First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. Testing the Black Hole Metric
Abstract
Astrophysical black holes are expected to be described by the Kerr metric. This is the only stationary, vacuum, axisymmetric metric, without electromagnetic charge, that satisfies Einstein's equations and does not have pathologies outside of the event horizon. We present new constraints on potential deviations from the Kerr prediction based on 2017 EHT observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). We calibrate the relationship between the geometrically defined black hole shadow and the observed size of the ring-like images using a library that includes both Kerr and non-Kerr simulations. We use the exquisite prior constraints on the mass-to-distance ratio for Sgr A* to show that the observed image size is within ~10% of the Kerr predictions. We use these bounds to constrain metrics that are parametrically different from Kerr, as well as the charges of several known spacetimes. To consider alternatives to the presence of an event horizon, we explore the possibility that Sgr A* is a compact object with a surface that either absorbs and thermally reemits incident radiation or partially reflects it. Using the observed image size and the broadband spectrum of Sgr A*, we conclude that a thermal surface can be ruled out and a fully reflective one ismore »
- Authors:
- more »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- Contributing Org.:
- The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1868459
- Report Number(s):
- FERMILAB-PUB-22-422-PPD
Journal ID: ISSN 2041-8205; oai:inspirehep.net:2080902; TRN: US2306294
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-07CH11359
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- The Astrophysical Journal. Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 930; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-8205
- Publisher:
- IOP Publishing
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Citation Formats
Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Ceccobello, Chiara, Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Dhruv, Vedant, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Dougal, Sean, Dzib, Sergio A., Eatough, Ralph P., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, José L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C. Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Bella, Noemi La, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lu, Ru-Sen, Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel M., Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Souccar, Kamal, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan. First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. Testing the Black Hole Metric. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac6756.
Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Ceccobello, Chiara, Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Dhruv, Vedant, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Dougal, Sean, Dzib, Sergio A., Eatough, Ralph P., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, José L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C. Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Bella, Noemi La, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lu, Ru-Sen, Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel M., Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Souccar, Kamal, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, & Zhao, Shan-Shan. First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. Testing the Black Hole Metric. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6756
Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Ceccobello, Chiara, Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Dhruv, Vedant, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Dougal, Sean, Dzib, Sergio A., Eatough, Ralph P., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, José L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C. Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Bella, Noemi La, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lu, Ru-Sen, Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel M., Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Souccar, Kamal, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan. Thu .
"First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. Testing the Black Hole Metric". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6756. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1868459.
@article{osti_1868459,
title = {First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. Testing the Black Hole Metric},
author = {Akiyama, Kazunori and Alberdi, Antxon and Alef, Walter and Algaba, Juan Carlos and Anantua, Richard and Asada, Keiichi and Azulay, Rebecca and Bach, Uwe and Baczko, Anne-Kathrin and Ball, David and Baloković, Mislav and Barrett, John and Bauböck, Michi and Benson, Bradford A. and Bintley, Dan and Blackburn, Lindy and Blundell, Raymond and Bouman, Katherine L. and Bower, Geoffrey C. and Boyce, Hope and Bremer, Michael and Brinkerink, Christiaan D. and Brissenden, Roger and Britzen, Silke and Broderick, Avery E. and Broguiere, Dominique and Bronzwaer, Thomas and Bustamante, Sandra and Byun, Do-Young and Carlstrom, John E. and Ceccobello, Chiara and Chael, Andrew and Chan, Chi-kwan and Chatterjee, Koushik and Chatterjee, Shami and Chen, Ming-Tang and Chen, Yongjun and Cheng, Xiaopeng and Cho, Ilje and Christian, Pierre and Conroy, Nicholas S. and Conway, John E. and Cordes, James M. and Crawford, Thomas M. and Crew, Geoffrey B. and Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro and Cui, Yuzhu and Davelaar, Jordy and De Laurentis, Mariafelicia and Deane, Roger and Dempsey, Jessica and Desvignes, Gregory and Dexter, Jason and Dhruv, Vedant and Doeleman, Sheperd S. and Dougal, Sean and Dzib, Sergio A. and Eatough, Ralph P. and Emami, Razieh and Falcke, Heino and Farah, Joseph and Fish, Vincent L. and Fomalont, Ed and Ford, H. Alyson and Fraga-Encinas, Raquel and Freeman, William T. and Friberg, Per and Fromm, Christian M. and Fuentes, Antonio and Galison, Peter and Gammie, Charles F. and García, Roberto and Gentaz, Olivier and Georgiev, Boris and Goddi, Ciriaco and Gold, Roman and Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. and Gómez, José L. and Gu, Minfeng and Gurwell, Mark and Hada, Kazuhiro and Haggard, Daryl and Haworth, Kari and Hecht, Michael H. and Hesper, Ronald and Heumann, Dirk and Ho, Luis C. and Ho, Paul and Honma, Mareki and Huang, Chih-Wei L. and Huang, Lei and Hughes, David H. and Ikeda, Shiro and Impellizzeri, C. Violette and Inoue, Makoto and Issaoun, Sara and James, David J. and Jannuzi, Buell T. and Janssen, Michael and Jeter, Britton and Jiang, Wu and Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra and Johnson, Michael D. and Jorstad, Svetlana and Joshi, Abhishek V. and Jung, Taehyun and Karami, Mansour and Karuppusamy, Ramesh and Kawashima, Tomohisa and Keating, Garrett K. and Kettenis, Mark and Kim, Dong-Jin and Kim, Jae-Young and Kim, Jongsoo and Kim, Junhan and Kino, Motoki and Koay, Jun Yi and Kocherlakota, Prashant and Kofuji, Yutaro and Koch, Patrick M. and Koyama, Shoko and Kramer, Carsten and Kramer, Michael and Krichbaum, Thomas P. and Kuo, Cheng-Yu and Bella, Noemi La and Lauer, Tod R. and Lee, Daeyoung and Lee, Sang-Sung and Leung, Po Kin and Levis, Aviad and Li, Zhiyuan and Lico, Rocco and Lindahl, Greg and Lindqvist, Michael and Lisakov, Mikhail and Liu, Jun and Liu, Kuo and Liuzzo, Elisabetta and Lo, Wen-Ping and Lobanov, Andrei P. and Loinard, Laurent and Lonsdale, Colin J. and Lu, Ru-Sen and Mao, Jirong and Marchili, Nicola and Markoff, Sera and Marrone, Daniel P. and Marscher, Alan P. and Martí-Vidal, Iván and Matsushita, Satoki and Matthews, Lynn D. and Medeiros, Lia and Menten, Karl M. and Michalik, Daniel and Mizuno, Izumi and Mizuno, Yosuke and Moran, James M. and Moriyama, Kotaro and Moscibrodzka, Monika and Müller, Cornelia and Mus, Alejandro and Musoke, Gibwa and Myserlis, Ioannis and Nadolski, Andrew and Nagai, Hiroshi and Nagar, Neil M. and Nakamura, Masanori and Narayan, Ramesh and Narayanan, Gopal and Natarajan, Iniyan and Nathanail, Antonios and Fuentes, Santiago Navarro and Neilsen, Joey and Neri, Roberto and Ni, Chunchong and Noutsos, Aristeidis and Nowak, Michael A. and Oh, Junghwan and Okino, Hiroki and Olivares, Héctor and Ortiz-León, Gisela N. and Oyama, Tomoaki and Özel, Feryal and Palumbo, Daniel M. and Paraschos, Georgios Filippos and Park, Jongho and Parsons, Harriet and Patel, Nimesh and Pen, Ue-Li and Pesce, Dominic W. and Piétu, Vincent and Plambeck, Richard and PopStefanija, Aleksandar and Porth, Oliver and Pötzl, Felix M. and Prather, Ben and Preciado-López, Jorge A. and Psaltis, Dimitrios and Pu, Hung-Yi and Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh and Rao, Ramprasad and Rawlings, Mark G. and Raymond, Alexander W. and Rezzolla, Luciano and Ricarte, Angelo and Ripperda, Bart and Roelofs, Freek and Rogers, Alan and Ros, Eduardo and Romero-Cañizales, Cristina and Roshanineshat, Arash and Rottmann, Helge and Roy, Alan L. and Ruiz, Ignacio and Ruszczyk, Chet and Rygl, Kazi J. and Sánchez, Salvador and Sánchez-Argüelles, David and Sánchez-Portal, Miguel and Sasada, Mahito and Satapathy, Kaushik and Savolainen, Tuomas and Schloerb, F. Peter and Schonfeld, Jonathan and Schuster, Karl-Friedrich and Shao, Lijing and Shen, Zhiqiang and Small, Des and Sohn, Bong Won and SooHoo, Jason and Souccar, Kamal and Sun, He and Tazaki, Fumie and Tetarenko, Alexandra J. and Tiede, Paul and Tilanus, Remo J. and Titus, Michael and Torne, Pablo and Traianou, Efthalia and Trent, Tyler and Trippe, Sascha and Turk, Matthew and van Bemmel, Ilse and van Langevelde, Huib Jan and van Rossum, Daniel R. and Vos, Jesse and Wagner, Jan and Ward-Thompson, Derek and Wardle, John and Weintroub, Jonathan and Wex, Norbert and Wharton, Robert and Wielgus, Maciek and Wiik, Kaj and Witzel, Gunther and Wondrak, Michael F. and Wong, George N. and Wu, Qingwen and Yamaguchi, Paul and Yoon, Doosoo and Young, André and Young, Ken and Younsi, Ziri and Yuan, Feng and Yuan, Ye-Fei and Zensus, J. Anton and Zhang, Shuo and Zhao, Guang-Yao and Zhao, Shan-Shan},
abstractNote = {Astrophysical black holes are expected to be described by the Kerr metric. This is the only stationary, vacuum, axisymmetric metric, without electromagnetic charge, that satisfies Einstein's equations and does not have pathologies outside of the event horizon. We present new constraints on potential deviations from the Kerr prediction based on 2017 EHT observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). We calibrate the relationship between the geometrically defined black hole shadow and the observed size of the ring-like images using a library that includes both Kerr and non-Kerr simulations. We use the exquisite prior constraints on the mass-to-distance ratio for Sgr A* to show that the observed image size is within ~10% of the Kerr predictions. We use these bounds to constrain metrics that are parametrically different from Kerr, as well as the charges of several known spacetimes. To consider alternatives to the presence of an event horizon, we explore the possibility that Sgr A* is a compact object with a surface that either absorbs and thermally reemits incident radiation or partially reflects it. Using the observed image size and the broadband spectrum of Sgr A*, we conclude that a thermal surface can be ruled out and a fully reflective one is unlikely. We compare our results to the broader landscape of gravitational tests. Together with the bounds found for stellar-mass black holes and the M87 black hole, our observations provide further support that the external spacetimes of all black holes are described by the Kerr metric, independent of their mass.},
doi = {10.3847/2041-8213/ac6756},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal. Letters},
number = 2,
volume = 930,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu May 12 00:00:00 EDT 2022},
month = {Thu May 12 00:00:00 EDT 2022}
}
Works referenced in this record:
On quantum deformation of the Schwarzschild solution
journal, October 1994
- Kazakov, D. I.; Solodukhin, S. N.
- Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 429, Issue 1
A millisecond pulsar in a stellar triple system
journal, January 2014
- Ransom, S. M.; Stairs, I. H.; Archibald, A. M.
- Nature, Vol. 505, Issue 7484
Bayesian metric reconstruction with gravitational wave observations
journal, October 2020
- Völkel, Sebastian H.; Barausse, Enrico
- Physical Review D, Vol. 102, Issue 8
Source-Intrinsic Near-Infrared Properties of sgr a*: Total Intensity Measurements
journal, November 2012
- Witzel, G.; Eckart, A.; Bremer, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 203, Issue 2
Strong-field tests of relativistic gravity and binary pulsars
journal, March 1992
- Damour, Thibault; Taylor, J. H.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 45, Issue 6
Multiwavelength Light Curves of Two Remarkable Sagittarius A* Flares
journal, August 2018
- Fazio, G. G.; Hora, J. L.; Witzel, G.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 864, Issue 1
Sgr A*: The Optimal Testbed of Strong-Field Gravity
journal, February 2011
- Psaltis, Dimitrios; Johannsen, Tim
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 283
Asymptotic safety casts its shadow
journal, June 2019
- Held, Aaron; Gold, Roman; Eichhorn, Astrid
- Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 06
Orbital precession of the S2 star in Scalar–Tensor–Vector Gravity
journal, December 2021
- Della Monica, Riccardo; de Martino, Ivan; de Laurentis, Mariafelicia
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 510, Issue 4
The shape of the black hole photon ring: A precise test of strong-field general relativity
journal, December 2020
- Gralla, Samuel E.; Lupsasca, Alexandru; Marrone, Daniel P.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 102, Issue 12
First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Imaging of the Galactic Center Supermassive Black Hole
journal, May 2022
- Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter
- The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 930, Issue 2
Shadows and strong gravitational lensing: a brief review
journal, March 2018
- Cunha, Pedro V. P.; Herdeiro, Carlos A. R.
- General Relativity and Gravitation, Vol. 50, Issue 4
Shadow of rotating regular black holes
journal, May 2016
- Abdujabbarov, Ahmadjon; Amir, Muhammed; Ahmedov, Bobomurat
- Physical Review D, Vol. 93, Issue 10
On the nature of the dark mass in the centre of the Milky Way
journal, October 1997
- Genzel, R.; Eckart, A.; Ott, T.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 291, Issue 1
New tests of the strong equivalence principle using binary-pulsar data
journal, May 1991
- Damour, Thibault; Schäfer, Gerhard
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 66, Issue 20
Improved determination of γ by VLBI
journal, April 2011
- Lambert, S. B.; Le Poncin-Lafitte, C.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 529
Improving Galactic Center Astrometry by Reducing the Effects of Geometric Distortion
journal, November 2010
- Yelda, S.; Lu, J. R.; Ghez, A. M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 725, Issue 1
General relativistic magnetohydrodynamical κ -jet
models for Sagittarius A*
journal, April 2018
- Davelaar, J.; Mościbrodzka, M.; Bronzwaer, T.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 612
Universal interferometric signatures of a black hole’s photon ring
journal, March 2020
- Johnson, Michael D.; Lupsasca, Alexandru; Strominger, Andrew
- Science Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 12
Test of the Einstein Equivalence Principle near the Galactic Center Supermassive Black Hole
journal, March 2019
- Amorim, A.; Bauböck, M.; Berger, J. P.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 10
Testing the No-Hair Theorem with Observations in the Electromagnetic Spectrum. ii. Black hole Images
journal, June 2010
- Johannsen, Tim; Psaltis, Dimitrios
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 718, Issue 1
New varying speed of light theories
journal, October 2003
- Magueijo, João
- Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 66, Issue 11
Detection of orbital motions near the last stable circular orbit of the massive black hole SgrA*
journal, October 2018
- Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Bauböck, M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 618
Constraining particle acceleration in Sgr A ⋆ with simultaneous GRAVITY, Spitzer , NuSTAR , and Chandra observations
journal, October 2021
- Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Bauböck, M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 654
The First Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics Observations of the Galactic Center: Sgr A*’s Infrared Color and the Extended Red Emission in its Vicinity
journal, December 2005
- Ghez, A. M.; Hornstein, S. D.; Lu, J. R.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 635, Issue 2
Improved GRAVITY astrometric accuracy from modeling optical aberrations
journal, March 2021
- Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Bauböck, M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 647
On the Nature of the Fast-Moving Star S2 in the Galactic Center
journal, December 2007
- Martins, F.; Gillessen, S.; Eisenhauer, F.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 672, Issue 2
Shadows of spherically symmetric black holes and naked singularities
journal, October 2018
- Shaikh, Rajibul; Kocherlakota, Prashant; Narayan, Ramesh
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 482, Issue 1
gravity after the detection of the orbital precession of the S2 star around the Galactic Center massive black hole
journal, November 2021
- De Martino, Ivan; della Monica, Riccardo; De Laurentis, Mariafelicia
- Physical Review D, Vol. 104, Issue 10
Supersymmetry as a cosmic censor
journal, December 1992
- Kallosh, Renata; Linde, Andrei; Ortín, Tomás
- Physical Review D, Vol. 46, Issue 12
General parametrization of axisymmetric black holes in metric theories of gravity
journal, March 2016
- Konoplya, Roman; Rezzolla, Luciano; Zhidenko, Alexander
- Physical Review D, Vol. 93, Issue 6
Deflection of light to second order: A tool for illustrating principles of general relativity
journal, August 2003
- Bodenner, Jeremiah; Will, Clifford M.
- American Journal of Physics, Vol. 71, Issue 8
Dynamics and observational signatures of shell-like black hole mimickers
journal, December 2021
- Danielsson, Ulf; Lehner, Luis; Pretorius, Frans
- Physical Review D, Vol. 104, Issue 12
New method for shadow calculations: Application to parametrized axisymmetric black holes
journal, October 2016
- Younsi, Ziri; Zhidenko, Alexander; Rezzolla, Luciano
- Physical Review D, Vol. 94, Issue 8
Approximate waveforms for extreme-mass-ratio inspirals in modified gravity spacetimes
journal, September 2011
- Gair, Jonathan; Yunes, Nicolás
- Physical Review D, Vol. 84, Issue 6
heroic: 3D general relativistic radiative post-processor with comptonization for black hole accretion discs
journal, January 2016
- Narayan, Ramesh; Zhu, Yucong; Psaltis, Dimitrios
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 457, Issue 1
Measuring Distance and Properties of the Milky Way’s Central Supermassive Black Hole with Stellar Orbits
journal, December 2008
- Ghez, A. M.; Salim, S.; Weinberg, N. N.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 689, Issue 2
Metric for rapidly spinning black holes suitable for strong-field tests of the no-hair theorem
journal, June 2011
- Johannsen, Tim; Psaltis, Dimitrios
- Physical Review D, Vol. 83, Issue 12
Republication of: The theoretical significance of experimental relativity
journal, April 2019
- Dicke, R. H.
- General Relativity and Gravitation, Vol. 51, Issue 5
Cosmological Tests of Gravity
journal, August 2019
- Ferreira, Pedro G.
- Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 57, Issue 1
Dynamically important magnetic fields near the event horizon of Sgr A*
journal, November 2020
- Jiménez-Rosales, A.; Dexter, J.; Widmann, F.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 643
Reflection-asymmetric wormholes and their double shadows
journal, October 2020
- Wielgus, Maciek; Horák, Jiří; Vincent, Frederic
- Physical Review D, Vol. 102, Issue 8
Quantum Phase Transitions and the Failure of Classical General Relativity
journal, August 2003
- Chapline, George
- International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 18, Issue 21
Particle Acceleration and the Origin of X-Ray Flares in Grmhd Simulations of sgr a*
journal, July 2016
- Ball, David; Özel, Feryal; Psaltis, Dimitrios
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 826, Issue 1
Advection-dominated Accretion: Underfed Black Holes and Neutron Stars
journal, October 1995
- Narayan, Ramesh; Yi, Insu
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 452
Sgr A* near-infrared flares from reconnection events in a magnetically arrested disc
journal, August 2020
- Dexter, J.; Tchekhovskoy, A.; Jiménez-Rosales, A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 497, Issue 4
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole
journal, April 2019
- Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1
The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment
journal, June 2014
- Will, Clifford M.
- Living Reviews in Relativity, Vol. 17, Issue 1
A Parametric Model for the Shapes of Black Hole Shadows in Non-Kerr Spacetimes
journal, June 2020
- Medeiros, Lia; Psaltis, Dimitrios; Özel, Feryal
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 896, Issue 1
Thin accretion disks in stationary axisymmetric wormhole spacetimes
journal, March 2009
- Harko, Tiberiu; Kovács, Zoltán; Lobo, Francisco S. N.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 79, Issue 6
Systematic study of event horizons and pathologies of parametrically deformed Kerr spacetimes
journal, June 2013
- Johannsen, Tim
- Physical Review D, Vol. 87, Issue 12
Global Structure of the Kerr Family of Gravitational Fields
journal, October 1968
- Carter, Brandon
- Physical Review, Vol. 174, Issue 5
How to tell an accreting boson star from a black hole
journal, July 2020
- Olivares, Hector; Younsi, Ziri; Fromm, Christian M.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 497, Issue 1
Strong Constraints on Cosmological Gravity from GW170817 and GRB 170817A
journal, December 2017
- Baker, T.; Bellini, E.; Ferreira, P. G.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 25
GRay: A MASSIVELY PARALLEL GPU-BASED CODE FOR RAY TRACING IN RELATIVISTIC SPACETIMES
journal, October 2013
- Chan, Chi-kwan; Psaltis, Dimitrios; Özel, Feryal
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 777, Issue 1
Evaluation of New Submillimeter VLBI Sites for the Event Horizon Telescope
journal, February 2021
- Raymond, Alexander W.; Palumbo, Daniel; Paine, Scott N.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 253, Issue 1
An Adaptive Scheduling Tool to Optimize Measurements to Reach a Scientific Objective: Methodology and Application to Measurements of Stellar Orbits in the Galactic Center
journal, July 2019
- Hees, A.; Dehghanfar, A.; Do, T.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 2
Distinguishing gravitational and emission physics in black hole imaging: spherical symmetry
journal, April 2022
- Kocherlakota, Prashant; Rezzolla, Luciano
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 513, Issue 1
SPITZER /IRAC OBSERVATIONS OF THE VARIABILITY OF Sgr A* AND THE OBJECT G2 AT 4.5 μm
journal, September 2014
- Hora, J. L.; Witzel, G.; Ashby, M. L. N.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 793, Issue 2
Improving Orbit Estimates for Incomplete Orbits with a New Approach to Priors: with Applications from Black Holes to Planets
journal, June 2019
- O’Neil, K. Kosmo; Martinez, G. D.; Hees, A.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 158, Issue 1
The structure of the nuclear stellar cluster of the Milky Way
journal, May 2007
- Schödel, R.; Eckart, A.; Alexander, T.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 469, Issue 1
Fundamental theoretical bias in gravitational wave astrophysics and the parametrized post-Einsteinian framework
journal, December 2009
- Yunes, Nicolás; Pretorius, Frans
- Physical Review D, Vol. 80, Issue 12
Variability Timescale and Spectral Index of Sgr A* in the Near Infrared: Approximate Bayesian Computation Analysis of the Variability of the Closest Supermassive Black Hole
journal, August 2018
- Witzel, G.; Martinez, G.; Hora, J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 1
The Shadow of a Spherically Accreting Black Hole
journal, November 2019
- Narayan, Ramesh; Johnson, Michael D.; Gammie, Charles F.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 2
Three-Dimensional Stellar Kinematics at the Galactic Center: Measuring the Nuclear star Cluster Spatial Density Profile, Black hole Mass, and Distance
journal, November 2013
- Do, T.; Martinez, G. D.; Yelda, S.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 779, Issue 1
Mass distribution in the Galactic Center based on interferometric astrometry of multiple stellar orbits
journal, January 2022
- Abuter, R.; Aimar, N.; Amorim, A.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 657
Metrics and Motivations for Earth–Space VLBI: Time-resolving Sgr A* with the Event Horizon Telescope
journal, August 2019
- Palumbo, Daniel C. M.; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Johnson, Michael D.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1
New parametrization for spherically symmetric black holes in metric theories of gravity
journal, October 2014
- Rezzolla, Luciano; Zhidenko, Alexander
- Physical Review D, Vol. 90, Issue 8
Uniqueness of the Kerr Black Hole
journal, April 1975
- Robinson, D. C.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 34, Issue 14
MeqSilhouette v2: spectrally resolved polarimetric synthetic data generation for the event horizon telescope
journal, February 2022
- Natarajan, Iniyan; Deane, Roger; Martí-Vidal, Iván
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 512, Issue 1
THEZA: TeraHertz Exploration and Zooming-in for Astrophysics: An ESA Voyage 2050 White Paper
journal, May 2021
- Gurvits, Leonid I.; Paragi, Zsolt; Casasola, Viviana
- Experimental Astronomy, Vol. 51, Issue 3
The current ability to test theories of gravity with black hole shadows
journal, April 2018
- Mizuno, Yosuke; Younsi, Ziri; Fromm, Christian M.
- Nature Astronomy, Vol. 2, Issue 7
Challenging the presence of scalar charge and dipolar radiation in binary pulsars
journal, January 2016
- Yagi, Kent; Stein, Leo C.; Yunes, Nicolás
- Physical Review D, Vol. 93, Issue 2
Toward the event horizon—the supermassive black hole in the Galactic Center
journal, November 2013
- Falcke, H.; Markoff, S. B.
- Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 30, Issue 24
A powerful flare from Sgr A* confirms the synchrotron nature of the X-ray emission
journal, March 2017
- Ponti, G.; George, E.; Scaringi, S.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 468, Issue 2
Kerr Black Holes Are Not Unique to General Relativity
journal, March 2008
- Psaltis, Dimitrios; Perrodin, Delphine; Dienes, Keith R.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 9
Black Hole Flares: Ejection of Accreted Magnetic Flux through 3D Plasmoid-mediated Reconnection
journal, January 2022
- Ripperda, B.; Liska, M.; Chatterjee, K.
- The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 924, Issue 2
Accretion onto neutron stars under adiabatic shock conditions
journal, June 1975
- Shapiro, S. L.; Salpeter, E. E.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 198
Polarimetric Properties of Event Horizon Telescope Targets from ALMA
journal, March 2021
- Goddi, Ciriaco; Martí-Vidal, Iván; Messias, Hugo
- The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 910, Issue 1
Search for a Variation of the Fine Structure Constant around the Supermassive Black Hole in Our Galactic Center
journal, February 2020
- Hees, A.; Do, T.; Roberts, B. M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 124, Issue 8
The Orbit of the star s2 Around sgr a* from very Large Telescope and keck data
journal, December 2009
- Gillessen, S.; Eisenhauer, F.; Fritz, T. K.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 707, Issue 2
Testing general relativity with the Event Horizon Telescope
journal, October 2019
- Psaltis, Dimitrios
- General Relativity and Gravitation, Vol. 51, Issue 10
Detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole
journal, April 2020
- Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Bauböck, M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 636
Testing General Relativity with Stellar Orbits around the Supermassive Black Hole in Our Galactic Center
journal, May 2017
- Hees, A.; Do, T.; Ghez, A. M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 21
Second-scale Submillimeter Variability of Sagittarius A* during Flaring Activity of 2019: On the Origin of Bright Near-infrared Flares
journal, October 2021
- Murchikova, Lena; Witzel, Gunther
- The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 920, Issue 1
Shapes and Positions of Black Hole Shadows in Accretion Disks and Spin Parameters of Black Holes
journal, August 2004
- Takahashi, Rohta
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 611, Issue 2
Probing the black hole metric: Black hole shadows and binary black-hole inspirals
journal, May 2021
- Psaltis, Dimitrios; Talbot, Colm; Payne, Ethan
- Physical Review D, Vol. 103, Issue 10
Tests of general relativity with the binary black hole signals from the LIGO-Virgo catalog GWTC-1
journal, November 2019
- Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 10
Bumpy black holes in alternative theories of gravity
journal, May 2011
- Vigeland, Sarah; Yunes, Nicolás; Stein, Leo C.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 83, Issue 10
The Event Horizon of Sagittarius a*
journal, July 2009
- Broderick, Avery E.; Loeb, Abraham; Narayan, Ramesh
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 701, Issue 2
Gravitational Radiation and the Motion of Two Point Masses
journal, November 1964
- Peters, P. C.
- Physical Review, Vol. 136, Issue 4B
The disc-jet symbiosis emerges: modelling the emission of Sagittarius A* with electron thermodynamics
journal, February 2017
- Ressler, S. M.; Tchekhovskoy, A.; Quataert, E.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 467, Issue 3
Shadows of rotating wormholes
journal, July 2018
- Shaikh, Rajibul
- Physical Review D, Vol. 98, Issue 2
Event horizons in static electrovac space-times
journal, September 1968
- Israel, Werner
- Communications in Mathematical Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 3
Stellar dynamics in the Galactic Centre: proper motions and anisotropy
journal, September 2000
- Genzel, R.; Pichon, C.; Eckart, A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 317, Issue 2
Effective one-body approach to general relativistic two-body dynamics
journal, March 1999
- Buonanno, A.; Damour, T.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 59, Issue 8
Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report
journal, July 2019
- Cardoso, Vitor; Pani, Paolo
- Living Reviews in Relativity, Vol. 22, Issue 1
BlackHoleCam: Fundamental physics of the galactic center
journal, February 2017
- Goddi, C.; Falcke, H.; Kramer, M.
- International Journal of Modern Physics D, Vol. 26, Issue 02
Linking Tests of Gravity on all Scales: from the Strong-Field Regime to Cosmology
journal, March 2015
- Baker, Tessa; Psaltis, Dimitrios; Skordis, Constantinos
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 802, Issue 1
ALMA Observations of the Terahertz Spectrum of Sagittarius A*
journal, August 2019
- Bower, Geoffrey C.; Dexter, Jason; Asada, Keiichi
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1
RADIO AND MILLIMETER MONITORING OF $\mathrm{Sgr}$ A ⋆ : SPECTRUM, VARIABILITY, AND CONSTRAINTS ON THE G2 ENCOUNTER
journal, March 2015
- Bower, Geoffrey C.; Markoff, Sera; Dexter, Jason
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 802, Issue 1
Constraints on black-hole charges with the 2017 EHT observations of M87*
journal, May 2021
- Kocherlakota, Prashant; Rezzolla, Luciano; Falcke, Heino
- Physical Review D, Vol. 103, Issue 10
An 8 h characteristic time-scale in submillimetre light curves of Sagittarius A*
journal, June 2014
- Dexter, Jason; Kelly, Brandon; Bower, Geoffrey C.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 442, Issue 3
Rapid X-ray flaring from the direction of the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Centre
journal, September 2001
- Baganoff, F. K.; Bautz, M. W.; Brandt, W. N.
- Nature, Vol. 413, Issue 6851
Detection of faint stars near Sagittarius A* with GRAVITY
journal, January 2021
- Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Bauböck, M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 645
A QUANTITATIVE TEST OF THE NO-HAIR THEOREM WITH Sgr A* USING STARS, PULSARS, AND THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE
journal, February 2016
- Psaltis, Dimitrios; Wex, Norbert; Kramer, Michael
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 818, Issue 2
A Detection of Sgr A* in the Far Infrared
journal, July 2018
- von Fellenberg, Sebastiano D.; Gillessen, Stefan; Graciá-Carpio, Javier
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 862, Issue 2
An Event Horizon Imager (EHI) Mission Concept Utilizing Medium Earth Orbit Sub-mm Interferometry*
journal, March 2021
- Kudriashov, V.; Martin-Neira, M.; Roelofs, F.
- Chinese Journal of Space Science, Vol. 41, Issue 02
General relativistic radiative transfer: formulation and emission from structured tori around black holes
journal, August 2012
- Younsi, Z.; Wu, K.; Fuerst, S. V.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 545
Gravitational Field of a Spinning Mass as an Example of Algebraically Special Metrics
journal, September 1963
- Kerr, Roy P.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 5
Relativistic redshift of the star S0-2 orbiting the Galactic Center supermassive black hole
journal, August 2019
- Do, Tuan; Hees, Aurelien; Ghez, Andrea
- Science, Vol. 365, Issue 6454
Jets in magnetically arrested hot accretion flows: geometry, power, and black hole spin-down
journal, February 2022
- Narayan, Ramesh; Chael, Andrew; Chatterjee, Koushik
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 511, Issue 3
A Constant Spectral Index for Sagittarius A* during Infrared/X‐Ray Intensity Variations
journal, October 2007
- Hornstein, S. D.; Matthews, K.; Ghez, A. M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 667, Issue 2
Equilibrium configurations from gravitational collapse
journal, November 2011
- Joshi, Pankaj S.; Malafarina, Daniele; Narayan, Ramesh
- Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 28, Issue 23
hero – A 3D general relativistic radiative post-processor for accretion discs around black holes
journal, June 2015
- Zhu, Yucong; Narayan, Ramesh; Sadowski, Aleksander
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 451, Issue 2
General relativistic magnetohydrodynamical simulations of the jet in M 87
journal, January 2016
- Mościbrodzka, Monika; Falcke, Heino; Shiokawa, Hotaka
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 586
Tests of general relativity with binary black holes from the second LIGO-Virgo gravitational-wave transient catalog
journal, June 2021
- Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Abraham, S.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 103, Issue 12
Adaptive Optics Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy of the Sagittarius A* Cluster
journal, September 2002
- Gezari, S.; Ghez, A. M.; Becklin, E. E.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 576, Issue 2
The black hole accretion code
journal, May 2017
- Porth, Oliver; Olivares, Hector; Mizuno, Yosuke
- Computational Astrophysics and Cosmology, Vol. 4, Issue 1
The flux distribution of Sgr A*
journal, May 2020
- Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Bauböck, M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 638
Black holes and membranes in higher-dimensional theories with dilaton fields
journal, March 1988
- Gibbons, G. W.; Maeda, Kei-ichi
- Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 298, Issue 4
Test-particle dynamics in general spherically symmetric black hole spacetimes
journal, May 2018
- De Laurentis, Mariafelicia; Younsi, Ziri; Porth, Oliver
- Physical Review D, Vol. 97, Issue 10
Near-infrared flares from accreting gas around the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Centre
journal, October 2003
- Genzel, R.; Schödel, R.; Ott, T.
- Nature, Vol. 425, Issue 6961
Advection‐dominated Accretion Model of Sagittarius A*: Evidence for a Black Hole at the Galactic Center
journal, January 1998
- Narayan, Ramesh; Mahadevan, Rohan; Grindlay, Jonathan E.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 492, Issue 2
Advection-dominated Accretion and Black Hole Event Horizons
journal, April 1997
- Narayan, Ramesh; Garcia, Michael R.; McClintock, Jeffrey E.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 478, Issue 2
Formation and Evaporation of Nonsingular Black Holes
journal, January 2006
- Hayward, Sean A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 3
First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Testing Astrophysical Models of the Galactic Center Black Hole
journal, May 2022
- Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter
- The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 930, Issue 2
Axisymmetric Black Hole Has Only Two Degrees of Freedom
journal, February 1971
- Carter, B.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 26, Issue 6
First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. EHT and Multiwavelength Observations, Data Processing, and Calibration
journal, May 2022
- Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter
- The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 930, Issue 2
The Nature of the 10 kilosecond X-ray flare in Sgr A*
journal, November 2001
- Markoff, S.; Falcke, H.; Yuan, F.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 379, Issue 1
Echoes of multiple outbursts of Sagittarius A ⋆ revealed by Chandra
journal, September 2013
- Clavel, M.; Terrier, R.; Goldwurm, A.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 558
Tests of General Relativity with GW150914
journal, May 2016
- Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 22
The Compact source at the Galactic Center
conference, January 1982
- Rees, Martin J.
- AIP Conference Proceedings Vol 83
Exact theory for the Rezzolla-Zhidenko metric and self-consistent calculation of quasinormal modes
journal, February 2021
- Suvorov, Arthur G.; Völkel, Sebastian H.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 103, Issue 4
Notes on nonsingular models of black holes
journal, November 2016
- Frolov, Valeri P.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 94, Issue 10
On the Nature of the Compact Dark Mass at the Galactic Center
journal, January 2006
- Broderick, Avery E.; Narayan, Ramesh
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 638, Issue 1
Trigonometric Parallaxes of High-mass Star-forming Regions: Our View of the Milky Way
journal, November 2019
- Reid, M. J.; Menten, K. M.; Brunthaler, A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 2
Event Horizons in Static Vacuum Space-Times
journal, December 1967
- Israel, Werner
- Physical Review, Vol. 164, Issue 5
Simultaneous Multiwavelength Observations of Sagittarius A*
journal, November 2005
- An, T.; Goss, W. M.; Zhao, Jun-Hui
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 634, Issue 1
Reality of the Schwarzschild Singularity
journal, April 1968
- Janis, Allen I.; Newman, Ezra T.; Winicour, Jeffrey
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 20, Issue 16
On the Lack of Thermal Emission from the Quiescent Black Hole XTE J1118+480: Evidence for the Event Horizon
journal, November 2004
- McClintock, Jeffrey E.; Narayan, Ramesh; Rybicki, George B.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 615, Issue 1
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring
journal, April 2019
- Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1
A Near-Infrared Variability Study of the Galactic Black Hole: a red Noise Source with no Detected Periodicity
journal, January 2009
- Do, T.; Ghez, A. M.; Morris, M. R.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 691, Issue 2
Hot Accretion Flows Around Black Holes
journal, August 2014
- Yuan, Feng; Narayan, Ramesh
- Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 52, Issue 1
New Evidence for Black Hole Event Horizons from [ITAL]Chandra[/ITAL]
journal, May 2001
- Garcia, Michael R.; McClintock, Jeffrey E.; Narayan, Ramesh
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 553, Issue 1
Stellar Orbits around the Galactic Center Black Hole
journal, February 2005
- Ghez, A. M.; Salim, S.; Hornstein, S. D.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 620, Issue 2
The Black hole mass in m87 from Gemini/Nifs Adaptive Optics Observations
journal, February 2011
- Gebhardt, Karl; Adams, Joshua; Richstone, Douglas
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 729, Issue 2
Über die Eigengravitation des elektrischen Feldes nach der Einsteinschen Theorie
journal, January 1916
- Reissner, H.
- Annalen der Physik, Vol. 355, Issue 9
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole
journal, April 2019
- Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1
Rotating charged black hole solution in heterotic string theory
journal, August 1992
- Sen, Ashoke
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 69, Issue 7
Trigonometric Parallaxes of high mass star Forming Regions: the Structure and Kinematics of the Milky way
journal, February 2014
- Reid, M. J.; Menten, K. M.; Brunthaler, A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 783, Issue 2
Photon spheres and spherical accretion image of a hairy black hole
journal, July 2021
- Gan, Qingyu; Wang, Peng; Wu, Houwen
- Physical Review D, Vol. 104, Issue 2
No observational proof of the black-hole event-horizon
journal, December 2002
- Abramowicz, M. A.; Kluźniak, W.; Lasota, J. -P.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 396, Issue 3
A GENERAL RELATIVISTIC NULL HYPOTHESIS TEST WITH EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE BLACK HOLE SHADOW IN Sgr A*
journal, November 2015
- Psaltis, Dimitrios; Özel, Feryal; Chan, Chi-Kwan
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 814, Issue 2
THE X-RAY FLUX DISTRIBUTION OF SAGITTARIUS A* AS SEEN BY CHANDRA
journal, January 2015
- Neilsen, J.; Markoff, S.; Nowak, M. A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 799, Issue 2
Echoes from the abyss: Tentative evidence for Planck-scale structure at black hole horizons
journal, October 2017
- Abedi, Jahed; Dykaar, Hannah; Afshordi, Niayesh
- Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 8
Using space-VLBI to probe gravity around Sgr A *
journal, May 2021
- Fromm, C. M.; Mizuno, Y.; Younsi, Z.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 649
ipole – semi-analytic scheme for relativistic polarized radiative transport
journal, December 2017
- Mościbrodzka, M.; Gammie, C. F.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 475, Issue 1
New General Relativistic Contribution to Mercury’s Perihelion Advance
journal, May 2018
- Will, Clifford M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 19
General relativistic MHD simulations of non-thermal flaring in Sagittarius A*
journal, September 2021
- Chatterjee, K.; Markoff, S.; Neilsen, J.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 507, Issue 4
Nonspherical Perturbations of Relativistic Gravitational Collapse. I. Scalar and Gravitational Perturbations
journal, May 1972
- Price, Richard H.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 5, Issue 10
Observable properties of orbits in exact bumpy spacetimes
journal, January 2008
- Gair, Jonathan R.; Li, Chao; Mandel, Ilya
- Physical Review D, Vol. 77, Issue 2
The Shortest-Known–Period Star Orbiting Our Galaxy’s Supermassive Black Hole
journal, October 2012
- Meyer, L.; Ghez, A. M.; Schödel, R.
- Science, Vol. 338, Issue 6103
The Galactic Center: An Improved Astrometric Reference Frame for Stellar Orbits around the Supermassive Black Hole
journal, March 2019
- Sakai, Shoko; Lu, Jessica R.; Ghez, Andrea
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 1
High Proper‐Motion Stars in the Vicinity of Sagittarius A*: Evidence for a Supermassive Black Hole at the Center of Our Galaxy
journal, December 1998
- Ghez, A. M.; Klein, B. L.; Morris, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 509, Issue 2
Polarimetry of near-infrared flares from Sagittarius A*
journal, July 2006
- Eckart, A.; Schödel, R.; Meyer, L.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 455, Issue 1
The Stellar Cusp around the Supermassive Black Hole in the Galactic Center
journal, September 2003
- Genzel, R.; Schodel, R.; Ott, T.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 594, Issue 2
Perturbed Kerr Black Holes Can Probe Deviations from General Relativity
journal, August 2008
- Barausse, Enrico; Sotiriou, Thomas P.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 9
First simultaneous NIR/X-ray detection of a flare from Sgr A*
journal, October 2004
- Eckart, A.; Baganoff, F. K.; Morris, M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 427, Issue 1
The role of electron heating physics in images and variability of the Galactic Centre black hole Sagittarius A*
journal, June 2018
- Chael, Andrew; Rowan, Michael; Narayan, Ramesh
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 478, Issue 4
The Galactic Center massive black hole and nuclear star cluster
journal, December 2010
- Genzel, Reinhard; Eisenhauer, Frank; Gillessen, Stefan
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 4
The Position of Sagittarius A*: Accurate Alignment of the Radio and Infrared Reference Frames at the Galactic Center
journal, February 1997
- Menten, Karl M.; Reid, Mark J.; Eckart, Andreas
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 475, Issue 2
Where are all the gravastars? Limits upon the gravastar model from accreting black holes
journal, January 2007
- Broderick, Avery E.; Narayan, Ramesh
- Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 24, Issue 3
A test of general relativity using radio links with the Cassini spacecraft
journal, September 2003
- Bertotti, B.; Iess, L.; Tortora, P.
- Nature, Vol. 425, Issue 6956
The accelerations of stars orbiting the Milky Way's central black hole
journal, September 2000
- Ghez, A. M.; Morris, M.; Becklin, E. E.
- Nature, Vol. 407, Issue 6802
Monitoring Stellar Orbits Around the Massive Black hole in the Galactic Center
journal, February 2009
- Gillessen, S.; Eisenhauer, F.; Trippe, S.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 692, Issue 2
Metric of a Rotating, Charged Mass
journal, June 1965
- Newman, E. T.; Couch, E.; Chinnapared, K.
- Journal of Mathematical Physics, Vol. 6, Issue 6
Effect of CO 2 on the buoyancy of geothermal fluids
journal, January 1979
- Straus, Joe M.; Schubert, Gerald
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Observing the Inner Shadow of a Black Hole: A Direct View of the Event Horizon
journal, August 2021
- Chael, Andrew; Johnson, Michael D.; Lupsasca, Alexandru
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 918, Issue 1
Class of Stationary Axisymmetric Solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion Field Equations
journal, February 1995
- García, Alberto; Galtsov, Dmitri; Kechkin, Oleg
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 74, Issue 8
ALMA and VLA measurements of frequency-dependent time lags in Sagittarius A*: evidence for a relativistic outflow
journal, March 2015
- Brinkerink, Christiaan D.; Falcke, Heino; Law, Casey J.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 576
Flares in the Galactic Centre – I. Orbiting flux tubes in magnetically arrested black hole accretion discs
journal, January 2021
- Porth, O.; Mizuno, Y.; Younsi, Z.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 502, Issue 2
Frequency-domain gravitational waves from nonprecessing black-hole binaries. II. A phenomenological model for the advanced detector era
journal, February 2016
- Khan, Sebastian; Husa, Sascha; Hannam, Mark
- Physical Review D, Vol. 93, Issue 4
The Simultaneous Spectrum of Sagittarius A* from 20 Centimeters to 1 Millimeter and the Nature of the Millimeter Excess
journal, June 1998
- Falcke, Heino; Goss, W. M.; Matsuo, Hiroshi
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 499, Issue 2
How to tell a gravastar from a black hole
journal, July 2007
- Chirenti, Cecilia B. M. H.; Rezzolla, Luciano
- Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 24, Issue 16
Wormholes, Time Machines, and the Weak Energy Condition
journal, September 1988
- Morris, Michael S.; Thorne, Kip S.; Yurtsever, Ulvi
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 61, Issue 13
Imaging black holes and jets with a VLBI array including multiple space-based telescopes
journal, January 2020
- Fish, Vincent L.; Shea, Maura; Akiyama, Kazunori
- Advances in Space Research, Vol. 65, Issue 2
Universality of free fall from the orbital motion of a pulsar in a stellar triple system
journal, July 2018
- Archibald, Anne M.; Gusinskaia, Nina V.; Hessels, Jason W. T.
- Nature, Vol. 559, Issue 7712
Seeking observational evidence for the formation of trapping horizons in astrophysical black holes
journal, June 2018
- Carballo-Rubio, Raúl; Kumar, Pawan; Lu, Wenbin
- Physical Review D, Vol. 97, Issue 12
The m87 Black hole mass from Gas-Dynamical Models of Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Observations
journal, May 2013
- Walsh, Jonelle L.; Barth, Aaron J.; Ho, Luis C.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 770, Issue 2
Black hole shadows, photon rings, and lensing rings
journal, July 2019
- Gralla, Samuel E.; Holz, Daniel E.; Wald, Robert M.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 2
Nonspherical Perturbations of Relativistic Gravitational Collapse. II. Integer-Spin, Zero-Rest-Mass Fields
journal, May 1972
- Price, Richard H.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 5, Issue 10
Gravitational-wave versus x-ray tests of strong-field gravity
journal, June 2020
- Cárdenas-Avendaño, Alejandro; Nampalliwar, Sourabh; Yunes, Nicolás
- Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 37, Issue 13
Jerusalem lectures on black holes and quantum information
journal, February 2016
- Harlow, D.
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 88, Issue 1
Gravitational waves from the inspiral of a compact object into a massive, axisymmetric body with arbitrary multipole moments
journal, November 1995
- Ryan, Fintan D.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 52, Issue 10
rPICARD: A CASA-based calibration pipeline for VLBI data: Calibration and imaging of 7 mm VLBA observations of the AGN jet in M 87
journal, June 2019
- Janssen, M.; Goddi, C.; van Bemmel, I. M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 626
Submillimeter and radio variability of Sagittarius A*: A statistical analysis⋆
journal, May 2017
- Subroweit, M.; García-Marín, M.; Eckart, A.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 601
Explaining the spectrum of Sagittarius A* with a model of an accreting black hole
journal, April 1995
- Narayan, Ramesh; Yi, Insu; Mahadevan, Rohan
- Nature, Vol. 374, Issue 6523
Nonthermal Electrons in Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flow Models of Sagittarius A*
journal, November 2003
- Yuan, Feng; Quataert, Eliot; Narayan, Ramesh
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 598, Issue 1
Use of MESSENGER radioscience data to improve planetary ephemeris and to test general relativity
journal, January 2014
- Verma, A. K.; Fienga, A.; Laskar, J.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 561
Accurate mapping of spherically symmetric black holes in a parametrized framework
journal, September 2020
- Kocherlakota, Prashant; Rezzolla, Luciano
- Physical Review D, Vol. 102, Issue 6
SINFONI in the Galactic Center: Young Stars and Infrared Flares in the Central Light‐Month
journal, July 2005
- Eisenhauer, F.; Genzel, R.; Alexander, T.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 628, Issue 1
The Galactic Center: Improved Relative Astrometry for Velocities, Accelerations, and Orbits near the Supermassive Black Hole
journal, February 2019
- Jia, Siyao; Lu, Jessica R.; Sakai, S.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 1
Wormholes in spacetime and their use for interstellar travel: A tool for teaching general relativity
journal, May 1988
- Morris, Michael S.; Thorne, Kip S.
- American Journal of Physics, Vol. 56, Issue 5
DISCOVERY OF A SUPERLUMINAL Fe K ECHO AT THE GALACTIC CENTER: THE GLORIOUS PAST OF Sgr A* PRESERVED BY MOLECULAR CLOUDS
journal, April 2010
- Ponti, G.; Terrier, R.; Goldwurm, A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 714, Issue 1
Black holes in general relativity
journal, June 1972
- Hawking, S. W.
- Communications in Mathematical Physics, Vol. 25, Issue 2
On the prospects of imaging Sagittarius A* from space
journal, May 2018
- Roelofs, Freek; Falcke, Heino; Brinkerink, Christiaan
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, Vol. 14, Issue S342
On the Nature of the Variable Infrared Emission from Sagittarius A*
journal, May 2004
- Yuan, Feng; Quataert, Eliot; Narayan, Ramesh
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 606, Issue 2
Charged black holes in string theory
journal, May 1991
- Garfinkle, David; Horowitz, Gary T.; Strominger, Andrew
- Physical Review D, Vol. 43, Issue 10
THE TWO STATES OF Sgr A* IN THE NEAR-INFRARED: BRIGHT EPISODIC FLARES ON TOP OF LOW-LEVEL CONTINUOUS VARIABILITY
journal, January 2011
- Dodds-Eden, K.; Gillessen, S.; Fritz, T. K.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 728, Issue 1
iharm3D: Vectorized General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics
journal, October 2021
- Prather, Ben; Wong, George; Dhruv, Vedant
- Journal of Open Source Software, Vol. 6, Issue 66
A Plasmoid model for the Sgr A* Flares Observed With Gravity and CHANDRA
journal, August 2021
- Ball, David; Özel, Feryal; Christian, Pierre
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 917, Issue 1
Pinpointing the near-infrared location of Sgr A* by correcting optical distortion in the NACO imager
journal, September 2015
- Plewa, P. M.; Gillessen, S.; Eisenhauer, F.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 453, Issue 3
Gravitational Test beyond the First Post-Newtonian Order with the Shadow of the M87 Black Hole
journal, October 2020
- Psaltis, Dimitrios; Medeiros, Lia; Christian, Pierre
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 125, Issue 14
Transition from inspiral to plunge in binary black hole coalescences
journal, August 2000
- Buonanno, Alessandra; Damour, Thibault
- Physical Review D, Vol. 62, Issue 6
An Update on Monitoring Stellar Orbits in the Galactic Center
journal, February 2017
- Gillessen, S.; Plewa, P. M.; Eisenhauer, F.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 837, Issue 1
An X‐Ray, Infrared, and Submillimeter Flare of Sagittarius A*
journal, July 2008
- Marrone, D. P.; Baganoff, F. K.; Morris, M. R.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 682, Issue 1
The mean infrared emission of Sagittarius A*
journal, July 2011
- Schödel, R.; Morris, M. R.; Muzic, K.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 532
Viewing the Shadow of the Black Hole at the Galactic Center
journal, January 2000
- Falcke, Heino; Melia, Fulvio; Agol, Eric
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 528, Issue 1
Ab Initio Horizon-scale Simulations of Magnetically Arrested Accretion in Sagittarius A* Fed by Stellar Winds
journal, June 2020
- Ressler, Sean M.; White, Christopher J.; Quataert, Eliot
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 896, Issue 1
Stellar orbits near Sagittarius A
journal, April 2002
- Eckart, A.; Genzel, R.; Ott, T.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 331, Issue 4
First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Variability, Morphology, and Black Hole Mass
journal, May 2022
- Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter
- The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 930, Issue 2
Strong-Field Gravity Tests with the Double Pulsar
journal, December 2021
- Kramer, M.; Stairs, I. H.; Manchester, R. N.
- Physical Review X, Vol. 11, Issue 4
Galactic center research: manifestations of the central black hole
journal, August 2012
- Morris, Mark R.; Meyer, Leo; Ghez, Andrea M.
- Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 12, Issue 8
CHANDRA /HETGS OBSERVATIONS OF THE BRIGHTEST FLARE SEEN FROM Sgr A*
journal, October 2012
- Nowak, M. A.; Neilsen, J.; Markoff, S. B.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 759, Issue 2
FAR INFRARED VARIABILITY OF SAGITTARIUS A*: 25.5 hr OF MONITORING WITH HERSCHEL
journal, June 2016
- Stone, Jordan M.; Marrone, D. P.; Dowell, C. D.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 825, Issue 1
The Nature of Black Hole Shadows
journal, October 2021
- Bronzwaer, Thomas; Falcke, Heino
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 920, Issue 2
Advection-dominated accretion and the black hole event horizon
journal, May 2008
- Narayan, Ramesh; McClintock, Jeffrey E.
- New Astronomy Reviews, Vol. 51, Issue 10-12
Observing the effects of the event horizon in black holes
journal, July 2003
- Done, C.; Gierlinski, M.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 342, Issue 4
Chandra Spectral and Timing Analysis of Sgr A*'s Brightest X-Ray Flares
journal, November 2019
- Haggard, Daryl; Nynka, Melania; Mon, Brayden
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 2
A CHANDRA /HETGS CENSUS OF X-RAY VARIABILITY FROM Sgr A* DURING 2012
journal, August 2013
- Neilsen, J.; Nowak, M. A.; Gammie, C.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 774, Issue 1
Solar system expansion and strong equivalence principle as seen by the NASA MESSENGER mission
journal, January 2018
- Genova, Antonio; Mazarico, Erwan; Goossens, Sander
- Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Gravity Tests with Radio Pulsars
journal, September 2020
- Wex, Norbert; Kramer, Michael
- Universe, Vol. 6, Issue 9
The Bardeen model as a nonlinear magnetic monopole
journal, November 2000
- Ayón-Beato, Eloy; Garcı́a, Alberto
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 493, Issue 1-2
Detection of the gravitational redshift in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole
journal, July 2018
- Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Anugu, N.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 615
A geometric distance measurement to the Galactic center black hole with 0.3% uncertainty
journal, May 2019
- Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Bauböck, M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 625
SYMBA: An end-to-end VLBI synthetic data generation pipeline: Simulating Event Horizon Telescope observations of M 87
journal, April 2020
- Roelofs, F.; Janssen, M.; Natarajan, I.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 636
Low significance of evidence for black hole echoes in gravitational wave data
journal, June 2018
- Westerweck, Julian; Nielsen, Alex B.; Fischer-Birnholtz, Ofek
- Physical Review D, Vol. 97, Issue 12
Tests of the universality of free fall for strongly self-gravitating bodies with radio pulsars
journal, August 2012
- Freire, Paulo C. C.; Kramer, Michael; Wex, Norbert
- Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 29, Issue 18
Nonperturbative strong-field effects in tensor-scalar theories of gravitation
journal, April 1993
- Damour, Thibault; Esposito-Farèse, Gilles
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 70, Issue 15
Hybrid Thermal‐Nonthermal Synchrotron Emission from Hot Accretion Flows
journal, September 2000
- Ozel, Feryal; Psaltis, Dimitrios; Narayan, Ramesh
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 541, Issue 1
Broad iron line from accretion disks around traversable wormholes
journal, April 2013
- Bambi, Cosimo
- Physical Review D, Vol. 87, Issue 8
Distinguishing black holes from naked singularities through their accretion disc properties
journal, November 2013
- Joshi, Pankaj S.; Malafarina, Daniele; Narayan, Ramesh
- Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 31, Issue 1
Stellar disruption events support the existence of the black hole event horizon
journal, March 2017
- Lu, Wenbin; Kumar, Pawan; Narayan, Ramesh
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 468, Issue 1
Trigonometric Parallaxes of Massive Star-Forming Regions. vi. Galactic Structure, Fundamental Parameters, and Noncircular Motions
journal, June 2009
- Reid, M. J.; Menten, K. M.; Zheng, X. W.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 700, Issue 1
EVIDENCE FOR X-RAY SYNCHROTRON EMISSION FROM SIMULTANEOUS MID-INFRARED TO X-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF A STRONG Sgr A* FLARE
journal, May 2009
- Dodds-Eden, K.; Porquet, D.; Trap, G.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 698, Issue 1
FERMI BUBBLES INFLATED BY WINDS LAUNCHED FROM THE HOT ACCRETION FLOW IN SGR A*
journal, July 2014
- Mou, Guobin; Yuan, Feng; Bu, Defu
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 790, Issue 2
An Improved Distance and mass Estimate for sgr a* from a Multistar Orbit Analysis
journal, October 2016
- Boehle, A.; Ghez, A. M.; Schödel, R.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 830, Issue 1
10--30 Micron Maps of the Central 5 Parsecs of the Galaxy: Heating of the Cavity and Neutral Gas Disk
journal, January 1996
- Telesco, C. M.; Davidson, J. A.; Werner, M. W.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 456
Sagittarius ${\rm{A}}* $ High-energy X-Ray Flare Properties during NuStar Monitoring of the Galactic Center from 2012 to 2015
journal, July 2017
- Zhang, Shuo; Baganoff, Frederick K.; Ponti, Gabriele
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 843, Issue 2
Stellar Dynamics in the Central Arcsecond of Our Galaxy
journal, October 2003
- Schodel, R.; Ott, T.; Genzel, R.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 596, Issue 2
The Variability of Sagittarius A* at Centimeter Wavelengths
journal, June 2004
- Herrnstein, Robeson M.; Zhao, Jun-Hui; Bower, Geoffrey C.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 127, Issue 6
Plasmoid formation in global GRMHD simulations and AGN flares
journal, May 2020
- Nathanail, Antonios; Fromm, Christian M.; Porth, Oliver
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 495, Issue 2
The Event Horizon of m87
journal, June 2015
- Broderick, Avery E.; Narayan, Ramesh; Kormendy, John
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 805, Issue 2
Investigating the Binarity of S0-2: Implications for Its Origins and Robustness as a Probe of the Laws of Gravity around a Supermassive Black Hole
journal, February 2018
- Chu, Devin S.; Do, Tuan; Hees, Aurelien
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 854, Issue 1
Linearly polarized millimeter and submillimeter continuum emission of Sgr A* constrained by ALMA
journal, September 2016
- Liu, Hauyu Baobab; Wright, Melvyn C. H.; Zhao, Jun-Hui
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 593
Probing beyond-Kerr spacetimes with inspiral-ringdown corrections to gravitational waves
journal, April 2020
- Carson, Zack; Yagi, Kent
- Physical Review D, Vol. 101, Issue 8
Regular black hole metric with three constants of motion
journal, August 2013
- Johannsen, Tim
- Physical Review D, Vol. 88, Issue 4
Geometric modeling of M87* as a Kerr black hole or a non-Kerr compact object
journal, February 2021
- Vincent, F. H.; Wielgus, M.; Abramowicz, M. A.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 646
Regular Black Hole in General Relativity Coupled to Nonlinear Electrodynamics
journal, June 1998
- Ayón-Beato, Eloy; García, Alberto
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 80, Issue 23