Strategies towards enabling lithium metal in batteries: interphases and electrodes

Horstmann, Birger; Shi, Jiayan; Amine, Rachid; Werres, Martin; He, Xin; Jia, Hao; Hausen, Florian; Cekic-Laskovic, Isidora; Wiemers-Meyer, Simon; Lopez, Jeffrey; Galvez-Aranda, Diego; Baakes, Florian; Bresser, Dominic; Su, Chi-Cheung; Xu, Yaobin; Xu, Wu; Jakes, Peter; Eichel, Rüdiger-A; Figgemeier, Egbert; Krewer, Ulrike; Seminario, Jorge M.; Balbuena, Perla B.; Wang, Chongmin; Passerini, Stefano; Shao-Horn, Yang; Winter, Martin; Amine, Khalil; Kostecki, Robert; Latz, Arnulf

doi:10.1039/d1ee00767j

Title: Strategies towards enabling lithium metal in batteries: interphases and electrodes

Journal Article · 29 July 2021 · Energy & Environmental Science

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ee00767j · OSTI ID:1811080

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Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) (Germany); German Aerospace Center (DLR), Stuttgart (Germany)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Forschungszentrum Juelich (Germany)
Helmholtz-Institute Münster (HI MS) (Germany); Forschungszentrum Juelich (Germany)
University of Münster (Germany)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology (KIT) (Germany). IAM-ET
Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) (Germany); Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology (KIT) (Germany)
Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology (KIT) (Germany)

Despite the continuous increase in capacity, lithium-ion intercalation batteries are approaching their performance limits. As a result, research is intensifying on next-generation battery technologies. The use of a lithium metal anode promises the highest theoretical energy density and enables use of lithium-free or novel high-energy cathodes. However, the lithium metal anode suffers from poor morphological stability and Coulombic efficiency during cycling, especially in liquid electrolytes. In contrast to solid electrolytes, liquid electrolytes have the advantage of high ionic conductivity and good wetting of the anode, despite the lithium metal volume change during cycling. Rapid capacity fade due to inhomogeneous deposition and dissolution of lithium is the main hindrance to the successful utilization of the lithium metal anode in combination with liquid electrolytes. In this perspective, we discuss how experimental and theoretical insights can provide possible pathways for reversible cycling of two-dimensional lithium metal. Therefore, we discuss improvements in the understanding of lithium metal nucleation, deposition, and stripping on the nanoscale. As the solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a key role in the lithium morphology, we discuss how the proper SEI design might allow stable cycling. We highlight recent advances in conventional and (localized) highly concentrated electrolytes in view of their respective SEIs. We also discuss artificial interphases and three-dimensional host frameworks, which show prospects of mitigating morphological instabilities and suppressing large shape change on the electrode level.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC05-76RL01830; AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1811080

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1819859; OSTI ID: 1830505; OSTI ID: 1840906

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-160592; ark:/13030/qt10j1740n

Journal Information:: Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 14, Issue 10; ISSN 1754-5692

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Effects of Polymer Coatings on Electrodeposited Lithium Metal Lopez, Jeffrey; Pei, Allen; Oh, Jin Young Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 140, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b06047	journal	August 2018
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