From the black hole conundrum to the structure of quantum gravity

Nomura, Yasunori

doi:10.1142/s021773232130007x

Title: From the black hole conundrum to the structure of quantum gravity

Abstract

Here, we portray the structure of quantum gravity emerging from recent progress in understanding the quantum mechanics of an evaporating black hole. Quantum gravity admits two different descriptions, based on Euclidean gravitational path integral and a unitarily evolving holographic quantum system, which appear to present vastly different pictures under the existence of a black hole. Nevertheless, these two descriptions are physically equivalent. Various issues of black hole physics — including the existence of the interior, unitarity of the evolution, the puzzle of too large interior volume, and the ensemble nature seen in certain calculations — are addressed very differently in the two descriptions, still leading to the same physical conclusions. The perspective of quantum gravity developed here is expected to have broader implications beyond black hole physics, especially for the cosmology of the eternally inflating multiverse.

Authors:

Nomura, Yasunori ^[1]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)

Publication Date:: Wed Jan 27 00:00:00 EST 2021

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1836669

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0019380

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Modern Physics Letters A

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 36; Journal Issue: 08; Journal ID: ISSN 0217-7323

Publisher:: World Scientific Publishing

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; quantum gravity; black holes; information problem

Citation Formats


                    Nomura, Yasunori. From the black hole conundrum to the structure of quantum gravity.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1142/s021773232130007x.

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                    Nomura, Yasunori. From the black hole conundrum to the structure of quantum gravity.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1142/s021773232130007x

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                    Nomura, Yasunori. Wed .  
"From the black hole conundrum to the structure of quantum gravity".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1142/s021773232130007x.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1836669.

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@article{osti_1836669,

  title        = {From the black hole conundrum to the structure of quantum gravity},

  author       = {Nomura, Yasunori},

  abstractNote = {Here, we portray the structure of quantum gravity emerging from recent progress in understanding the quantum mechanics of an evaporating black hole. Quantum gravity admits two different descriptions, based on Euclidean gravitational path integral and a unitarily evolving holographic quantum system, which appear to present vastly different pictures under the existence of a black hole. Nevertheless, these two descriptions are physically equivalent. Various issues of black hole physics — including the existence of the interior, unitarity of the evolution, the puzzle of too large interior volume, and the ensemble nature seen in certain calculations — are addressed very differently in the two descriptions, still leading to the same physical conclusions. The perspective of quantum gravity developed here is expected to have broader implications beyond black hole physics, especially for the cosmology of the eternally inflating multiverse.},

  doi          = {10.1142/s021773232130007x},

  journal      = {Modern Physics Letters A},

  number       = 08,

  volume       = 36,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Jan 27 00:00:00 EST 2021},

  month        = {Wed Jan 27 00:00:00 EST 2021}

}

Copy to clipboard

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Entanglement islands in higher dimensions
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Title: From the black hole conundrum to the structure of quantum gravity

Abstract

Citation Formats

Information in black hole radiation journal, December 1993

Quantum extremal surfaces: holographic entanglement entropy beyond the classical regime journal, January 2015

Violations of the Equivalence Principle by a Nonlocally Reconstructed Vacuum at the Black Hole Horizon journal, January 2014

Black holes as mirrors: quantum information in random subsystems journal, September 2007

Objective Properties from Subjective Quantum States: Environment as a Witness journal, November 2004

Eternal black holes in anti-de Sitter journal, April 2003

Islands in Schwarzschild black holes journal, June 2020

Black Hole Interior in Quantum Gravity journal, May 2015

Volume inside old black holes journal, November 2016

An apologia for firewalls journal, September 2013

Eigenstate Thermalization and Disorder Averaging in Gravity journal, July 2020

Coarse-graining holographic states: A semiclassical flow in general spacetimes journal, October 2020

Symmetries and strings in field theory and gravity journal, April 2011

Breakdown of predictability in gravitational collapse journal, November 1976

An infalling observer in AdS/CFT journal, October 2013

Fast scramblers journal, October 2008

Remarks on the necessity and implications of state-dependence in the black hole interior journal, April 2016

Violations of the Born rule in cool state-dependent horizons journal, January 2016

Information radiation in BCFT models of black holes journal, May 2020

A covariant holographic entanglement entropy proposal journal, July 2007

Physical theories, eternal inflation, and the quantum universe journal, November 2011

Spacetime and universal soft modes: Black holes and beyond journal, March 2020

Entanglement islands in higher dimensions journal, January 2020

Quantum Mechanics, Spacetime Locality, and Gravity journal, July 2013

Hawking radiation, the Stefan–Boltzmann law, and unitarization journal, March 2016

A note on (no) firewalls: the entropy argument journal, July 2013

Islands and Page curves for evaporating black holes in JT gravity journal, August 2020

Local Operators in the Eternal Black Hole journal, November 2015

Gauge-Gravity Duality and the Black Hole Interior journal, October 2013

Black hole information, unitarity, and nonlocality journal, November 2006

A bound on chaos journal, August 2016

Interior of a unitarily evaporating black hole journal, July 2020

A single quantum cannot be cloned journal, October 1982

The stretched horizon and black hole complementarity journal, October 1993

The world as a hologram journal, November 1995

The black hole interpretation of string theory journal, April 1990

Black holes: complementarity or firewalls? journal, February 2013

Cool horizons for entangled black holes journal, August 2013

The Large-N Limit of Superconformal Field Theories and Supergravity journal, January 1999

Ensemble from coarse graining: Reconstructing the interior of an evaporating black hole journal, October 2020

Branches of the black hole wave function need not contain firewalls journal, June 2018

State-dependent bulk-boundary maps and black hole complementarity journal, April 2014

Static quantum multiverse journal, October 2012

Thermo-field dynamics of black holes journal, May 1976

How big is a black hole? journal, March 2015

Page curve for an evaporating black hole journal, May 2020

Qubit transport model for unitary black hole evaporation without firewalls journal, March 2018

Holographic Derivation of Entanglement Entropy from the anti–de Sitter Space/Conformal Field Theory Correspondence journal, May 2006

The holographic principle journal, August 2002

Gedanken experiments involving black holes journal, January 1994

Black hole horizons and complementarity journal, December 1995

Constraints on Symmetries from Holography journal, May 2019

The information paradox: a pedagogical introduction journal, October 2009

Reanalyzing an evaporating black hole journal, April 2019

Gravity and quantum theory: Domains of conflict and contact journal, November 2019

Notes on black-hole evaporation journal, August 1976

Particle creation by black holes journal, August 1975

Black hole entanglement and quantum error correction journal, October 2013

Quantum corrections to holographic entanglement entropy journal, November 2013

Transcending the ensemble: baby universes, spacetime wormholes, and the order and disorder of black hole information journal, August 2020

Information in black hole radiation
journal, December 1993

Quantum extremal surfaces: holographic entanglement entropy beyond the classical regime
journal, January 2015

Violations of the Equivalence Principle by a Nonlocally Reconstructed Vacuum at the Black Hole Horizon
journal, January 2014

Black holes as mirrors: quantum information in random subsystems
journal, September 2007

Objective Properties from Subjective Quantum States: Environment as a Witness
journal, November 2004

Eternal black holes in anti-de Sitter
journal, April 2003

Islands in Schwarzschild black holes
journal, June 2020

Black Hole Interior in Quantum Gravity
journal, May 2015

Volume inside old black holes
journal, November 2016

An apologia for firewalls
journal, September 2013

Eigenstate Thermalization and Disorder Averaging in Gravity
journal, July 2020

Coarse-graining holographic states: A semiclassical flow in general spacetimes
journal, October 2020

Symmetries and strings in field theory and gravity
journal, April 2011

Breakdown of predictability in gravitational collapse
journal, November 1976

An infalling observer in AdS/CFT
journal, October 2013

Fast scramblers
journal, October 2008

Remarks on the necessity and implications of state-dependence in the black hole interior
journal, April 2016

Violations of the Born rule in cool state-dependent horizons
journal, January 2016

Information radiation in BCFT models of black holes
journal, May 2020

A covariant holographic entanglement entropy proposal
journal, July 2007

Physical theories, eternal inflation, and the quantum universe
journal, November 2011

Spacetime and universal soft modes: Black holes and beyond
journal, March 2020

Entanglement islands in higher dimensions
journal, January 2020

Quantum Mechanics, Spacetime Locality, and Gravity
journal, July 2013

Hawking radiation, the Stefan–Boltzmann law, and unitarization
journal, March 2016

A note on (no) firewalls: the entropy argument
journal, July 2013

Islands and Page curves for evaporating black holes in JT gravity
journal, August 2020

Local Operators in the Eternal Black Hole
journal, November 2015

Gauge-Gravity Duality and the Black Hole Interior
journal, October 2013

Black hole information, unitarity, and nonlocality
journal, November 2006

A bound on chaos
journal, August 2016

Interior of a unitarily evaporating black hole
journal, July 2020

A single quantum cannot be cloned
journal, October 1982

The stretched horizon and black hole complementarity
journal, October 1993

The world as a hologram
journal, November 1995

The black hole interpretation of string theory
journal, April 1990

Black holes: complementarity or firewalls?
journal, February 2013

Cool horizons for entangled black holes
journal, August 2013

The Large-N Limit of Superconformal Field Theories and Supergravity
journal, January 1999

Ensemble from coarse graining: Reconstructing the interior of an evaporating black hole
journal, October 2020

Branches of the black hole wave function need not contain firewalls
journal, June 2018

State-dependent bulk-boundary maps and black hole complementarity
journal, April 2014

Static quantum multiverse
journal, October 2012

Thermo-field dynamics of black holes
journal, May 1976

How big is a black hole?
journal, March 2015

Page curve for an evaporating black hole
journal, May 2020

Qubit transport model for unitary black hole evaporation without firewalls
journal, March 2018

Holographic Derivation of Entanglement Entropy from the anti–de Sitter Space/Conformal Field Theory Correspondence
journal, May 2006

The holographic principle
journal, August 2002

Gedanken experiments involving black holes
journal, January 1994

Black hole horizons and complementarity
journal, December 1995

Constraints on Symmetries from Holography
journal, May 2019

The information paradox: a pedagogical introduction
journal, October 2009

Reanalyzing an evaporating black hole
journal, April 2019

Gravity and quantum theory: Domains of conflict and contact
journal, November 2019

Notes on black-hole evaporation
journal, August 1976

Particle creation by black holes
journal, August 1975

Black hole entanglement and quantum error correction
journal, October 2013

Quantum corrections to holographic entanglement entropy
journal, November 2013

Transcending the ensemble: baby universes, spacetime wormholes, and the order and disorder of black hole information
journal, August 2020