Tundra Underlain By Thawing Permafrost Persistently Emits Carbon to the Atmosphere Over 15 Years of Measurements
Abstract
Warming of the Arctic can stimulate microbial decomposition and release of permafrost soil carbon (C) as greenhouse gases, and thus has the potential to influence climate change. At the same time, plant growth can be stimulated and offset C release. This study presents a 15-year time series comprising chamber and eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem C exchange in a tundra ecosystem in Alaska where permafrost has been degrading due to regional warming. The site was a carbon dioxide source to the atmosphere with a cumulative total loss of 781.6 g C m-2 over the study period. Both gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) were already likely higher than historical levels such that increases in Reco losses overwhelmed GPP gains in most years. This shift to a net C source to the atmosphere likely started in the early 1990s when permafrost was observed to warm and thaw at the site. Shifts in the plant community occur more slowly and are likely to constrain future GPP increases as compared to more rapid shifts in the microbial community that contribute to increased Reco. Observed rates suggest that cumulative net soil C loss of 4.18–10.00 kg C m-2—8%–20% of the currentmore »
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- Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States). Dept. of Biological Sciences. Center for Ecosystem Science and Society
- Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States). School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences
- Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States). School of Natural Resources and Environment
- Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States). Dept. of Biological Sciences. Center for Ecosystem Science and Society; University of Texas, El Paso, TX (United States)
- Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States). Dept. of Biological Sciences. Center for Ecosystem Science and Society; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles (Spain). Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología. Física y Química Inorgánic. Departamento de Biología y Geología; Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid (Spain)
- Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK (United States)
- Denali National Park and Preserve, Denali Park, AK (United States)
- Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States). Dept. of Biological Sciences. Center for Ecosystem Science and Society; Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States); Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1850977
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0006982; SC0014085; SC0020227; 1754839
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 126; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-8953
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; 58 GEOSCIENCES; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
Citation Formats
Schuur, Edward A. G., Bracho, Rosvel, Celis, Gerardo, Belshe, E. Fay, Ebert, Chris, Ledman, Justin, Mauritz, Marguerite, Pegoraro, Elaine F., Plaza, César, Rodenhizer, Heidi, Romanovsky, Vladimir, Schädel, Christina, Schirokauer, David, Taylor, Meghan, Vogel, Jason G., and Webb, Elizabeth E. Tundra Underlain By Thawing Permafrost Persistently Emits Carbon to the Atmosphere Over 15 Years of Measurements. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1029/2020jg006044.
Schuur, Edward A. G., Bracho, Rosvel, Celis, Gerardo, Belshe, E. Fay, Ebert, Chris, Ledman, Justin, Mauritz, Marguerite, Pegoraro, Elaine F., Plaza, César, Rodenhizer, Heidi, Romanovsky, Vladimir, Schädel, Christina, Schirokauer, David, Taylor, Meghan, Vogel, Jason G., & Webb, Elizabeth E. Tundra Underlain By Thawing Permafrost Persistently Emits Carbon to the Atmosphere Over 15 Years of Measurements. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jg006044
Schuur, Edward A. G., Bracho, Rosvel, Celis, Gerardo, Belshe, E. Fay, Ebert, Chris, Ledman, Justin, Mauritz, Marguerite, Pegoraro, Elaine F., Plaza, César, Rodenhizer, Heidi, Romanovsky, Vladimir, Schädel, Christina, Schirokauer, David, Taylor, Meghan, Vogel, Jason G., and Webb, Elizabeth E. Tue .
"Tundra Underlain By Thawing Permafrost Persistently Emits Carbon to the Atmosphere Over 15 Years of Measurements". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jg006044. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1850977.
@article{osti_1850977,
title = {Tundra Underlain By Thawing Permafrost Persistently Emits Carbon to the Atmosphere Over 15 Years of Measurements},
author = {Schuur, Edward A. G. and Bracho, Rosvel and Celis, Gerardo and Belshe, E. Fay and Ebert, Chris and Ledman, Justin and Mauritz, Marguerite and Pegoraro, Elaine F. and Plaza, César and Rodenhizer, Heidi and Romanovsky, Vladimir and Schädel, Christina and Schirokauer, David and Taylor, Meghan and Vogel, Jason G. and Webb, Elizabeth E.},
abstractNote = {Warming of the Arctic can stimulate microbial decomposition and release of permafrost soil carbon (C) as greenhouse gases, and thus has the potential to influence climate change. At the same time, plant growth can be stimulated and offset C release. This study presents a 15-year time series comprising chamber and eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem C exchange in a tundra ecosystem in Alaska where permafrost has been degrading due to regional warming. The site was a carbon dioxide source to the atmosphere with a cumulative total loss of 781.6 g C m-2 over the study period. Both gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) were already likely higher than historical levels such that increases in Reco losses overwhelmed GPP gains in most years. This shift to a net C source to the atmosphere likely started in the early 1990s when permafrost was observed to warm and thaw at the site. Shifts in the plant community occur more slowly and are likely to constrain future GPP increases as compared to more rapid shifts in the microbial community that contribute to increased Reco. Observed rates suggest that cumulative net soil C loss of 4.18–10.00 kg C m-2—8%–20% of the current active layer soil C pool—could occur from 2020 to the end of the century. This amount of permafrost C loss to the atmosphere represents a significant accelerating feedback to climate change if it were to occur at a similar magnitude across the permafrost region.},
doi = {10.1029/2020jg006044},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences},
number = 6,
volume = 126,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Mar 30 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Tue Mar 30 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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