DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Review of advances in the development of laccases for the valorization of lignin to enable the production of lignocellulosic biofuels and bioproducts

Abstract

Development and deployment of commercial biorefineries based on conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and bioproducts faces many challenges that must be addressed before they are commercially viable. One of the biggest challenges faced is the efficient and scalable valorization of lignin, one of the three major components of the plant cell wall. Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer on earth, and its presence hinders the extraction of cellulose and hemicellulose that is essential to biochemical conversion of lignocellulose to fuels and chemicals. There has been a significant amount of work over the past 20 years that has sought to develop innovative processes designed to extract and recycle lignin into valuable compounds and help reduce the overall costs of the biorefinery process. Due to the complex matrix of lignin, which is essential for plant survival, the development of a reliable and efficient lignin conversion technology has been difficult to achieve. One approach that has received significant interest relies on the use of enzymes, notably laccases, a class of multi-copper green oxidative enzymes that catalyze bond breaking in lignin to produce smaller oligomers. In this review, we first assess the different innovations of lignin valorization using laccases within the context ofmore » a biorefinery process, and then assess the latest economical advances that these innovations offered. Finally, we review laccase characterization and optimization, as well as the prospects and bottlenecks of this class of enzymes within the industrial and biorefining sectors.« less

Authors:
; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
OSTI Identifier:
1811710
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1897721
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Biotechnology Advances
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Biotechnology Advances Journal Volume: 54 Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0734-9750
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United Kingdom
Language:
English
Subject:
09 BIOMASS FUELS; biofuels; biorefining; lignin valorization; lignin degrading enzymes; enzymatic depolymerization; laccase

Citation Formats

Leynaud Kieffer Curran, Laure M. C., Pham, Le Thanh Mai, Sale, Kenneth L., and Simmons, Blake A. Review of advances in the development of laccases for the valorization of lignin to enable the production of lignocellulosic biofuels and bioproducts. United Kingdom: N. p., 2022. Web. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107809.
Leynaud Kieffer Curran, Laure M. C., Pham, Le Thanh Mai, Sale, Kenneth L., & Simmons, Blake A. Review of advances in the development of laccases for the valorization of lignin to enable the production of lignocellulosic biofuels and bioproducts. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107809
Leynaud Kieffer Curran, Laure M. C., Pham, Le Thanh Mai, Sale, Kenneth L., and Simmons, Blake A. Sat . "Review of advances in the development of laccases for the valorization of lignin to enable the production of lignocellulosic biofuels and bioproducts". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107809.
@article{osti_1811710,
title = {Review of advances in the development of laccases for the valorization of lignin to enable the production of lignocellulosic biofuels and bioproducts},
author = {Leynaud Kieffer Curran, Laure M. C. and Pham, Le Thanh Mai and Sale, Kenneth L. and Simmons, Blake A.},
abstractNote = {Development and deployment of commercial biorefineries based on conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and bioproducts faces many challenges that must be addressed before they are commercially viable. One of the biggest challenges faced is the efficient and scalable valorization of lignin, one of the three major components of the plant cell wall. Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer on earth, and its presence hinders the extraction of cellulose and hemicellulose that is essential to biochemical conversion of lignocellulose to fuels and chemicals. There has been a significant amount of work over the past 20 years that has sought to develop innovative processes designed to extract and recycle lignin into valuable compounds and help reduce the overall costs of the biorefinery process. Due to the complex matrix of lignin, which is essential for plant survival, the development of a reliable and efficient lignin conversion technology has been difficult to achieve. One approach that has received significant interest relies on the use of enzymes, notably laccases, a class of multi-copper green oxidative enzymes that catalyze bond breaking in lignin to produce smaller oligomers. In this review, we first assess the different innovations of lignin valorization using laccases within the context of a biorefinery process, and then assess the latest economical advances that these innovations offered. Finally, we review laccase characterization and optimization, as well as the prospects and bottlenecks of this class of enzymes within the industrial and biorefining sectors.},
doi = {10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107809},
journal = {Biotechnology Advances},
number = C,
volume = 54,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2022},
month = {Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2022}
}

Works referenced in this record:

Rapid characterization of the activities of lignin-modifying enzymes based on nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS)
journal, September 2018


Lignin monomer composition affects Arabidopsis cell-wall degradability after liquid hot water pretreatment
journal, January 2010

  • Li, Xu; Ximenes, Eduardo; Kim, Youngmi
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 3, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-3-27

Laccases to take on the challenge of emerging organic contaminants in wastewater
journal, October 2014

  • Gasser, Christoph A.; Ammann, Erik M.; Shahgaldian, Patrick
  • Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 98, Issue 24
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6177-6

Utility of laccase in pulp and paper industry: A progressive step towards the green technology
journal, August 2019


Engineering Plant Biomass Lignin Content and Composition for Biofuels and Bioproducts
journal, July 2015

  • Welker, Cassie; Balasubramanian, Vimal; Petti, Carloalberto
  • Energies, Vol. 8, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.3390/en8087654

Laccases: Production, Expression Regulation, and Applications in Pharmaceutical Biodegradation
journal, May 2017


Pretreatment for biorefineries: a review of common methods for efficient utilisation of lignocellulosic materials
journal, December 2019


Ethanol production from biomass: technology and commercialization status
journal, June 2001


Molecular determinants of peculiar properties of a Pleurotus ostreatus laccase: Analysis by site-directed mutagenesis
journal, December 2009


A new approach to Cas9-based genome editing in Aspergillus niger that is precise, efficient and selectable
journal, January 2019


Phenols removal in musts: Strategy for wine stabilization by laccase
journal, April 2007

  • Minussi, Rosana C.; Rossi, Massimo; Bologna, Luciano
  • Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, Vol. 45, Issue 3-4
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.12.004

Ligninolytic enzymes and its mechanisms for degradation of lignocellulosic waste in environment
journal, February 2020


Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) facilitate cellulose nanofibrils production
journal, June 2019

  • Moreau, Céline; Tapin-Lingua, Sandra; Grisel, Sacha
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 12, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1501-0

Efficient biomass pretreatment using ionic liquids derived from lignin and hemicellulose
journal, August 2014

  • Socha, A. M.; Parthasarathi, R.; Shi, J.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 35
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1405685111

The good, the bad and the tasty: The many roles of mushrooms
journal, September 2016


Electron transfer and reaction mechanism of laccases
journal, January 2015

  • Jones, Stephen M.; Solomon, Edward I.
  • Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Vol. 72, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1826-6

Combined sequence and structure analysis of the fungal laccase family
journal, June 2003

  • Kumar, S. V. Suresh; Phale, Prashant S.; Durani, S.
  • Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 83, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1002/bit.10681

Biotechnological domestication of pseudomonads using synthetic biology
journal, April 2014

  • Nikel, Pablo I.; Martínez-García, Esteban; de Lorenzo, Víctor
  • Nature Reviews Microbiology, Vol. 12, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro3253

Laccase from prokaryotes: a new source for an old enzyme
journal, November 2011

  • Singh, Gursharan; Bhalla, Aditya; Kaur, Paramjit
  • Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, Vol. 10, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11157-011-9257-4

Simultaneous Bioconversion of Cellulose and Hemicellulose to Ethanol
journal, January 1998


Ionic liquids: a brief history
journal, April 2018


Laccases and their natural mediators: Biotechnological tools for sustainable eco-friendly processes
journal, November 2010


Lignin chemistry?past, present and future
journal, January 1977


Discovery and industrial applications of lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases
journal, February 2016

  • Johansen, Katja S.
  • Biochemical Society Transactions, Vol. 44, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1042/BST20150204

A Review of Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Enhanced Biogas Production
journal, April 2015


Potential Synergies and Challenges in Refining Cellulosic Biomass to Fuels, Chemicals, and Power
journal, April 2003

  • Wyman, C.E.
  • Biotechnology Progress, Vol. 19, Issue 2, p. 254-262
  • DOI: 10.1021/bp025654l

Laccase-mediated oxidation of phenolic derivatives
journal, August 2010

  • Navarra, Cristina; Goodwin, Candice; Burton, Stephanie
  • Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, Vol. 65, Issue 1-4
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.12.016

The emerging role for bacteria in lignin degradation and bio-product formation
journal, June 2011

  • Bugg, Timothy DH; Ahmad, Mark; Hardiman, Elizabeth M.
  • Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Vol. 22, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.10.009

Lignin polymerization: how do plants manage the chemistry so well?
journal, April 2019


Genomic analysis of the aromatic catabolic pathways from Pseudomonas putida KT2440
journal, December 2002


Visualization of biomass solubilization and cellulose regeneration during ionic liquid pretreatment of switchgrass
journal, September 2009

  • Singh, Seema; Simmons, Blake A.; Vogel, Kenneth P.
  • Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 104, Issue 1, p. 68-75
  • DOI: 10.1002/bit.22386

Biotransformation of Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds in Groundwater: Bisphenol A, Nonylphenol, Ethynylestradiol and Triclosan by a Laccase Cocktail from Pycnoporus sanguineus CS43
journal, July 2015

  • Garcia-Morales, R.; Rodríguez-Delgado, M.; Gomez-Mariscal, K.
  • Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, Vol. 226, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11270-015-2514-3

Wood-Rotting Fungi of North America
journal, January 1980


Biodegradation and biological treatments of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin: an overview
journal, April 2002


Exploring the Oxidation of Lignin-Derived Phenols by a Library of Laccase Mutants
journal, September 2015


Influence of Syringyl to Guaiacyl Ratio on the Structure of Natural and Synthetic Lignins
journal, January 2010

  • Kishimoto, Takao; Chiba, Wakako; Saito, Kaori
  • Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 58, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1021/jf9035172

Engineering microbial surfaces to degrade lignocellulosic biomass
journal, December 2013

  • Huang, Grace L.; Anderson, Timothy D.; Clubb, Robert T.
  • Bioengineered, Vol. 5, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.4161/bioe.27461

Laccase grafted membranes for advanced water filtration systems: a green approach to water purification technology
journal, December 2017


Mitigation of bisphenol A using an array of laccase-based robust bio-catalytic cues – A review
journal, November 2019


In Vitro Evolution of a Fungal Laccase in High Concentrations of Organic Cosolvents
journal, September 2007


Revealing the fate of the phenylcoumaran linkage during lignin oxidation reactions
journal, January 2018

  • Lahive, Ciaran W.; Lancefield, Christopher S.; Codina, Anna
  • Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Vol. 16, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1039/C7OB03087H

Complete dissolution and partial delignification of wood in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate
journal, January 2009

  • Sun, Ning; Rahman, Mustafizur; Qin, Ying
  • Green Chemistry, Vol. 11, Issue 5, 646-655
  • DOI: 10.1039/b822702k

KnowVolution of a Fungal Laccase toward Alkaline pH
journal, April 2019

  • Novoa, Catalina; Dhoke, Gaurao V.; Mate, Diana M.
  • ChemBioChem, Vol. 20, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800807

Biochemical characterization and molecular evidence of a laccase from the bird’s nest fungus Cyathus bulleri
journal, August 2005

  • Vasdev, Kavita; Dhawan, Shikha; Kapoor, Rajeev Kumar
  • Fungal Genetics and Biology, Vol. 42, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2005.03.013

A structural-chemical explanation of fungal laccase activity
journal, November 2018


From gene to biorefinery: microbial β-etherases as promising biocatalysts for lignin valorization
journal, September 2015

  • Picart, Pere; de María, Pablo Domínguez; Schallmey, Anett
  • Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 6
  • DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00916

Glucose Biosensors: An Overview of Use in Clinical Practice
journal, May 2010


Formation of intracytoplasmic lipid inclusions by Rhodococcus opacus strain PD630
journal, June 1996

  • Alvarez, Hector M.; Mayer, Frank; Fabritius, Dirk
  • Archives of Microbiology, Vol. 165, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1007/s002030050341

NMR Studies Part 3: Analysis of Lignins from Modern Kraft Pulping Technologies
journal, January 1998


Degradation of lignin with aqueous ammonium-based ionic liquid solutions under milder conditions
journal, January 2019

  • Tolesa, Leta Deressa; Gupta, Bhupender S.; Lee, Ming-Jer
  • New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 43, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1039/C8NJ05185B

Lignin degradation: microorganisms, enzymes involved, genomes analysis and evolution
journal, October 2017

  • Janusz, Grzegorz; Pawlik, Anna; Sulej, Justyna
  • FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Vol. 41, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux049

Immobilized ligninolytic enzymes: An innovative and environmental responsive technology to tackle dye-based industrial pollutants – A review
journal, January 2017


Hemicellulase production by Aspergillus niger DSM 26641 in hydrothermal palm oil empty fruit bunch hydrolysate and transcriptome analysis
journal, December 2014

  • Ottenheim, Christoph; Verdejo, Carl; Zimmermann, Wolfgang
  • Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Vol. 118, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.05.014

Enzymatic Processes to Unlock the Lignin Value
journal, March 2018

  • Hämäläinen, Veera; Grönroos, Toni; Suonpää, Anu
  • Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Vol. 6
  • DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00020

Laccases in Food Industry: Bioprocessing, Potential Industrial and Biotechnological Applications
journal, March 2020

  • Mayolo-Deloisa, Karla; González-González, Mirna; Rito-Palomares, Marco
  • Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Vol. 8
  • DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00222

Production of first and second generation biofuels: A comprehensive review
journal, February 2010

  • Naik, S. N.; Goud, Vaibhav V.; Rout, Prasant K.
  • Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 14, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.003

Recent advances on the molecular genetics of ligninolytic fungi
journal, March 1997


A semi-rational approach to obtain an ionic liquid tolerant bacterial laccase through π-type interactions
journal, August 2015

  • Dabirmanesh, Bahareh; Khajeh, Khosro; Ghazi, Farideh
  • International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Vol. 79
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.002

Lignin Biosynthesis
journal, June 2003


Towards lignin consolidated bioprocessing: simultaneous lignin depolymerization and product generation by bacteria
journal, January 2015

  • Salvachúa, Davinia; Karp, Eric M.; Nimlos, Claire T.
  • Green Chemistry, Vol. 17, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1039/C5GC01165E

Ionic Liquid-Like Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Applications of Ionic Liquids in Medicinal Chemistry: Development, Status and Prospects
journal, November 2019


Recent advances in lignin valorization with bacterial cultures: microorganisms, metabolic pathways, and bio-products
journal, February 2019


Enzymatic degradation of chloramphenicol by laccase from Trametes hirsuta and comparison among mediators
journal, March 2019


Targeted Mutations in a Trametes villosa Laccase
journal, April 1999

  • Xu, Feng; Palmer, Amy E.; Yaver, Debbie S.
  • Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 274, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.18.12372

The cell biology of secondary cell wall biosynthesis
journal, February 2018

  • Meents, Miranda J.; Watanabe, Yoichiro; Samuels, A. Lacey
  • Annals of Botany, Vol. 121, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy005

Laccase-mediator systems and their applications: A review
journal, September 2007

  • Morozova, O. V.; Shumakovich, G. P.; Shleev, S. V.
  • Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Vol. 43, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1134/S0003683807050055

Purification and characterization of a thermostable laccase with unique oxidative characteristics from Trametes hirsuta
journal, February 2009


Beyond natural laccases: extension of their potential applications by protein engineering
journal, December 2019

  • Stanzione, Ilaria; Pezzella, Cinzia; Giardina, Paola
  • Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 104, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10147-z

Advances in modifying lignin for enhanced biofuel production
journal, June 2010

  • Simmons, Blake A.; Loqué, Dominique; Ralph, John
  • Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Vol. 13, Issue 3, p. 312-319
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2010.03.001

Use of laccase in pulp and paper industry
journal, October 2011

  • Virk, Antar Puneet; Sharma, Prince; Capalash, Neena
  • Biotechnology Progress, Vol. 28, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1002/btpr.727

Acidic ionic liquids: Promising and cost-effective solvents for processing of lignocellulosic biomass
journal, August 2019


Ionic liquid pretreatment as emerging approaches for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass
journal, May 2016

  • Elgharbawy, Amal A.; Alam, Md Zahangir; Moniruzzaman, Muhammad
  • Biochemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 109
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.01.021

Ligninolytic Fungal Laccases and Their Biotechnological Applications
journal, June 2009

  • Singh Arora, Daljit; Kumar Sharma, Rakesh
  • Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 160, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8676-y

The challenge of enzyme cost in the production of lignocellulosic biofuels
journal, November 2011

  • Klein-Marcuschamer, Daniel; Oleskowicz-Popiel, Piotr; Simmons, Blake A.
  • Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 109, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1002/bit.24370

Lignin utilization: A review of lignin depolymerization from various aspects
journal, June 2019


Potential applications of laccase-mediated coupling and grafting reactions: A review
journal, March 2011


Paper pulp delignification using laccase and natural mediators
journal, April 2007


Lignin Biodegradation with Laccase-Mediator Systems
journal, March 2014


Understanding Lignification: Challenges Beyond Monolignol Biosynthesis: Figure 1.
journal, October 2010


Production of thermo-alkali-stable laccase and xylanase by co-culturing of Bacillus sp. and B. halodurans for biobleaching of kraft pulp and deinking of waste paper
journal, December 2014

  • Gupta, Vijaya; Garg, Shruti; Capalash, Neena
  • Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Vol. 38, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1340-0

Effects of Redox Potential and Hydroxide Inhibition on the pH Activity Profile of Fungal Laccases
journal, January 1997


Recent developments and applications of immobilized laccase
journal, December 2013


Heterologous laccase production and its role in industrial applications
journal, July 2010

  • Piscitelli, Alessandra; Pezzella, Cinzia; Giardina, Paola
  • Bioengineered Bugs, Vol. 1, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.4161/bbug.1.4.11438

Laccase Properties, Physiological Functions, and Evolution
journal, January 2020

  • Janusz, Grzegorz; Pawlik, Anna; Świderska-Burek, Urszula
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 21, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030966

Lignin Valorization: Improving Lignin Processing in the Biorefinery
journal, May 2014

  • Ragauskas, A. J.; Beckham, G. T.; Biddy, M. J.
  • Science, Vol. 344, Issue 6185, p. 1246843-1246843
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.1246843

Pollutants released from the pulp paper industry: Aquatic toxicity and their health hazards
journal, June 2019


Development of Rhodococcus opacus as a chassis for lignin valorization and bioproduction of high-value compounds
journal, August 2019

  • Anthony, Winston E.; Carr, Rhiannon R.; DeLorenzo, Drew M.
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 12, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1535-3

A review of the production of ethanol from softwood
journal, July 2002


Intensification of oak sawdust enzymatic hydrolysis by chemical or hydrothermal pretreatment
journal, April 1986

  • Szczodrak, J.; Llczuk, Z.; Rogalski, J.
  • Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 28, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1002/bit.260280406

Laccase/Mediator Systems: Their Reactivity toward Phenolic Lignin Structures
journal, December 2017

  • Hilgers, Roelant; Vincken, Jean-Paul; Gruppen, Harry
  • ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03451

Optimization of laccase production from Aspergillus flavus by design of experiment technique: Partial purification and characterization
journal, June 2016

  • Kumar, Rajesh; Kaur, Jaswinder; Jain, Saurabh
  • Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Vol. 14, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2016.05.006

Laccases: structure, function, and potential application in water bioremediation
journal, November 2019

  • Arregui, Leticia; Ayala, Marcela; Gómez-Gil, Ximena
  • Microbial Cell Factories, Vol. 18, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1248-0

Bacterial laccase: recent update on production, properties and industrial applications
journal, September 2017


Heterologous expression and characterization of a laccase from Laccaria bicolor in Pichia pastoris
journal, November 2015


Application of eukaryotic and prokaryotic laccases in biosensor and biofuel cells: recent advances and electrochemical aspects
journal, October 2018


Bio-ethanol – the fuel of tomorrow from the residues of today
journal, December 2006

  • Hahn-Hägerdal, B.; Galbe, M.; Gorwa-Grauslund, M. F.
  • Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 24, Issue 12, p. 549-556
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.10.004

Laccase-based biosensors for detection of phenolic compounds
journal, December 2015

  • Rodríguez-Delgado, Melissa M.; Alemán-Nava, Gibrán S.; Rodríguez-Delgado, José Manuel
  • TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 74
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.05.008

Role of laccase in lignin degradation by white-rot fungi
journal, October 1995


Influence of iron and copper on the activity of laccases in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
journal, November 2018

  • Hernández-Monjaraz, Wendy Susana; Caudillo-Pérez, César; Salazar-Sánchez, Pedro Ulises
  • Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 49
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.06.002

Oxidoreductases on their way to industrial biotransformations
journal, November 2017


Genetically modified lignin below ground
journal, February 2007

  • Hopkins, David W.; Webster, Elizabeth A.; Boerjan, Wout
  • Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 25, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1038/nbt0207-168

Multicopper Oxidases and Oxygenases
journal, January 1996

  • Solomon, Edward I.; Sundaram, Uma M.; Machonkin, Timothy E.
  • Chemical Reviews, Vol. 96, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1021/cr950046o

Lignin-Derived Compounds as Efficient Laccase Mediators for Decolorization of Different Types of Recalcitrant Dyes
journal, April 2005


The Structure of Rigidoporus lignosus Laccase Containing a Full Complement of Copper Ions, Reveals an Asymmetrical Arrangement for the T3 Copper Pair
journal, October 2004

  • Garavaglia, Silvia; Teresa Cambria, Maria; Miglio, Marco
  • Journal of Molecular Biology, Vol. 342, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.07.100

The Effects on Lignin Structure of Overexpression of Ferulate 5-Hydroxylase in Hybrid Poplar 1
journal, April 2009

  • Stewart, Jaclyn J.; Akiyama, Takuya; Chapple, Clint
  • Plant Physiology, Vol. 150, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.137059

Tolerance engineering in bacteria for the production of advanced biofuels and chemicals
journal, August 2015


Structural comparison of cupredoxin domains: Domain recycling to construct proteins with novel functions: Cupredoxin domain comparison
journal, April 1997

  • Murphy, Michael E. P.; Lindley, Peter F.; Adman, Elinor T.
  • Protein Science, Vol. 6, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560060402

Oxidation of non-phenolic substrates: An expanded role for laccase in lignin biodegradation
journal, July 1990


The white-rot fungus Cerrena unicolor strain 137 produces two laccase isoforms with different physico-chemical and catalytic properties
journal, February 2006

  • Michniewicz, Anna; Ullrich, René; Ledakowicz, Stanisław
  • Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 69, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0015-9

Laccase2 is required for cuticular pigmentation in stinkbugs
journal, March 2011

  • Futahashi, Ryo; Tanaka, Kohjiro; Matsuura, Yu
  • Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 41, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2010.12.003

Characterization of the gene encoding an extracellular laccase of Myceliophthora thermophila and analysis of the recombinant enzyme expressed in Aspergillus oryzae
journal, August 1997


Laccase biosensors based on different enzyme immobilization strategies for phenolic compounds determination
journal, October 2013


High Level Secretion of Laccase (LccH) from a Newly Isolated White-Rot Basidiomycete, Hexagonia hirta MSF2
journal, May 2016

  • Kandasamy, Sujatha; Muniraj, Iniya K.; Purushothaman, Namitha
  • Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 7
  • DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00707

p -Hydroxycinnamic Acids as Natural Mediators for Laccase Oxidation of Recalcitrant Compounds
journal, September 2008

  • Camarero, Susana; CaÑas, Ana I.; Nousiainen, Paula
  • Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 42, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.1021/es8008979

The distribution of novel bacterial laccases in alpine paleosols is directly related to soil stratigraphy
journal, June 2019


Potential applications of laccase in the food industry
journal, June 2002

  • Minussi, Rosana C.; Pastore, Gláucia M.; Durán, Nelson
  • Trends in Food Science & Technology, Vol. 13, Issue 6-7
  • DOI: 10.1016/S0924-2244(02)00155-3

Application of ionic liquids for dissolving cellulose and fabricating cellulose-based materials: state of the art and future trends
journal, January 2017

  • Zhang, Jinming; Wu, Jin; Yu, Jian
  • Materials Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 1, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1039/C6QM00348F

Properties of bacterial laccases and their application in bioremediation of industrial wastes
journal, January 2015

  • Chandra, Ram; Chowdhary, Pankaj
  • Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, Vol. 17, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1039/C4EM00627E

Laccase engineering: From rational design to directed evolution
journal, January 2015


Structure and Action Mechanism of Ligninolytic Enzymes
journal, June 2008


Fungal laccase discovered but yet undiscovered
journal, January 2018

  • Agrawal, Komal; Chaturvedi, Venkatesh; Verma, Pradeep
  • Bioresources and Bioprocessing, Vol. 5, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s40643-018-0190-z

Effect of Ethanol Organosolv Pretreatment on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Buddleja davidii Stem Biomass
journal, February 2010

  • Hallac, Bassem B.; Sannigrahi, Poulomi; Pu, Yunqiao
  • Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 49, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1021/ie900683q

Hydrothermolysis of pine wood
journal, February 2018