Strategies towards enabling lithium metal in batteries: interphases and electrodes

Horstmann, Birger; Shi, Jiayan; Amine, Rachid; Werres, Martin; He, Xin; Jia, Hao; Hausen, Florian; Cekic-Laskovic, Isidora; Wiemers-Meyer, Simon; Lopez, Jeffrey; Galvez-Aranda, Diego; Baakes, Florian; Bresser, Dominic; Su, Chi-Cheung; Xu, Yaobin; Xu, Wu; Jakes, Peter; Eichel, Rüdiger-A.; Figgemeier, Egbert; Krewer, Ulrike; Seminario, Jorge M.; Balbuena, Perla B.; Wang, Chongmin; Passerini, Stefano; Shao-Horn, Yang; Winter, Martin; Amine, Khalil; Kostecki, Robert; Latz, Arnulf

doi:10.1039/D1EE00767J

Title: Strategies towards enabling lithium metal in batteries: interphases and electrodes

Abstract

Despite the continuous increase in capacity, lithium-ion intercalation batteries are approaching their performance limits. As a result, research is intensifying on next-generation battery technologies. The use of a lithium metal anode promises the highest theoretical energy density and enables use of lithium-free or novel high-energy cathodes. However, the lithium metal anode suffers from poor morphological stability and Coulombic efficiency during cycling, especially in liquid electrolytes. In contrast to solid electrolytes, liquid electrolytes have the advantage of high ionic conductivity and good wetting of the anode, despite the lithium metal volume change during cycling. Rapid capacity fade due to inhomogeneous deposition and dissolution of lithium is the main hindrance to the successful utilization of the lithium metal anode in combination with liquid electrolytes. In this perspective, we discuss how experimental and theoretical insights can provide possible pathways for reversible cycling of two-dimensional lithium metal. Therefore, we discuss improvements in the understanding of lithium metal nucleation, deposition, and stripping on the nanoscale. As the solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a key role in the lithium morphology, we discuss how the proper SEI design might allow stable cycling. We highlight recent advances in conventional and (localized) highly concentrated electrolytes in view of their respectivemore »« less

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Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Ulm 89081, Germany, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Stuttgart 70569, Germany
Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
Material Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99354, USA
Institute of Energy and Climate Research IEK-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
Helmholtz-Institute Münster (HI MS), IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Münster, 48149, Germany
University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Münster, 48149, Germany
Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
Institute for Applied Materials – Electrochemical Technologies (IAM-ET), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Ulm 89081, Germany, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99354, USA
Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Helmholtz-Institute Münster (HI MS), IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Münster, 48149, Germany, University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Münster, 48149, Germany
Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA, Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

Publication Date:: 2021-10-13

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1811080

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1819859; OSTI ID: 1830505; OSTI ID: 1840906

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-160592
Journal ID: ISSN 1754-5692; EESNBY

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC05-76RL01830; AC02-06CH11357

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Energy & Environmental Science

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Energy & Environmental Science Journal Volume: 14 Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 1754-5692

Publisher:: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

Subject:: 25 ENERGY STORAGE

Citation Formats


                    Horstmann, Birger, Shi, Jiayan, Amine, Rachid, Werres, Martin, He, Xin, Jia, Hao, Hausen, Florian, Cekic-Laskovic, Isidora, Wiemers-Meyer, Simon, Lopez, Jeffrey, Galvez-Aranda, Diego, Baakes, Florian, Bresser, Dominic, Su, Chi-Cheung, Xu, Yaobin, Xu, Wu, Jakes, Peter, Eichel, Rüdiger-A., Figgemeier, Egbert, Krewer, Ulrike, Seminario, Jorge M., Balbuena, Perla B., Wang, Chongmin, Passerini, Stefano, Shao-Horn, Yang, Winter, Martin, Amine, Khalil, Kostecki, Robert, and Latz, Arnulf. Strategies towards enabling lithium metal in batteries: interphases and electrodes.  United Kingdom: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1039/D1EE00767J.

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                    Horstmann, Birger, Shi, Jiayan, Amine, Rachid, Werres, Martin, He, Xin, Jia, Hao, Hausen, Florian, Cekic-Laskovic, Isidora, Wiemers-Meyer, Simon, Lopez, Jeffrey, Galvez-Aranda, Diego, Baakes, Florian, Bresser, Dominic, Su, Chi-Cheung, Xu, Yaobin, Xu, Wu, Jakes, Peter, Eichel, Rüdiger-A., Figgemeier, Egbert, Krewer, Ulrike, Seminario, Jorge M., Balbuena, Perla B., Wang, Chongmin, Passerini, Stefano, Shao-Horn, Yang, Winter, Martin, Amine, Khalil, Kostecki, Robert, & Latz, Arnulf. Strategies towards enabling lithium metal in batteries: interphases and electrodes.  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EE00767J

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                    Horstmann, Birger, Shi, Jiayan, Amine, Rachid, Werres, Martin, He, Xin, Jia, Hao, Hausen, Florian, Cekic-Laskovic, Isidora, Wiemers-Meyer, Simon, Lopez, Jeffrey, Galvez-Aranda, Diego, Baakes, Florian, Bresser, Dominic, Su, Chi-Cheung, Xu, Yaobin, Xu, Wu, Jakes, Peter, Eichel, Rüdiger-A., Figgemeier, Egbert, Krewer, Ulrike, Seminario, Jorge M., Balbuena, Perla B., Wang, Chongmin, Passerini, Stefano, Shao-Horn, Yang, Winter, Martin, Amine, Khalil, Kostecki, Robert, and Latz, Arnulf. Wed .  
"Strategies towards enabling lithium metal in batteries: interphases and electrodes".  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EE00767J.

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@article{osti_1811080,

  title        = {Strategies towards enabling lithium metal in batteries: interphases and electrodes},

  author       = {Horstmann, Birger and Shi, Jiayan and Amine, Rachid and Werres, Martin and He, Xin and Jia, Hao and Hausen, Florian and Cekic-Laskovic, Isidora and Wiemers-Meyer, Simon and Lopez, Jeffrey and Galvez-Aranda, Diego and Baakes, Florian and Bresser, Dominic and Su, Chi-Cheung and Xu, Yaobin and Xu, Wu and Jakes, Peter and Eichel, Rüdiger-A. and Figgemeier, Egbert and Krewer, Ulrike and Seminario, Jorge M. and Balbuena, Perla B. and Wang, Chongmin and Passerini, Stefano and Shao-Horn, Yang and Winter, Martin and Amine, Khalil and Kostecki, Robert and Latz, Arnulf},

  abstractNote = {Despite the continuous increase in capacity, lithium-ion intercalation batteries are approaching their performance limits. As a result, research is intensifying on next-generation battery technologies. The use of a lithium metal anode promises the highest theoretical energy density and enables use of lithium-free or novel high-energy cathodes. However, the lithium metal anode suffers from poor morphological stability and Coulombic efficiency during cycling, especially in liquid electrolytes. In contrast to solid electrolytes, liquid electrolytes have the advantage of high ionic conductivity and good wetting of the anode, despite the lithium metal volume change during cycling. Rapid capacity fade due to inhomogeneous deposition and dissolution of lithium is the main hindrance to the successful utilization of the lithium metal anode in combination with liquid electrolytes. In this perspective, we discuss how experimental and theoretical insights can provide possible pathways for reversible cycling of two-dimensional lithium metal. Therefore, we discuss improvements in the understanding of lithium metal nucleation, deposition, and stripping on the nanoscale. As the solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a key role in the lithium morphology, we discuss how the proper SEI design might allow stable cycling. We highlight recent advances in conventional and (localized) highly concentrated electrolytes in view of their respective SEIs. We also discuss artificial interphases and three-dimensional host frameworks, which show prospects of mitigating morphological instabilities and suppressing large shape change on the electrode level.},

  doi          = {10.1039/D1EE00767J},

  journal      = {Energy & Environmental Science},

  number       = 10,

  volume       = 14,

  place        = {United Kingdom},

  year         = {2021},

  month        = {10}

}

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Title: Strategies towards enabling lithium metal in batteries: interphases and electrodes

Abstract

Citation Formats

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Current Density Regulated Atomic to Nanoscale Process on Li Deposition and Solid Electrolyte Interphase Revealed by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy journal, June 2020

Factors Which Limit the Cycle Life of Rechargeable Lithium (Metal) Batteries journal, January 2000

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Toward Safe Lithium Metal Anode in Rechargeable Batteries: A Review journal, July 2017

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Dendrite-Free and Performance-Enhanced Lithium Metal Batteries through Optimizing Solvent Compositions and Adding Combinational Additives journal, February 2018

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EPR Imaging of Metallic Lithium and its Application to Dendrite Localisation in Battery Separators journal, September 2018

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The Failure of Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Li Metal Anode: Structural Uniformity or Mechanical Strength? journal, March 2020

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Pathways for practical high-energy long-cycling lithium metal batteries
journal, February 2019

Origin of lithium whisker formation and growth under stress
journal, October 2019

Current Density Regulated Atomic to Nanoscale Process on Li Deposition and Solid Electrolyte Interphase Revealed by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy
journal, June 2020

Factors Which Limit the Cycle Life of Rechargeable Lithium (Metal) Batteries
journal, January 2000

Mechanisms of dendritic growth investigated by in situ light microscopy during electrodeposition and dissolution of lithium
journal, September 2014

Highly Stable Sodium Batteries Enabled by Functional Ionic Polymer Membranes
journal, January 2017

Dendrite Growth in Mg Metal Cells Containing Mg(TFSI) ₂ /Glyme Electrolytes
journal, January 2018

Ionic liquid electrolyte with highly concentrated LiTFSI for lithium metal batteries
journal, September 2018

Toward Safe Lithium Metal Anode in Rechargeable Batteries: A Review
journal, July 2017

Dendrites and Pits: Untangling the Complex Behavior of Lithium Metal Anodes through Operando Video Microscopy
journal, October 2016

High-energy lithium metal pouch cells with limited anode swelling and long stable cycles
journal, May 2019

Composite lithium electrode with mesoscale skeleton via simple mechanical deformation
journal, March 2019

Li 2 S 5 -based ternary-salt electrolyte for robust lithium metal anode
journal, April 2016

Quantifying inactive lithium in lithium metal batteries
journal, August 2019

Stress-driven lithium dendrite growth mechanism and dendrite mitigation by electroplating on soft substrates
journal, March 2018

Synchronous Healing of Li Metal Anode via Asymmetrical Bidirectional Current
journal, January 2020

Electro-chemo-mechanics of lithium in solid state lithium metal batteries
journal, January 2021

Effects of Atmospheric Gases on Li Metal Cyclability and Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Formation
journal, March 2020

Surface Condition Changes in Lithium Metal Deposited in Nonaqueous Electrolyte Containing HF by Dissolution-Deposition Cycles
journal, January 1999

Lithium Difluorophosphate as a Dendrite-Suppressing Additive for Lithium Metal Batteries
journal, June 2018

An Anion‐Tuned Solid Electrolyte Interphase with Fast Ion Transfer Kinetics for Stable Lithium Anodes
journal, February 2020

Self-Stabilized Solid Electrolyte Interface on a Host-Free Li-Metal Anode toward High Areal Capacity and Rate Utilization
journal, May 2018

Investigating Li Microstructure Formation on Li Anodes for Lithium Batteries by in Situ ⁶ Li/ ⁷ Li NMR and SEM
journal, July 2015

Model Based Multiscale Analysis of Film Formation in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
journal, February 2019

The Synergistic Effect of Cation and Anion of an Ionic Liquid Additive for Lithium Metal Anodes
journal, January 2018

A Diffusion−Reaction Competition Mechanism to Tailor Lithium Deposition
journal, March 2020

All-temperature batteries enabled by fluorinated electrolytes with non-polar solvents
journal, October 2019

A Mixed Lithium‐Ion Conductive Li ₂ S/Li ₂ Se Protection Layer for Stable Lithium Metal Anode
journal, April 2020

Enabling High-Voltage Lithium-Metal Batteries under Practical Conditions
journal, July 2019

Microscopic properties of lithium, sodium, and magnesium battery anode materials related to possible dendrite growth
journal, November 2014

Dendrite-Free and Performance-Enhanced Lithium Metal Batteries through Optimizing Solvent Compositions and Adding Combinational Additives
journal, February 2018

Synergetic Effects of Inorganic Components in Solid Electrolyte Interphase on High Cycle Efficiency of Lithium Ion Batteries
journal, February 2016

EPR Imaging of Metallic Lithium and its Application to Dendrite Localisation in Battery Separators
journal, September 2018

Very Stable Lithium Metal Stripping–Plating at a High Rate and High Areal Capacity in Fluoroethylene Carbonate-Based Organic Electrolyte Solution
journal, May 2017

Lithium electrode cycleability and morphology dependence on current density
journal, March 1993

The intrinsic behavior of lithium fluoride in solid electrolyte interphases on lithium
journal, December 2019

Stable lithium electrodeposition in liquid and nanoporous solid electrolytes
journal, August 2014

A Novel and Generalized Lithium-Ion-Battery Configuration utilizing Al Foil as Both Anode and Current Collector for Enhanced Energy Density
journal, December 2016

Blends of lithium bis(oxalato)borate and lithium tetrafluoroborate: Useful substitutes for lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate in electrolytes for lithium metal based secondary batteries?
journal, September 2013

Influence of electrolyte composition on high energy lithium metal cells
journal, July 2020

The electrochemical behaviour of 1,3-dioxolane—LiClO4 solutions—I. Uncontaminated solutions
journal, March 1990

Advances and issues in developing salt-concentrated battery electrolytes
journal, March 2019

Fluorinated solid electrolyte interphase enables highly reversible solid-state Li metal battery
journal, December 2018

Lithium Electrode Morphology during Cycling in Lithium Cells
journal, January 1988

Recent studies on the correlation between surface chemistry, morphology, three-dimensional structures and performance of Li and Li-C intercalation anodes in several important electrolyte systems
journal, September 1997

Electrolyte Additives for Lithium Metal Anodes and Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries: Progress and Perspectives
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Strong texturing of lithium metal in batteries
journal, October 2017

Unusual Stability of Acetonitrile-Based Superconcentrated Electrolytes for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, March 2014

Enhanced cycling performance of lithium metal secondary batteries with succinic anhydride as an electrolyte additive
journal, January 2014

Innovative zinc-based batteries
journal, February 2021

Designing Polymeric Interphases for Stable Lithium Metal Deposition
journal, June 2020

Elucidating electrolyte decomposition under electron-rich environments at the lithium-metal anode
journal, January 2017

Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy observation of lithium metal growth and dissolution: Root growth, dead lithium and lithium flotsams
journal, February 2017

Dendrite-free Li deposition using trace-amounts of water as an electrolyte additive
journal, July 2015

Exploring the Impact of Mechanical Pressure on the Performance of Anode-Free Lithium Metal Cells
journal, January 2019

Theoretical Studies To Understand Surface Chemistry on Carbon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Reduction Mechanisms of Ethylene Carbonate
journal, November 2001

Dendritic growth mechanisms in lithium/polymer cells
journal, September 1999

Suppressing Dendritic Growth during Alkaline Zinc Electrodeposition using Polyethylenimine Additive
journal, October 2015

Real-Time Observation of Li Deposition on a Li Electrode with Operand Atomic Force Microscopy and Surface Mechanical Imaging
journal, February 2017

Recent Advances in Energy Chemistry between Solid-State Electrolyte and Safe Lithium-Metal Anodes
journal, January 2019

Plan-View Operando Video Microscopy of Li Metal Anodes: Identifying the Coupled Relationships among Nucleation, Morphology, and Reversibility
journal, March 2020

In Situ Formation of Protective Coatings on Sulfur Cathodes in Lithium Batteries with LiFSI-Based Organic Electrolytes
journal, December 2014

Evolution of Dead Lithium Growth in Lithium Metal Batteries: Experimentally Validated Model of the Apparent Capacity Loss
journal, January 2019

The synergetic effect of lithium polysulfide and lithium nitrate to prevent lithium dendrite growth
journal, June 2015

Novel ALD Chemistry Enabled Low-Temperature Synthesis of Lithium Fluoride Coatings for Durable Lithium Anodes
journal, July 2018

Influence of lithium-cyclo-difluoromethane-1,1-bis(sulfonyl)imide as electrolyte additive on the reversibility of lithium metal batteries
journal, January 2016

The Failure of Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Li Metal Anode: Structural Uniformity or Mechanical Strength?
journal, March 2020

A facile surface chemistry route to a stabilized lithium metal anode
journal, July 2017

Fast galvanic lithium corrosion involving a Kirkendall-type mechanism
journal, January 2019

Solid–Electrolyte Interphase During Battery Cycling: Theory of Growth Regimes
journal, June 2020

In Situ Observation of Dendrite Growth of Electrodeposited Li Metal
journal, January 2010

What Makes Fluoroethylene Carbonate Different?
journal, June 2015

Co-Electrodeposition Mechanism in Rechargeable Metal Batteries
journal, May 2021

A consideration of the morphology of electrochemically deposited lithium in an organic electrolyte
journal, August 1998

Non-flammable electrolyte enables Li-metal batteries with aggressive cathode chemistries
journal, July 2018

Design Principles of Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphases for Lithium-Metal Anodes
journal, July 2020

Nucleation and Early Stage Growth of Li Electrodeposits
journal, September 2019

Formation of Magnesium Dendrites during Electrodeposition
journal, December 2018

Component-/structure-dependent elasticity of solid electrolyte interphase layer in Li-ion batteries: Experimental and computational studies
journal, March 2015

Combinatorial Methods for Improving Lithium Metal Cycling Efficiency
journal, January 2018