
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08015

Multimodal Broadband Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation (MM-BB-V-SFG) Spectrometer and Microscope
journal, December 2015

  • Lee, Christopher M.; Kafle, Kabindra; Huang, Shixin
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 120, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10290

Random quasi-phase-matching in bulk polycrystalline isotropic nonlinear materials
journal, November 2004

  • Baudrier-Raybaut, M.; Haïdar, R.; Kupecek, Ph.
  • Nature, Vol. 432, Issue 7015
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature03027

Molecular architecture of softwood revealed by solid-state NMR
journal, October 2019


Imaging the bipolarity of myosin filaments with Interferometric Second Harmonic Generation microscopy
journal, January 2013

  • Rivard, Maxime; Couture, Charles-André; Miri, Amir K.
  • Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 4, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1364/BOE.4.002078

Mapping Molecular Orientation with Phase Sensitive Vibrationally Resonant Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy
journal, May 2013

  • Han, Yang; Raghunathan, Varun; Feng, Ran-ran
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 117, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp4022147

Phase-Sensitive Sum-Frequency Generation Measurements Using a Femtosecond Nonlinear Interferometer
journal, February 2019

  • Sun, Shumei; Bisson, Patrick J.; Bonn, Mischa
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 123, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b00861

Vibrational sum frequency generation digital holography
journal, June 2017

  • Ma, Ding; Lee, Christopher M.; Chen, Yizhu
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 25
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4986451

Nanoscale movements of cellulose microfibrils in primary cell walls
journal, April 2017

  • Zhang, Tian; Vavylonis, Dimitrios; Durachko, Daniel M.
  • Nature Plants, Vol. 3, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2017.56

Magnetic field effects on cellulose nanocrystal ordering in a non-aqueous solvent
journal, July 2020


Absence of Sum Frequency Generation in Support of Orthorhombic Symmetry of α-Chitin
journal, September 2016


Characterization of Starch Polymorphic Structures Using Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy
journal, February 2014

  • Kong, Lingyan; Lee, Christopher; Kim, Seong H.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 118, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp411130n

Sum Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopy: The Molecular Origins of the Optical Second-Order Nonlinearity of Collagen
journal, December 2007