Influences of pH and substrate supply on the ratio of iron to sulfate reduction

Paper, Janet M.; Flynn, Theodore M.; Boyanov, Maxim I.; Kemner, Kenneth M.; Haller, Ben R.; Crank, Kathleen; Lower, AnneMarie; Jin, Qusheng; Kirk, Matthew F.

doi:10.1111/gbi.12444

Title: Influences of pH and substrate supply on the ratio of iron to sulfate reduction

Journal Article · Sun May 02 00:00:00 UTC 2021 · Geobiology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12444 · OSTI ID:1826071

Paper, Janet M. ^[1];

^[2];

^[3];

^[4]; Haller, Ben R. ^[5]; Crank, Kathleen ^[6]; Lower, AnneMarie ^[6];

^[7];

^[8]

Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States); Benedictine College, Atchison, KS (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); California Department of Water Resources, Sacramento, CA (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia (Bulgaria)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States); Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka, KS (United States)
Benedictine College, Atchison, KS (United States)
Univ. of Oregon, Eugene, OR (United States)
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States)

Iron reduction and sulfate reduction often occur simultaneously in anoxic systems, and where that is the case, the molar ratio between the reactions (i.e., Fe/SO₄^2- reduced) influences their impact on water quality and carbon storage. Previous research has shown that pH and the supply of electron donors and acceptors affect that ratio, but it is unclear how their influences compare and affect one another. This study examines impacts of pH and the supply of acetate, sulfate, and goethite on the ratio of iron to sulfate reduction in semi-continuous sediment bioreactors. We examined which parameter had the greatest impact on that ratio and whether the parameter influences depended on the state of each other. Results show that pH had a greater influence than acetate supply on the ratio of iron to sulfate reduction, and that the impact of acetate supply on the ratio depended on pH. In acidic reactors (pH 6.0 media), the ratio of iron to sulfate reduction decreased from 3:1 to 2:1 as acetate supply increased (0-1 mM). In alkaline reactors (pH 7.5 media), iron and sulfate were reduced in equal proportions, regardless of acetate supply. Secondly, a comparison of experiments with and without sulfate shows that the extent of iron reduction was greater if sulfate reduction was occurring and that the effect was larger in alkaline reactors than acidic reactors. Thus, the influence of sulfate supply on iron reduction extent also depended on pH and suggests that iron reduction grows more dependent on sulfate reduction as pH increases. Our results compare well to trends in groundwater geochemistry and provide further evidence that pH is a major control on iron and sulfate reduction in systems with crystalline (oxyhydr)oxides. pH not only affects the ratio between the reactions but also the influences of other parameters on that ratio.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Kansas Board of Regents; National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1826071

Journal Information:: Geobiology, Journal Name: Geobiology Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 19; ISSN 1472-4677

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Geobacter
anoxic environments
goethite
iron reduction
sulfate reduction

Title: Influences of pH and substrate supply on the ratio of iron to sulfate reduction

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