Physics of runaway electrons with shattered pellet injection at JET

Reux, Cedric; Paz-Soldan, C.; Eidietis, N.; Lehnen, M.; Aleynikov, P.; Silburn, S.; Bandaru, V.; Ficker, O.; Hoelzl, M.; Hollmann, E. M.; Jachmich, S.; Joffrin, E.; Lomas, P. J.; Rimini, F.; Baylor, L.; Bleasdale, A.; Calacci, L.; Causa, F.; Carnevale, D.; Coffey, I.; Craven, D.; Dal Molin, A.; de la Luna, E.; De Tommasi, G.; Garcia, J.; Gebhart, T.; Giacomelli, L.; Huber, A.; Khilkevich, E.; Lowry, C.; Macusova, E.; Manzanares, A.; Nocente, M.; Panontin, E.; Papp, G.; Pautasso, G.; Peacock, A.; Plyusnin, V.; Shevelev, A.; Shiraki, D.; Sommariva, C.; Sozzi, C.; Sridhar, S.; Sweeney, R.; Szepesi, G.; Tinguely, R. A.; Wilson, J.

doi:10.1088/1361-6587/ac48bc

Title: Physics of runaway electrons with shattered pellet injection at JET

Journal Article · 01 February 2022 · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ac48bc · OSTI ID:1870218

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CEA, IRFM, Saint Paul Lez Durance (France)
General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States); Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
ITER Organization, St. Paul Lez Durance (France)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald (Germany)
Culham Science Centre, Abingdon (United Kingdom). Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE)
Max Planck Inst. fuer Plasmaphysik, Garching (Germany)
Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prague (Czech Republic). Institute of Plasma Physics
Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Tor Vergata Univ. of Rome (Italy)
Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi (ISTP-CNR), Milan (Italy)
Queen's Univ., Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)
University Milano-Bicocca, Milan (Italy)
Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Madrid (Spain). Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion
Consorzio CREATE, Napoli (Italy)
Forschungszentrum Juelich (Germany)
Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg (Russian Federation). Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute
Univ. of Lisbon (Portugal)
Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (Switzerland)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Runaway electrons (REs) created during tokamak disruptions pose a threat to the reliable operation of future larger machines. Experiments using shattered pellet injection (SPI) have been carried out at the JET tokamak to investigate ways to prevent their generation or suppress them if avoidance is not sufficient. Avoidance is possible if the SPI contains a sufficiently low fraction of high-Z material, or if it is fired early in advance of a disruption prone to runaway generation. These results are consistent with previous similar findings obtained with Massive Gas Injection. Suppression of an already accelerated beam is not efficient using High-Z material, but deuterium leads to harmless terminations without heat loads. This effect is due to the combination of a large magnetohydrodynamic instability scattering REs on a large area and the absence of runaway regeneration during the subsequent current collapse thanks to the flushing of high-Z impurities from the runaway companion plasma. This effect also works in situations where the runaway beam moves upwards and undergoes scraping-off on the wall.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Euratom Research and Training Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Contributing Organization:: JET Contributors

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1870218

Journal Information:: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Journal Name: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 64; ISSN 0741-3335

Publisher:: IOP ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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